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... peridotitic mantle. At least in some cases, enhanced melt productivity can be consequence of chemical anomalies (e.g., presence of low temperature melting point assemblages) rather than thermal anomalies (as requested in the original mantle plume models). ...
... peridotitic mantle. At least in some cases, enhanced melt productivity can be consequence of chemical anomalies (e.g., presence of low temperature melting point assemblages) rather than thermal anomalies (as requested in the original mantle plume models). ...
chapter 15B - plate tectonics 2
... • Caused by rising stationary plumes of mantle material • Volcanoes can form over them (Hawaiian Island chain) • Originate at great depth, perhaps at the mantle-core boundary • Since plate moves, but plume does not, it allows us to measure rate of plate motion. ...
... • Caused by rising stationary plumes of mantle material • Volcanoes can form over them (Hawaiian Island chain) • Originate at great depth, perhaps at the mantle-core boundary • Since plate moves, but plume does not, it allows us to measure rate of plate motion. ...
Warm- Up
... 7. What are the 3 types of convergent boundaries? 8. At which type of boundary is crust neither created nor destroyed? 9. If two oceanic plates collide, which plate will go under the other and what is the name for this process? 10. How much water is believed to be in the mantle? ...
... 7. What are the 3 types of convergent boundaries? 8. At which type of boundary is crust neither created nor destroyed? 9. If two oceanic plates collide, which plate will go under the other and what is the name for this process? 10. How much water is believed to be in the mantle? ...
Exam1B
... 18. Crystal size in igneous rocks is a function of: a) rate of cooling; faster cooling = larger crystals b) rate of cooling; faster cooling = smaller crystals c) composition: basaltic magma = smaller crystals d) tectonic setting; igneous rocks from subduction zones always have larger crystals 19. T ...
... 18. Crystal size in igneous rocks is a function of: a) rate of cooling; faster cooling = larger crystals b) rate of cooling; faster cooling = smaller crystals c) composition: basaltic magma = smaller crystals d) tectonic setting; igneous rocks from subduction zones always have larger crystals 19. T ...
Plate Tectonics
... Plate Tectonics • Proposed in 1965 by Tuzo Wilson = combination of Wegener & Hess’s ideas. • Convection Currents move the lithospheric plates causing geologic activity – (mountain building, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes) ...
... Plate Tectonics • Proposed in 1965 by Tuzo Wilson = combination of Wegener & Hess’s ideas. • Convection Currents move the lithospheric plates causing geologic activity – (mountain building, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes) ...
Lesson Assessment: Plate Tectonics
... b) The Pacific plate is moving northeast over a hotspot in Earth's mantle that continually produces new volcanism directly above it. c) The island chain results from the subduction of one oceanic plate under another. As the subducting plate sinks into the mantle and melts, magma rises, producing vol ...
... b) The Pacific plate is moving northeast over a hotspot in Earth's mantle that continually produces new volcanism directly above it. c) The island chain results from the subduction of one oceanic plate under another. As the subducting plate sinks into the mantle and melts, magma rises, producing vol ...
Week 10c_2015
... Based on the velocity of seismic waves through the mantle, we know that the density increases slowly from 3.3 g/cm3 to 5.5 g/cm3 from the top to the bottom of the mantle. We also know that the mean density of the Earth is 5.5g/cm3. To make up for the difference, the core must be composed of materia ...
... Based on the velocity of seismic waves through the mantle, we know that the density increases slowly from 3.3 g/cm3 to 5.5 g/cm3 from the top to the bottom of the mantle. We also know that the mean density of the Earth is 5.5g/cm3. To make up for the difference, the core must be composed of materia ...
Basalts and Ultramafic Volcanic Rocks
... • Generation depth >40km (Seismic data) • Phase equilibria > 80km • Mantle xenolith ...
... • Generation depth >40km (Seismic data) • Phase equilibria > 80km • Mantle xenolith ...
Earth System - Earth`s Structure
... Name:___________________ Date:____________________ Class:___________________ ...
... Name:___________________ Date:____________________ Class:___________________ ...
Changes in the Earth`s surface
... Learning objectives • What are tectonic plates? • What causes tectonic plates to move? • What effects do movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates cause? • Can scientists predict earthquakes and volcanic eruptions? ...
... Learning objectives • What are tectonic plates? • What causes tectonic plates to move? • What effects do movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates cause? • Can scientists predict earthquakes and volcanic eruptions? ...
Plate tectonics “Quest”: Tuesday January 15, 2011
... Glomar Challenger 1968- drilled sediment core samples east and west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. o Evidence supported seafloor spreading- age of sediments were older further from the ridge and sediments were thicker further from the ridge JOIDES Resolution 1996- drilled sediment core samples east ...
... Glomar Challenger 1968- drilled sediment core samples east and west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. o Evidence supported seafloor spreading- age of sediments were older further from the ridge and sediments were thicker further from the ridge JOIDES Resolution 1996- drilled sediment core samples east ...
Quiz 9: Archean Tectonics (Ch. 11) 1. Komatiites are often found in
... 1. Komatiites are often found in greenstone belts. What does this tell us about the Archean which is different from today? peridotite rocks (mantle) melted at higher temperatures near the surface ...
... 1. Komatiites are often found in greenstone belts. What does this tell us about the Archean which is different from today? peridotite rocks (mantle) melted at higher temperatures near the surface ...
What are the causes of plate Movement?
... Temperatures about 6000C but due to huge pressure solid (hotter than the surface of the sun) ...
... Temperatures about 6000C but due to huge pressure solid (hotter than the surface of the sun) ...
Plate Tectonics Vocabulary
... 2. Plate tectonics- the theory that Earth’s outer layer is made up of large, moving pieces called tectonic plates; the theory explains how plates interact and how those interactions relate to processes such as earthquakes and mountain building 3. Theory- a system of ides that explains many related o ...
... 2. Plate tectonics- the theory that Earth’s outer layer is made up of large, moving pieces called tectonic plates; the theory explains how plates interact and how those interactions relate to processes such as earthquakes and mountain building 3. Theory- a system of ides that explains many related o ...
Earth`s Interior and Plate Tectonics
... The layers of the Earth are the crust, mantle, and core Earth’s outer layer, (lithosphere), is broken into several pieces called plates The plates ride on top of the soft, liquid mantle, (asthenosphere), beneath the plates Plates spread apart at divergent boundaries, collide at convergent boun ...
... The layers of the Earth are the crust, mantle, and core Earth’s outer layer, (lithosphere), is broken into several pieces called plates The plates ride on top of the soft, liquid mantle, (asthenosphere), beneath the plates Plates spread apart at divergent boundaries, collide at convergent boun ...
Earth Layers and Continental Drift
... deep inside Earth) 2. Indirect evidence from seismic waves (produced by earthquakes; speed gives clues to the material) ...
... deep inside Earth) 2. Indirect evidence from seismic waves (produced by earthquakes; speed gives clues to the material) ...
inside earth ppt
... How do we know what inside Earth is like if we can’t travel through it? • Scientist know this by studying seismic waves/data from earthquakes ...
... How do we know what inside Earth is like if we can’t travel through it? • Scientist know this by studying seismic waves/data from earthquakes ...
Plate Tectonic Theory Picture Vocabulary
... A cyclical motion occurs because of density differences in the mantle. Heated, less dense lower regions of the fluid mantle rise, and denser, cooler regions sink due to gravity. The combined motions serve as the engine for crustal plate movement. ...
... A cyclical motion occurs because of density differences in the mantle. Heated, less dense lower regions of the fluid mantle rise, and denser, cooler regions sink due to gravity. The combined motions serve as the engine for crustal plate movement. ...
Mantle plume
A mantle plume is a mechanism proposed in 1971 to explain volcanic regions of the earth that were not thought to be explicable by the then-new theory of plate tectonics. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, for example, Hawaii. Others represent unusually large-volume volcanism, whether on plate boundaries, e.g. Iceland, or basalt floods such as the Deccan or Siberian traps.A mantle plume is posited to exist where hot rock nucleates at the core-mantle boundary and rises through the Earth's mantle becoming a diapir in the Earth's crust. The currently active volcanic centers are known as ""hot spots"". In particular, the concept that mantle plumes are fixed relative to one another, and anchored at the core-mantle boundary, was thought to provide a natural explanation for the time-progressive chains of older volcanoes seen extending out from some such hot spots, such as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain.The hypothesis of mantle plumes from depth is not universally accepted as explaining all such volcanism. It has required progressive hypothesis-elaboration leading to variant propositions such as mini-plumes and pulsing plumes. Another hypothesis for unusual volcanic regions is the ""Plate model"". This proposes shallower, passive leakage of magma from the mantle onto the Earth's surface where extension of the lithosphere permits it, attributing most volcanism to plate tectonic processes, with volcanoes far from plate boundaries resulting from intraplate extension.