Terminations for Advanced CMOS Logic
... RC time constant is too small, the RC circuit will act as an edge generator and will create overshooting and undershooting. While increasing the capacitor reduces overshoot, it also increases power consumption. As a rule, the RC time constant should be greater than 3 times the line delay. When drivi ...
... RC time constant is too small, the RC circuit will act as an edge generator and will create overshooting and undershooting. While increasing the capacitor reduces overshoot, it also increases power consumption. As a rule, the RC time constant should be greater than 3 times the line delay. When drivi ...
112-GHz, 157-GHz, and 180-GHz InP HEMT Traveling
... transistor is severely attenuated and does not contribute significantly to the output voltage. Using (6)–(8), the gain–bandwidth product is given by ...
... transistor is severely attenuated and does not contribute significantly to the output voltage. Using (6)–(8), the gain–bandwidth product is given by ...
Electroacoustic modelling of the subwoofer enclosures
... Figure 2: Developers of systematic design of ported boxes. As can be seen from figure 1, the resistive (real) part is very small at low frequencies. This is main reason why normal direct radiator loudspeakers are notoriously inefficient. The reactive part of the radiation impedance describes the extra ...
... Figure 2: Developers of systematic design of ported boxes. As can be seen from figure 1, the resistive (real) part is very small at low frequencies. This is main reason why normal direct radiator loudspeakers are notoriously inefficient. The reactive part of the radiation impedance describes the extra ...
AP Instruments Model 200 0.01 Hz
... SAFETY WILL BE COMPROMISED AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE MAY OCCUR!!!. If it is necessary to make measurements on such systems then use an isolation transformer on the system and ground the system under test to an earth ground. See application notes for high common mode voltage measurement procedures. Workin ...
... SAFETY WILL BE COMPROMISED AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE MAY OCCUR!!!. If it is necessary to make measurements on such systems then use an isolation transformer on the system and ground the system under test to an earth ground. See application notes for high common mode voltage measurement procedures. Workin ...
Chapter 10: Passive Components
... bypassing. In smaller values, ceramic chip caps have an operating frequency range to 1 GHz. For these and other capacitors for high frequency applications, a useful value can be ensured by selecting a value which has a self-resonant frequency above the highest frequency of interest. All capacitors h ...
... bypassing. In smaller values, ceramic chip caps have an operating frequency range to 1 GHz. For these and other capacitors for high frequency applications, a useful value can be ensured by selecting a value which has a self-resonant frequency above the highest frequency of interest. All capacitors h ...
Varactor Topologies for Adaptivity with Improved Power Handling Linearity and
... will split almost equally over the individual diodes. However, at high power levels, the diode capacitances will be modulated by the RF signal, and the voltage distribution between the two diodes will not be exactly equal. In practice, this is not a problem, since the largest RF voltage will be acro ...
... will split almost equally over the individual diodes. However, at high power levels, the diode capacitances will be modulated by the RF signal, and the voltage distribution between the two diodes will not be exactly equal. In practice, this is not a problem, since the largest RF voltage will be acro ...
The negative dissipation factor and the interpretation of
... aging condition of HV insulations, particularly power transformers. Among aging parameters, water in the solid and liquid insulation is of high importance because of its detrimental effects: decrease in dielectric withstand strength, accelerated cellulose aging and the emission of bubbles at high te ...
... aging condition of HV insulations, particularly power transformers. Among aging parameters, water in the solid and liquid insulation is of high importance because of its detrimental effects: decrease in dielectric withstand strength, accelerated cellulose aging and the emission of bubbles at high te ...
crosstalk and reflections in high
... corresponding pulses V b2 and V j2. Simultaneously, Vf1 has also propagated to X2. Therefore, Vf1 and Vj2 exist at X2 at the same instant of time and add directly. This is a continuing process (at a incremental level) until Yin arrives and is absorbed at terminal r. Therefore, the induced voltage se ...
... corresponding pulses V b2 and V j2. Simultaneously, Vf1 has also propagated to X2. Therefore, Vf1 and Vj2 exist at X2 at the same instant of time and add directly. This is a continuing process (at a incremental level) until Yin arrives and is absorbed at terminal r. Therefore, the induced voltage se ...
Harmonic reduction methods
... of equal horsepower and load are phase shifted by feeding one AFD from a delta/wye transformer, and feeding the second through a delta/delta transformer or a line reactor of equivalent impedance, performance similar to 12-pulse may be achieved. The cancellation will degrade as the loads vary from AF ...
... of equal horsepower and load are phase shifted by feeding one AFD from a delta/wye transformer, and feeding the second through a delta/delta transformer or a line reactor of equivalent impedance, performance similar to 12-pulse may be achieved. The cancellation will degrade as the loads vary from AF ...
to notes16
... have current rating of CTp:CTs, where CTp is usually chosen as rated feeder current. The drop across the 1:1 isolation transformer, Vdrop, equals the drop across the LDC impedance R+jX. If R and X are chosen so that they are, in per-unit, equal to Rline+jXline in per-unit, then (Vsend-Vload)=Vdr ...
... have current rating of CTp:CTs, where CTp is usually chosen as rated feeder current. The drop across the 1:1 isolation transformer, Vdrop, equals the drop across the LDC impedance R+jX. If R and X are chosen so that they are, in per-unit, equal to Rline+jXline in per-unit, then (Vsend-Vload)=Vdr ...
EC2205
... amplifiers. Class B amplifier – efficiency - push-pull amplifier - distortion in amplifiers - complementarysymmetry (Class B) push-pull amplifier, Class C, Class D amplifier – Class S amplifier – MOSFET power amplifier, Thermal stability and heat sink. Objective: The aim of this course is to familia ...
... amplifiers. Class B amplifier – efficiency - push-pull amplifier - distortion in amplifiers - complementarysymmetry (Class B) push-pull amplifier, Class C, Class D amplifier – Class S amplifier – MOSFET power amplifier, Thermal stability and heat sink. Objective: The aim of this course is to familia ...
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM). Parameters
... this control are his simplicity and his absence of PWM. It is very difference, when we use VSI controlled by PWM applied to a PMSM, because in this case the values of stator winding resistance and directaxes impedance haven’t so big influence on the behavior of PMSM. When the impedance of circuit is ...
... this control are his simplicity and his absence of PWM. It is very difference, when we use VSI controlled by PWM applied to a PMSM, because in this case the values of stator winding resistance and directaxes impedance haven’t so big influence on the behavior of PMSM. When the impedance of circuit is ...
1. Introduction - About the journal
... is not suitable for low supply voltage operation. In order to lower the supply voltage, a folded topology has been proposed [7], [8]. The required supply voltage is reduced by one transistor compared with that of the cascade amplifiers. Unfortunately, the total current consumption of the CMOS LNA ma ...
... is not suitable for low supply voltage operation. In order to lower the supply voltage, a folded topology has been proposed [7], [8]. The required supply voltage is reduced by one transistor compared with that of the cascade amplifiers. Unfortunately, the total current consumption of the CMOS LNA ma ...
studies of imbalance difference theory in modeling
... of different cross sections. The current on each conductor, I1(z), and I2(z), are generally functions of position. At the interface where the two TLs connect, these currents are continuous. We label them I1 and I2 as shown in Fig. 1.1. Throughout this derivation, quantities that are functions of pos ...
... of different cross sections. The current on each conductor, I1(z), and I2(z), are generally functions of position. At the interface where the two TLs connect, these currents are continuous. We label them I1 and I2 as shown in Fig. 1.1. Throughout this derivation, quantities that are functions of pos ...
Nominal impedance
Nominal impedance in electrical engineering and audio engineering refers to the approximate designed impedance of an electrical circuit or device. The term is applied in a number of different fields, most often being encountered in respect of:The nominal value of the characteristic impedance of a cable or other form of transmission line.The nominal value of the input, output or image impedance of a port of a network, especially a network intended for use with a transmission line, such as filters, equalisers and amplifiers.The nominal value of the input impedance of a radio frequency antennaThe actual impedance may vary quite considerably from the nominal figure with changes in frequency. In the case of cables and other transmission lines, there is also variation along the length of the cable, if it is not properly terminated. It is usual practice to speak of nominal impedance as if it were a constant resistance, that is, it is invariant with frequency and has a zero reactive component, despite this often being far from the case. Depending on the field of application, nominal impedance is implicitly referring to a specific point on the frequency response of the circuit under consideration. This may be at low-frequency, mid-band or some other point and specific applications are discussed in the sections below.In most applications, there are a number of values of nominal impedance that are recognised as being standard. The nominal impedance of a component or circuit is often assigned one of these standard values, regardless of whether the measured impedance exactly corresponds to it. The item is assigned the nearest standard value.