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From the Nebo website: http://www.nebo.edu/misc
From the Nebo website: http://www.nebo.edu/misc

... Wind and water break down the earth Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers Layers are formed and build up Pressure and time turn the layers to rock ...
Plate Boundaries - CoconinoHighSchool
Plate Boundaries - CoconinoHighSchool

... zones defined by their chemical composition—the crust, mantle, and core. Density estimates for the layers of the earth (in grams per cubic centimeter): Continental Crust: 2.7 to 3.0 Oceanic Crust: 3.0 to 3.3 Mantle (silicates): 3.3 to 5.7 (increasing with depth?) Outer Core (liquid): 9.9 to 12.2 Inn ...
Plate tectonics chapter 4 test bank
Plate tectonics chapter 4 test bank

... ____ 30. The soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move is called the a. mesosphere. c. inner core. b. asthenosphere. d. outer core. ____ 31. The solid, dense center of our planet is called the a. mesosphere. c. inner core. b. asthenosphere. d. outer core. ____ 32. The liquid ...
PLATE TECTONICS: BIRTH OF A THEORY
PLATE TECTONICS: BIRTH OF A THEORY

... instruments that detect the magnetic field behind oceanographic research ships, scientists discovered striking patterns in the magnetic characteristics of the seafloor rocks. They found linear magnetic anomaly patterns that preserved evidence of the reversals of Earth’s magnetic polarity as well as ...
Unit 3 Rocks and Minerals
Unit 3 Rocks and Minerals

... Limestone – a rock formed from carbonated minerals, principally calcite but may also include dolomite. Organic limestones are formed from the calcareous skeletons of living organisms. Clastic limestones are those derived from preexisting calcareous rocks. Conglomerate - clastic sedimentary rock with ...
8 The dynamic Earth
8 The dynamic Earth

Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics

... Continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart. Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents ...
Archean
Archean

... – that are 3.8 billion years old – convince some investigators that organisms were present then ...
Finding Earthquake Epicenters - High School of Language and
Finding Earthquake Epicenters - High School of Language and

... Earthquake, how far apart are the P and S waves? 4. How far apart are they after 13 minutes? ...
Plate Tectonics: Have the Continents Really Moved Apart?
Plate Tectonics: Have the Continents Really Moved Apart?

... example, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific Rise), with new molten material from the earth’s mantle being added between them to form new oceanic crust. Transform faulting occurs where one plate is slipping horizontally past another (for example, the San Andreas Fault of California). Subduction ...
The Next Pangaea
The Next Pangaea

... to an end—in about 100 million years. That’s the theory put forth by Ross Mitchell, a geologist at Yale University, in a new study published in the journal Nature. In the early 1900s Alfred Wegener famously proposed the idea that Earth’s tectonic plates are slowly moving around the planet. About 300 ...
volcano magma dike sill lava plateau Ring of Fire hot spot divergent
volcano magma dike sill lava plateau Ring of Fire hot spot divergent

... Areas that remain in the same location causing magma to rise through the plate forming a series of volcanoes. ...
8 The dynamic Earth
8 The dynamic Earth

... Geologists of the 1800s believed that, as the Earth cooled, the crust began to shrink and wrinkle. They believed that the continents were the high parts of the wrinkles and that oceans covered the lower parts. During Comparing the Earth’s crust to the the late 1800s and early 1900s Questions about w ...
Plate Tectonics: The Mechanism
Plate Tectonics: The Mechanism

... generated during "reversed" polar orientation and the lighter stripes represent the polar orientation we have today. Notice that the patterns on either side of the line representing the mid-oceanic ridge are mirror images of one another. The shaded stripes also represent older and older rock as they ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... that are stiff and brittle. Earthquakes usually occur on pre-existing fracture surfaces, or faults. There are distinctive types of earthquakes that correlate nicely with motion at plate boundaries. ...
TB Chapter 13 - Discover Earth Science
TB Chapter 13 - Discover Earth Science

... Continental Drift • In 1915, German geologist and meteorologist, Alfred Wegener, first proposed the theory of continental drift, drift which states that parts of the Earth's crust slowlyy drift atop p a liquid q core • Wegener hypothesized that there was a gigantic supercontinent 200 MYA, which h na ...
MEET SOME ROCKS AND MINERALS
MEET SOME ROCKS AND MINERALS

... thousands of years! Slow cooling can give individual atoms time to “line up” and form definite patterns called crystalline structures. This allows large, beautiful crystals to form. Granite is an example of a rock with large crystals that grew slowly because of slow, steady cooling. When molten rock ...
PlateBoundaries_Background
PlateBoundaries_Background

... Earth is broken into various plates. These plates drift on the asthenosphere at very slow rates. As plates move away from each other the lithosphere thins and tears. At these divergent plate boundaries new oceanic lithosphere is created in the gaps from upwelling magma from the mantle. This upwellin ...
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Earth`s Atmosphere Lesson 4 Air
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Earth`s Atmosphere Lesson 4 Air

... •  The stratosphere extends from about 15 km to about 50 km above Earth’s surface. •  The area of the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone is referred to as the ozone layer. •  The presence of the ozone layer causes the stratospheric temperatures to ...
5 - Final Exam - Tse
5 - Final Exam - Tse

... 6. Which of the following is an example of parasitism? A. The red-billed oxpecker climbs over the skin of giraffes, searching for insects to eat. The giraffe is helped because the oxpecker takes away the irritating pests. B. The dodder is a plant that lives on other plants, getting nutrients from t ...
Bell Ringer Board
Bell Ringer Board

... Possible Answers: The plates collide; The happens to the lithospheric plates at these boundaries plates slide by each other; The plates that causes an earthquake. move; Faulting; The plates separate. ...
Petrogenesis of subvolcanic rocks from the Khunik prospecting area
Petrogenesis of subvolcanic rocks from the Khunik prospecting area

... The Khunik prospecting area is located 106 km south of Birjand in eastern Iran, and is considered as an epithermal gold prospecting area. The mineralization is related to subvolcanic rocks. There are several outcrops of subvolcanic intrusions in the area which intruded into Paleocene–Eocene volcanic ...
Paleo-structure of the Earth`s Mantle: Derivation from Fluid Dynamic
Paleo-structure of the Earth`s Mantle: Derivation from Fluid Dynamic

Pangaea CC Reading
Pangaea CC Reading

... difficult'to'ignore.'The'Eastern'coast'of'South' America'seems'to'fit'perfectly,'almost'like'a'puzzle,' into'the'Western'coast'of'Africa.'At'the'same'time,' North'America'can'be'rotated'slightly,'and'made'to' fit'comfortably'next'to'Europe,'and'Asia.'' These'clues'have'lead'geologists'and'other' sci ...
Pangaea CC Reading
Pangaea CC Reading

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Age of the Earth



The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.
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