Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action
... As lipophilic steroids, glucocorticoids are able to readily enter the cell by free diffusion across the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane into the cytoplasm to interact with the intracellular GR. Once inside the cell, the glucocorticoid molecule binds the GR and induces a poorly understood process ...
... As lipophilic steroids, glucocorticoids are able to readily enter the cell by free diffusion across the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane into the cytoplasm to interact with the intracellular GR. Once inside the cell, the glucocorticoid molecule binds the GR and induces a poorly understood process ...
ACTION POTENTIAL Action potential
... thereby opening the vesicles and dumping their neurotransmitter contents (each vesicle contains thousands molecules) into the synaptic cleft – exocytosis (active transport) • Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft (30-50 nm between pre- and post-synaptic membrane) and bind to r ...
... thereby opening the vesicles and dumping their neurotransmitter contents (each vesicle contains thousands molecules) into the synaptic cleft – exocytosis (active transport) • Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft (30-50 nm between pre- and post-synaptic membrane) and bind to r ...
91.510_ch8_part1
... Definition of a motif A motif (or fingerprint) is a short, conserved region of a protein. Its size is often 10 to 20 amino acids. Simple motifs include transmembrane domains and phosphorylation sites. These do not imply homology when found in a group of proteins. PROSITE (www.expasy.org/prosite) is ...
... Definition of a motif A motif (or fingerprint) is a short, conserved region of a protein. Its size is often 10 to 20 amino acids. Simple motifs include transmembrane domains and phosphorylation sites. These do not imply homology when found in a group of proteins. PROSITE (www.expasy.org/prosite) is ...
Structure and function of steroid receptor AF1 transactivation domains
... ligand-dependent transactivation domain, termed AF2 (activation function 2) [7]. High-resolution structures are available for both agonist- [8–13] and, in some cases, antagonist- [8,13,14] bound SHR-LBD (Figure 1). The core DBD is a highly conserved, defining feature of this family of transcription ...
... ligand-dependent transactivation domain, termed AF2 (activation function 2) [7]. High-resolution structures are available for both agonist- [8–13] and, in some cases, antagonist- [8,13,14] bound SHR-LBD (Figure 1). The core DBD is a highly conserved, defining feature of this family of transcription ...
Transcription factors
... requirement is to form the initiation complex • although other forms of regulation are important, the majority of regulatory events occur at the initiation of transcription – genes under common control share response elements (aka cis-acting elements, enhancers) • these sequences are presumed to be ...
... requirement is to form the initiation complex • although other forms of regulation are important, the majority of regulatory events occur at the initiation of transcription – genes under common control share response elements (aka cis-acting elements, enhancers) • these sequences are presumed to be ...
Pset 1 Solutions
... Which bond or interaction (choose from covalent, hydrogen, hydrophobic or ionic) is most likely to stabilize the lipid bilayer? The hydrophobic interactions between the nonpolar, hydrophobic fatty acid side-chains of these molecules allow them to assemble into a stable lipid bilayer. List the option ...
... Which bond or interaction (choose from covalent, hydrogen, hydrophobic or ionic) is most likely to stabilize the lipid bilayer? The hydrophobic interactions between the nonpolar, hydrophobic fatty acid side-chains of these molecules allow them to assemble into a stable lipid bilayer. List the option ...
Receptors and immune sensors: the complex entry path of human
... These data are consistent with the interpretation that HCMV is engaging cellular receptor(s) that activate signal transduction pathways culminating in the reprogramming of cellular transcription. EGFR is a HCMV receptor Wang and colleagues [6] recognized that many of the signaling pathways activated ...
... These data are consistent with the interpretation that HCMV is engaging cellular receptor(s) that activate signal transduction pathways culminating in the reprogramming of cellular transcription. EGFR is a HCMV receptor Wang and colleagues [6] recognized that many of the signaling pathways activated ...
Organization of the Kidney Proximal
... ability to attack peptides such as insulin B chain and glucagon, but not more highly structured proteins such as insulin, albumin or casein. The specificity shown by the endopeptidase is similar to that of the group of microbial neutral proteinases typified by thermolysin :the peptide bonds attacked ...
... ability to attack peptides such as insulin B chain and glucagon, but not more highly structured proteins such as insulin, albumin or casein. The specificity shown by the endopeptidase is similar to that of the group of microbial neutral proteinases typified by thermolysin :the peptide bonds attacked ...
Digestion of Proteins
... The plant starches amylopectin and amylose, which are present in grains, tubers, and vegetables, constitute approximately 50 to 60% of the carbohydrate calories consumed. These starches are polysaccharides, containing 10,000 to 1 million glucosyl units. ...
... The plant starches amylopectin and amylose, which are present in grains, tubers, and vegetables, constitute approximately 50 to 60% of the carbohydrate calories consumed. These starches are polysaccharides, containing 10,000 to 1 million glucosyl units. ...
SAM Teachers Guide - RI
... The focus of this activity is for students to understand the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. This activity is supported by many activities that deal with the attractions between atoms and molecules. First, Electrostatics focuses on the attraction of positive and n ...
... The focus of this activity is for students to understand the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. This activity is supported by many activities that deal with the attractions between atoms and molecules. First, Electrostatics focuses on the attraction of positive and n ...
Molecular Motors
... sites on actin and initiating contraction • Since troponin complex interacts only with every 7th actin, the conformational changes must be cooperative ...
... sites on actin and initiating contraction • Since troponin complex interacts only with every 7th actin, the conformational changes must be cooperative ...
MembraneStructure
... • It is also the basis for rejection of foreign cells by the immune system. • Cells recognize other cells by keying on surface molecules, often carbohydrates, on the plasma membrane. ...
... • It is also the basis for rejection of foreign cells by the immune system. • Cells recognize other cells by keying on surface molecules, often carbohydrates, on the plasma membrane. ...
Food Chemistry
... pH 7.5 at 25 °C for 10 min. After 10 min, the reaction was stopped by adding 20% TCA and centrifuged for 5 min at 10,000g. The amount of peptides released in 300-ll samples of supernatant from the reaction mixture in 96-well micro-plates was evaluated by reading the absorbance at 366 nm in a VersaMa ...
... pH 7.5 at 25 °C for 10 min. After 10 min, the reaction was stopped by adding 20% TCA and centrifuged for 5 min at 10,000g. The amount of peptides released in 300-ll samples of supernatant from the reaction mixture in 96-well micro-plates was evaluated by reading the absorbance at 366 nm in a VersaMa ...
Identification and characterization of heavy metal induced
... Chromi 10). Chromi 6 showed (43/48 aa) a homology to barley thaumatin-like protein TLP5 (AAW21725). Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are polypeptides of about 200 residues synthesized by plants in response to fungal infection (Brandazza et al., 2004). Heavy metals induction of thaumatin-like protein w ...
... Chromi 10). Chromi 6 showed (43/48 aa) a homology to barley thaumatin-like protein TLP5 (AAW21725). Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are polypeptides of about 200 residues synthesized by plants in response to fungal infection (Brandazza et al., 2004). Heavy metals induction of thaumatin-like protein w ...
Monomeric state and ligand binding of recombinant GABA transporter Xiao-Dan Li
... Proteins in this family are responsible for the uptake of various amino acids and related compounds. They are widely distributed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Many new APC proteins have recently been identi¢ed in newly sequenced genomes, making the amino acid/polyamine/organocation (APC) ...
... Proteins in this family are responsible for the uptake of various amino acids and related compounds. They are widely distributed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Many new APC proteins have recently been identi¢ed in newly sequenced genomes, making the amino acid/polyamine/organocation (APC) ...
Chapter Twelve Protein Synthesis: Translation of the
... endoplasmic reticulum; the Golgi apparatus then directs the finished protein to its final destination • factors such as heme groups may be attached • disulfide bonds may be formed • amino acids may be modified, as for example, conversion of proline to hydroxyproline • other covalent modifications; e ...
... endoplasmic reticulum; the Golgi apparatus then directs the finished protein to its final destination • factors such as heme groups may be attached • disulfide bonds may be formed • amino acids may be modified, as for example, conversion of proline to hydroxyproline • other covalent modifications; e ...
GABA RECEPTORS GABA RECEPTORS
... GABAC. The DNAs that encode these receptor proteins have now been identified, providing not only a facile means for their molecular characterisation but also a significant stimulus for our attempts to understand their physiological importance. The GABAA Receptors The GABAA receptors are widely distr ...
... GABAC. The DNAs that encode these receptor proteins have now been identified, providing not only a facile means for their molecular characterisation but also a significant stimulus for our attempts to understand their physiological importance. The GABAA Receptors The GABAA receptors are widely distr ...
Protein kinases - Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal
... 1906: Discovery of the first phosphorylated protein (Vitellin) by Phoebus A. Levene 1933: With Fritz Lipmann, Levene discovers a phosphoserine in the protein casein 1954: First description of a kinase activity on casein 1955: Fischer & Krebs and Sutherland demonstrate that conversion between phospho ...
... 1906: Discovery of the first phosphorylated protein (Vitellin) by Phoebus A. Levene 1933: With Fritz Lipmann, Levene discovers a phosphoserine in the protein casein 1954: First description of a kinase activity on casein 1955: Fischer & Krebs and Sutherland demonstrate that conversion between phospho ...
Characterization of interactions between LPS transport proteins of
... Although it has been known for some time that the cytoplasmic protein LptB belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily [13], the function of the IM transmembrane subunits LptF and LptG was only recently identified and they were shown to form the stable complex LptBFG in a subunit ratio of 2:1:1 [11]. ...
... Although it has been known for some time that the cytoplasmic protein LptB belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily [13], the function of the IM transmembrane subunits LptF and LptG was only recently identified and they were shown to form the stable complex LptBFG in a subunit ratio of 2:1:1 [11]. ...
Western blot, fehérjék elektroforézise, fehérjechip
... against pathogenic microorganism can be identified in blood. An infection state can be deducted from the increase or decrease of specific antibodies. The test sensitivity is high, ng amount can be measured. ...
... against pathogenic microorganism can be identified in blood. An infection state can be deducted from the increase or decrease of specific antibodies. The test sensitivity is high, ng amount can be measured. ...
26490 Demonstrate knowledge of the structure, properties
... before they can report credits from assessment against unit standards or deliver courses of study leading to that assessment. Industry Training Organisations must be granted consent to assess against standards by NZQA before they can register credits from assessment against unit standards. Providers ...
... before they can report credits from assessment against unit standards or deliver courses of study leading to that assessment. Industry Training Organisations must be granted consent to assess against standards by NZQA before they can register credits from assessment against unit standards. Providers ...
APOPTOSIS: An overview
... • A. PCD allows a constant selection for the fittest cell in a colony • Every cell carries the molecular machinery to do PCD! • Cells that are sensitive to extracellular signals will survive, cell that cannot compete with their more vital sisters will undergo apoptosis. ...
... • A. PCD allows a constant selection for the fittest cell in a colony • Every cell carries the molecular machinery to do PCD! • Cells that are sensitive to extracellular signals will survive, cell that cannot compete with their more vital sisters will undergo apoptosis. ...
1. Introduction Chemotaxis Chemotaxis is the net movement of a
... archaeal genomes [82]. However, over 80 percent of bacterial receptor sequences have no identifiable sensing domain suggesting these characterized protein domains are not detectable by available algorithms or are novel domains with unknown function [83, 84]. Due to gene duplication leading to overla ...
... archaeal genomes [82]. However, over 80 percent of bacterial receptor sequences have no identifiable sensing domain suggesting these characterized protein domains are not detectable by available algorithms or are novel domains with unknown function [83, 84]. Due to gene duplication leading to overla ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).