Protein Sorting to the Storage Vacuoles of Plants: A Critical Appraisal
... VSR-PS1 from peas does not possess a dileucine motif, it does have a tyrosine-based sorting motif, YMPL, and this has recently been shown to interact with mA-adaptin, one of the five m-adaptins from Arabidopsis (25). As this adaptin is part of an AP1-like complex and localizes to the TGN (25), it in ...
... VSR-PS1 from peas does not possess a dileucine motif, it does have a tyrosine-based sorting motif, YMPL, and this has recently been shown to interact with mA-adaptin, one of the five m-adaptins from Arabidopsis (25). As this adaptin is part of an AP1-like complex and localizes to the TGN (25), it in ...
Comparative study of pathogenesis-related protein - NOPR
... the homology was in the range 75.67 (AlPR5) to 91.92% (ZoPR5-1). However, the maximum homology for ZzPR5 (85.71%) was observed with ZzPR5-1 and the minimum with AlPR5 (66.21%). The different physical and chemical protein parameters for PR5 proteins were analysed using the Expasy Protparam tool13 and ...
... the homology was in the range 75.67 (AlPR5) to 91.92% (ZoPR5-1). However, the maximum homology for ZzPR5 (85.71%) was observed with ZzPR5-1 and the minimum with AlPR5 (66.21%). The different physical and chemical protein parameters for PR5 proteins were analysed using the Expasy Protparam tool13 and ...
Loss-of-Function Polymorphic Variants of the Human Angiotensin II
... the initiating methionine in the AT1 receptor cDNA), reported minor allele frequencies and had the following sources: documented variants, AT1-S6P [T16C; 0.13 (Rolfs et al., 1994)], AT1-G45R [G133A; 0.05 (Rolfs et al., 1994)], AT1F204S [T611C; 0.025 (Koshy et al., 2002; Anastasio et al., 2003)], and ...
... the initiating methionine in the AT1 receptor cDNA), reported minor allele frequencies and had the following sources: documented variants, AT1-S6P [T16C; 0.13 (Rolfs et al., 1994)], AT1-G45R [G133A; 0.05 (Rolfs et al., 1994)], AT1F204S [T611C; 0.025 (Koshy et al., 2002; Anastasio et al., 2003)], and ...
GrpL, a Grb2-related Adaptor Protein, Interacts with SLP-76 to
... One connection between the TCR and SLP-76 may be provided by Grb2 (24). The SH2 domain of Grb2 binds to both Shc and LAT/pp36/38, allowing Grb2 to be localized to the plasma membrane where most of the TCR-activated PTKs are (13, 14, 25). The SH3 domain(s) of Grb2 bind to Sos1 and Sos2 (GEF of the Ra ...
... One connection between the TCR and SLP-76 may be provided by Grb2 (24). The SH2 domain of Grb2 binds to both Shc and LAT/pp36/38, allowing Grb2 to be localized to the plasma membrane where most of the TCR-activated PTKs are (13, 14, 25). The SH3 domain(s) of Grb2 bind to Sos1 and Sos2 (GEF of the Ra ...
A Molecular Model of Agonist and Nonpeptide Antagonist Binding to
... direct structural information is available for GPCRs, and for many years, molecular models of these receptors have been built based on the crystal structure of bacteriorhodopsin. Although bacteriorhodopsin consists of the seven transmembrane helical domains by which GPCRs are characterized, it share ...
... direct structural information is available for GPCRs, and for many years, molecular models of these receptors have been built based on the crystal structure of bacteriorhodopsin. Although bacteriorhodopsin consists of the seven transmembrane helical domains by which GPCRs are characterized, it share ...
protein folding - Federation of American Societies for Experimental
... body pathway, the same interaction proceeds between intermediates, resulting in a polymeric aggregate (3, 62). [Redrawn from FASEB J. 10, ...
... body pathway, the same interaction proceeds between intermediates, resulting in a polymeric aggregate (3, 62). [Redrawn from FASEB J. 10, ...
Gunawardena, Shanti : Proteomics for the Discovery of Biomarkers and Diagnosis of Diseases
... using conventional techniques. As a result, the need for new molecular based classifications of some types of cancers (Alizadeh, Eisen et al. 2000; Sorlie, Perou et al. 2001) have been highlighted by these studies. If DNA microarrays are so good, do we need proteomics to diagnose diseases, and if so ...
... using conventional techniques. As a result, the need for new molecular based classifications of some types of cancers (Alizadeh, Eisen et al. 2000; Sorlie, Perou et al. 2001) have been highlighted by these studies. If DNA microarrays are so good, do we need proteomics to diagnose diseases, and if so ...
ERdj5, an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
... binding and release that are controlled by co-chaperone molecules of the DnaJ family. Because the intrinsic ATPase activity of Hsp70 proteins is weak (11), DnaJ molecules play a crucial role in catalyzing these reactions, stimulating the ATPase activity, and facilitating substrate binding (12, 13). ...
... binding and release that are controlled by co-chaperone molecules of the DnaJ family. Because the intrinsic ATPase activity of Hsp70 proteins is weak (11), DnaJ molecules play a crucial role in catalyzing these reactions, stimulating the ATPase activity, and facilitating substrate binding (12, 13). ...
Rampant Purifying Selection Conserves Positions with
... which have been implicated in a number of complex human diseases (e.g., Aly et al. 1992; Lu et al. 1999; Marquardt and Denecke 2003; Lemeer and Heck 2009). In phosphorylation, a negatively charged phosphate group is added by a kinase targeting serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) residues. To ...
... which have been implicated in a number of complex human diseases (e.g., Aly et al. 1992; Lu et al. 1999; Marquardt and Denecke 2003; Lemeer and Heck 2009). In phosphorylation, a negatively charged phosphate group is added by a kinase targeting serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) residues. To ...
Characterization of a AT-Bromoacetyl-L-Thyroxine Affinity
... cells, the affinity-labeled 55-kDa protein exhibits a T4dependent shift from a Triton X-100-soluble (membranes/cytosol) to a Triton X-100-insoluble pool (cytoskeleton), presumably due to an association with F-actin (17). Thus, the observation that the BrAcT4-labeled 55kDa protein (glial-p55) becomes ...
... cells, the affinity-labeled 55-kDa protein exhibits a T4dependent shift from a Triton X-100-soluble (membranes/cytosol) to a Triton X-100-insoluble pool (cytoskeleton), presumably due to an association with F-actin (17). Thus, the observation that the BrAcT4-labeled 55kDa protein (glial-p55) becomes ...
ap10 biology scoring guidelines - AP Central
... by which the hormone can alter activity in that target cell. Include in your discussion a description of reception, cellular transduction, and response. (4 points maximum) ...
... by which the hormone can alter activity in that target cell. Include in your discussion a description of reception, cellular transduction, and response. (4 points maximum) ...
Is β-pleated sheet the molecular conformation which dictates
... sequences can be assigned to the ‘hard’ group (Regier and Willis, unpublished observations). These sequences, from Anopheles, Bombyx, Locusta and Tenebrio, also have the same 25 identities, bringing the number of sequences in this ‘hard’ group to 15. The cuticular proteins from ‘soft’ cuticle are mo ...
... sequences can be assigned to the ‘hard’ group (Regier and Willis, unpublished observations). These sequences, from Anopheles, Bombyx, Locusta and Tenebrio, also have the same 25 identities, bringing the number of sequences in this ‘hard’ group to 15. The cuticular proteins from ‘soft’ cuticle are mo ...
Functional Conservation of Calreticulin in Euglena gracilis
... Ideal location for signal transduction pathways Converting one signal/stimulus into another Influences how cell can react and respond to environment. ...
... Ideal location for signal transduction pathways Converting one signal/stimulus into another Influences how cell can react and respond to environment. ...
Why to develop a model by using NTCC calculus?
... modeling and simulation in this field has the porpuse to help and guide the biologist in designing experiments and generally to establish a conceptual framework in which to think (Kitano et al, 2003). Using a Timed Concurrent Constraint Process Calculus for Modeling Biomolecular Interactions ...
... modeling and simulation in this field has the porpuse to help and guide the biologist in designing experiments and generally to establish a conceptual framework in which to think (Kitano et al, 2003). Using a Timed Concurrent Constraint Process Calculus for Modeling Biomolecular Interactions ...
Glucocorticoid Receptor Determinations in
... leads to an underestimation of the total number of binding sites present in the cell. To verify this, the number of GR sites per cell determined by whole-cell assay has been compared with the number of sites per cell obtained by cytosol assay. This latter parameter was calculated by dividing the fmo ...
... leads to an underestimation of the total number of binding sites present in the cell. To verify this, the number of GR sites per cell determined by whole-cell assay has been compared with the number of sites per cell obtained by cytosol assay. This latter parameter was calculated by dividing the fmo ...
Cholesterol Synthesis Regulation of cholesterol synthesis pathway
... • 3. LDL-cholesterol-ester complex is transported into liver cell by LDL receptor protein in liver cell membrane . • 4. LDL-chol.ester drops off LDL receptor protein and binds to cytoplasmic receptor protein. ...
... • 3. LDL-cholesterol-ester complex is transported into liver cell by LDL receptor protein in liver cell membrane . • 4. LDL-chol.ester drops off LDL receptor protein and binds to cytoplasmic receptor protein. ...
3040 - Zhang, Hongyu
... extracts the knowledge from the current protein structure database and then applies them in the building of the new loops; while the later usually uses some kinds of theoretical conformational search methods like Monte Carlo or Simulated Annealing method (Leach 1996) to build up the new loops. Ab in ...
... extracts the knowledge from the current protein structure database and then applies them in the building of the new loops; while the later usually uses some kinds of theoretical conformational search methods like Monte Carlo or Simulated Annealing method (Leach 1996) to build up the new loops. Ab in ...
2ABL
... an organization that guides our current understanding of their biological properties and evolutionary origins. Here, we reveal a structural organization distinct from this traditional hierarchy by statistical analysis of correlated evolution between amino acids. Applied to the S1A serine proteases, ...
... an organization that guides our current understanding of their biological properties and evolutionary origins. Here, we reveal a structural organization distinct from this traditional hierarchy by statistical analysis of correlated evolution between amino acids. Applied to the S1A serine proteases, ...
function finders
... -- Each P53 molecule has three regions: one binds to other P53 molecules, one switches genes on and one binds to DNA. -- P53 has several anti-cancer properties: it can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has been damaged; it can suspend cell division, allowing time for damaged DNA to be repaired; ...
... -- Each P53 molecule has three regions: one binds to other P53 molecules, one switches genes on and one binds to DNA. -- P53 has several anti-cancer properties: it can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has been damaged; it can suspend cell division, allowing time for damaged DNA to be repaired; ...
English
... are catalysts?” Water itself can break down proteins, but at such a slow rate that the body would not be able to absorb enough energy to carry out basic functions. Enzymes break long chains of proteins into smaller chains, which are in turn broken down into individual amino acids. These amino acids ...
... are catalysts?” Water itself can break down proteins, but at such a slow rate that the body would not be able to absorb enough energy to carry out basic functions. Enzymes break long chains of proteins into smaller chains, which are in turn broken down into individual amino acids. These amino acids ...
Ribosome locations
... and complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the primary site of biological protein synthesis (translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes consist of two major subunits—the small ribosomal subun ...
... and complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the primary site of biological protein synthesis (translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes consist of two major subunits—the small ribosomal subun ...
NIH Public Access
... input proteins do not exhibit a consistent correlation between the calculated conservation energy Ec and the experimentally determined stability ΔGu (Fig. 3b). This is presumably due to the fact that the contributions of individual sites to stability are not identical. As a consequence, a library pr ...
... input proteins do not exhibit a consistent correlation between the calculated conservation energy Ec and the experimentally determined stability ΔGu (Fig. 3b). This is presumably due to the fact that the contributions of individual sites to stability are not identical. As a consequence, a library pr ...
TOPIC: What Is The Best Diet For A Vegetarian Bodybuilder
... minerals for sustained good health. In addition As a vegan it would be wise to supplement with vitamin B-12, Calcium and Vitamin D, since for example Vitamin B-12, is only found in animal products so if you are lacto-ovo or pesco vegetarian you need not worry. Creatine. A substance that naturally oc ...
... minerals for sustained good health. In addition As a vegan it would be wise to supplement with vitamin B-12, Calcium and Vitamin D, since for example Vitamin B-12, is only found in animal products so if you are lacto-ovo or pesco vegetarian you need not worry. Creatine. A substance that naturally oc ...
Directed Evolution of ATP Binding Proteins from a Zinc Finger
... domain has been used to select affinity reagents to several protein targets [23, 24]. An alternative method, ribosome display, was used to evolve functional ankyrin repeats that could recognize maltose binding protein [25]. Yeast display has been used to optimize the function of an MHC class II mole ...
... domain has been used to select affinity reagents to several protein targets [23, 24]. An alternative method, ribosome display, was used to evolve functional ankyrin repeats that could recognize maltose binding protein [25]. Yeast display has been used to optimize the function of an MHC class II mole ...
Proteases: Hydrolysis of Peptide Bonds
... Cellular and physiologic functions: x Hydrolysis of peptide bonds in the thousands of proteins inside and outside cells: control the dynamics of protein turnover x Thermodynamics: Hydrolysis energetically favorable, Keq = 105. Therefore proteolysis is irreversible (proteases are irreversible biolo ...
... Cellular and physiologic functions: x Hydrolysis of peptide bonds in the thousands of proteins inside and outside cells: control the dynamics of protein turnover x Thermodynamics: Hydrolysis energetically favorable, Keq = 105. Therefore proteolysis is irreversible (proteases are irreversible biolo ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).