The scaffolding protein Cnk Interacts with Alk to Promote Visceral
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 12, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/099986. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 12, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/099986. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
EC 3.4.22.32 - Bio
... proteins to oligopeptides and amino acids. Bromelain's proteolytic enzymes are cysteine proteases. Cysteine proteases cleave peptide bonds by nucleophilic attack via active-site cysteine residues. Other members of the cysteine protease family, include calpains and caspases. ...
... proteins to oligopeptides and amino acids. Bromelain's proteolytic enzymes are cysteine proteases. Cysteine proteases cleave peptide bonds by nucleophilic attack via active-site cysteine residues. Other members of the cysteine protease family, include calpains and caspases. ...
Evidence for an apical Na–Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in
... respectively, would represent the existence of the two different cation–chloride cotransporters in tilapia MRCs – ‘freshwater-type’ (apically located ion-absorptive) and ‘seawater-type’ (basolaterally located ion-secretory). An electroneutral, diuretic-sensitive cation–chloride cotransport system wa ...
... respectively, would represent the existence of the two different cation–chloride cotransporters in tilapia MRCs – ‘freshwater-type’ (apically located ion-absorptive) and ‘seawater-type’ (basolaterally located ion-secretory). An electroneutral, diuretic-sensitive cation–chloride cotransport system wa ...
Calcium Oscillations and its Functional Significance in
... Regulation of gene expression. Kinetics of oscillatory [Ca2+]i signaling exhibit significant variation in patterns and mechanisms of recognition69,70. It has been suggested that calcium spiking behavior permits information to be encoded and detected over a much broader range of signaling levels than ...
... Regulation of gene expression. Kinetics of oscillatory [Ca2+]i signaling exhibit significant variation in patterns and mechanisms of recognition69,70. It has been suggested that calcium spiking behavior permits information to be encoded and detected over a much broader range of signaling levels than ...
Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in
... a central issue in plant carbon metabolism. Primary mechanisms for this regulation involve the capacity of invertases to alter sugar signals by producing glucose rather than UDPglucose, and thus also two-fold more hexoses than are produced by sucrose synthase. In addition, vacuolar sites of cleavage ...
... a central issue in plant carbon metabolism. Primary mechanisms for this regulation involve the capacity of invertases to alter sugar signals by producing glucose rather than UDPglucose, and thus also two-fold more hexoses than are produced by sucrose synthase. In addition, vacuolar sites of cleavage ...
Maternal mRNAs are regulated by diverse P body
... transcribed by early-stage germ nuclei and distribute throughout the gonad but are translated in very specific temporal and spatial patterns (Fig. 1 A). For example, mRNA for the Notch receptor GLP-1 is translated only in the distal gonad tip and anterior cells of the embryo, whereas mRNA for the li ...
... transcribed by early-stage germ nuclei and distribute throughout the gonad but are translated in very specific temporal and spatial patterns (Fig. 1 A). For example, mRNA for the Notch receptor GLP-1 is translated only in the distal gonad tip and anterior cells of the embryo, whereas mRNA for the li ...
Bioconjug. Chem. 2013, DOI: 10.1021/bc400032x
... of numerous antiviral compounds. This polymer was chosen since polycarbonates possess biodegradability, low toxicity, and tunable mechanical properties. Furthermore, they degrade into carbon dioxide and alcohol, which unlike the degradation products of more frequently used polymers like poly(L-lacti ...
... of numerous antiviral compounds. This polymer was chosen since polycarbonates possess biodegradability, low toxicity, and tunable mechanical properties. Furthermore, they degrade into carbon dioxide and alcohol, which unlike the degradation products of more frequently used polymers like poly(L-lacti ...
GDNF Content and NMJ Plasticity in Slow and Fast Twitch Myofibers
... insulin (Goldberg, 1967). Mechanical loading in skeletal muscle can induce increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which signals through the PI3K/Akt (serine/threonine kinase) pathway, leading to increases in protein synthesis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in vitro and in viv ...
... insulin (Goldberg, 1967). Mechanical loading in skeletal muscle can induce increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which signals through the PI3K/Akt (serine/threonine kinase) pathway, leading to increases in protein synthesis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in vitro and in viv ...
Retention in the Golgi apparatus and expression on the cell surface
... and its physiological function had remained unknown. Recently, we generated Cfr-deficient mice, and found that they died in the perinatal period and show growth retardation and skeletal phenotypes. Because these phenotypes were similar to those of Fgf18-deficient mice, we examined the interaction be ...
... and its physiological function had remained unknown. Recently, we generated Cfr-deficient mice, and found that they died in the perinatal period and show growth retardation and skeletal phenotypes. Because these phenotypes were similar to those of Fgf18-deficient mice, we examined the interaction be ...
Receptor-like activity evoked by extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... Extracellular ADP increases PM Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux conductance As Figure 2B shows, fast delivery of 0.3 mM extracellular ADP increased both inwardly- and outwardly-directed currents across the PM of a single protoplast, resulting in a positive shift of reversal potential (Erev) away from the ...
... Extracellular ADP increases PM Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux conductance As Figure 2B shows, fast delivery of 0.3 mM extracellular ADP increased both inwardly- and outwardly-directed currents across the PM of a single protoplast, resulting in a positive shift of reversal potential (Erev) away from the ...
PDF
... expression is maintained throughout embryonic development and persists in postnatal mice. We then generated two lines of Tie1 mutant mice: a hypomorphic allele, which has reduced expression of Tie1, and a conditional allele. Reduction of Tie1 levels resulted in abnormal lymphatic patterning and in d ...
... expression is maintained throughout embryonic development and persists in postnatal mice. We then generated two lines of Tie1 mutant mice: a hypomorphic allele, which has reduced expression of Tie1, and a conditional allele. Reduction of Tie1 levels resulted in abnormal lymphatic patterning and in d ...
as Hotspot Ca 2+ Signaling Units
... membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria [1]. The resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is maintained around the value of 100 nM, significantly lower than extracellular [Ca2+] (1 mM). This condition is achieved through active extrusion of Ca2+ by the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPas ...
... membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria [1]. The resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is maintained around the value of 100 nM, significantly lower than extracellular [Ca2+] (1 mM). This condition is achieved through active extrusion of Ca2+ by the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPas ...
Auxin coordinates cell division and cell fate specification during
... induce the expression of various mitotic cyclins: CYCA2;1, CYCA2;2, CYCB1;1, CYCB2;1, CYCB2;2 (Ferreira et al., 1994a; Ferreira et al., 1994b; Richard et al., 2001; Roudier et al., 2003) and CDKA;1 (Hemerly et al., 1995; John et al., 1993; Martinez et al., 1992; Richard et al., 2001). Furthermore, D ...
... induce the expression of various mitotic cyclins: CYCA2;1, CYCA2;2, CYCB1;1, CYCB2;1, CYCB2;2 (Ferreira et al., 1994a; Ferreira et al., 1994b; Richard et al., 2001; Roudier et al., 2003) and CDKA;1 (Hemerly et al., 1995; John et al., 1993; Martinez et al., 1992; Richard et al., 2001). Furthermore, D ...
Neurotransmitter signaling through heterotrimeric G
... conformation to bind Gβγ. Thus Gα serves as a molecular switch that alternates between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. Gβγ can only activate its effectors once it has dissociated from Gα. 1.3.5. State 5, inactivation of Gα via GTP hydrolysis, and reactivation via receptor ...
... conformation to bind Gβγ. Thus Gα serves as a molecular switch that alternates between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. Gβγ can only activate its effectors once it has dissociated from Gα. 1.3.5. State 5, inactivation of Gα via GTP hydrolysis, and reactivation via receptor ...
Golgins and GTPases, giving identity and structure to the Golgi
... but autoantibodies to them may well arise as a result of the breakdown of the Golgi during apoptosis and necrosis leading to the generation of multiple antigenic fragments from the repetitive coiled-coil domains [13]. More recently, several additional examples of coiled-coil proteins localizing to t ...
... but autoantibodies to them may well arise as a result of the breakdown of the Golgi during apoptosis and necrosis leading to the generation of multiple antigenic fragments from the repetitive coiled-coil domains [13]. More recently, several additional examples of coiled-coil proteins localizing to t ...
DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE Tbx5 is required for forelimb bud
... genetically inactivated the gene in the limb buds by generating mice carrying the Tbx5 conditional allele, Tbx5lox/lox (Bruneau et al., 2001) and a transgene that expresses Cre recombinase in the limb bud, Prx1Cre (Logan et al., 2002). Previous work using the Z/AP reporter indicated that the Prx1Cre ...
... genetically inactivated the gene in the limb buds by generating mice carrying the Tbx5 conditional allele, Tbx5lox/lox (Bruneau et al., 2001) and a transgene that expresses Cre recombinase in the limb bud, Prx1Cre (Logan et al., 2002). Previous work using the Z/AP reporter indicated that the Prx1Cre ...
USING ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) AS A SUBSTITUTE APPLICATIONS
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
... Osteoarthritis is the end result of damage to articular cartilage, which lacks the ability to self-repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage is a promising field of study that aims to promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro ...
Sanguinarine (Pseudochelerythrine) Is a Potent Inhibitor of NF
... different concentrations of sanguinarine in vitro. EMSA (Fig. 3C) showed that sanguinarine at a concentration as high as 100 mM did not modify the ability of NF-kB to bind to the DNA. Inhibition of NF-kB Activation by Sanguinarine Is Not Cell Type Specific—We also examined the ability of sanguinarin ...
... different concentrations of sanguinarine in vitro. EMSA (Fig. 3C) showed that sanguinarine at a concentration as high as 100 mM did not modify the ability of NF-kB to bind to the DNA. Inhibition of NF-kB Activation by Sanguinarine Is Not Cell Type Specific—We also examined the ability of sanguinarin ...
Stimulation Do Not Alter TTP Function Protein Kinase and
... factor that binds to the cis-acting TNF-␣ 3⬘-UTR ARE, increasing the rate of mRNA turnover. Additionally, TTP regulates its expression in a posttranscriptional manner binding to an ARE (defined by nUAUUUAUn sequences) in its own 3⬘-UTR (6, 7). Although TTP is a phosphoprotein reported to be a substr ...
... factor that binds to the cis-acting TNF-␣ 3⬘-UTR ARE, increasing the rate of mRNA turnover. Additionally, TTP regulates its expression in a posttranscriptional manner binding to an ARE (defined by nUAUUUAUn sequences) in its own 3⬘-UTR (6, 7). Although TTP is a phosphoprotein reported to be a substr ...