Voltage-Controlled Oscillators and Frequency Dividers
... the poles of H(s) should be either real or complex conjugate pairs. In steady-state oscillation, all of the poles of H(s) are pushed to the left-hand side except that one dominant pair locates at the jω -axis [Fig. 5.1(b)]. The output in frequency domain can be represented as ...
... the poles of H(s) should be either real or complex conjugate pairs. In steady-state oscillation, all of the poles of H(s) are pushed to the left-hand side except that one dominant pair locates at the jω -axis [Fig. 5.1(b)]. The output in frequency domain can be represented as ...
M04D-2 Optimization of SiGe HBT VCOs for Wireless Applications
... noise factor F is dominated by the noise from the tail current source near even harmonics of the carrier frequency. In order to improve phase noise this contribution has to be minimized. An efficient way of doing this is to use a noise filtering technique [lo]. In Fig. 2 inductor L, and capacitor C, ...
... noise factor F is dominated by the noise from the tail current source near even harmonics of the carrier frequency. In order to improve phase noise this contribution has to be minimized. An efficient way of doing this is to use a noise filtering technique [lo]. In Fig. 2 inductor L, and capacitor C, ...
An Accurate Automatic Quality-Factor Tuning Scheme for Second
... Automatic frequency tuning schemes for LC filters have already been developed [3], [5], and [6]. They employ the same – filters [7]–[11]. A master filter in techniques used for a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) configuration is used to sense the oscillation frequency and a phase-locked loop (PLL ...
... Automatic frequency tuning schemes for LC filters have already been developed [3], [5], and [6]. They employ the same – filters [7]–[11]. A master filter in techniques used for a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) configuration is used to sense the oscillation frequency and a phase-locked loop (PLL ...
History of System Lightning Requirements
... controlled to be consistent with this level. The power associated with this level represents a threat to most electronic interface circuits and the impact on equipment practices will be significant. Additionally, the open circuit voltage associated with is within region where the withstand capabilit ...
... controlled to be consistent with this level. The power associated with this level represents a threat to most electronic interface circuits and the impact on equipment practices will be significant. Additionally, the open circuit voltage associated with is within region where the withstand capabilit ...
LIMITATIONS OF A STATIC VAr COMPENSATOR (SVC) WITH
... as active filter. Because the main difference between the cases i) and ii) lies in the pattern of the PWM of the switches, the voltage drop across the switches must “cause the generation” of the desired and useful current harmonics (opposed to a sinusoidal line current). In this case the converter p ...
... as active filter. Because the main difference between the cases i) and ii) lies in the pattern of the PWM of the switches, the voltage drop across the switches must “cause the generation” of the desired and useful current harmonics (opposed to a sinusoidal line current). In this case the converter p ...
Chirp spectrum
The spectrum of a chirp pulse describes its characteristics in terms of its frequency components. This frequency-domain representation is an alternative to the more familiar time-domain waveform, and the two versions are mathematically related by the Fourier transform. The spectrum is of particular interest when pulses are subject to signal processing. For example, when a chirp pulse is compressed by its matched filter, the resulting waveform contains not only a main narrow pulse but, also, a variety of unwanted artifacts many of which are directly attributable to features in the chirp's spectral characteristics. The simplest way to derive the spectrum of a chirp, now computers are widely available, is to sample the time-domain waveform at a frequency well above the Nyquist limit and call up an FFT algorithm to obtain the desired result. As this approach was not an option for the early designers, they resorted to analytic analysis, where possible, or to graphical or approximation methods, otherwise. These early methods still remain helpful, however, as they give additional insight into the behavior and properties of chirps.