the impact of globalization on welfare expenditures
... elections to win votes Ha controls for the effects of election years by an election dummy, where election year is coded as 1 and 0 otherwise. Last, EMU is expected to be negatively associated with welfare expenditures ...
... elections to win votes Ha controls for the effects of election years by an election dummy, where election year is coded as 1 and 0 otherwise. Last, EMU is expected to be negatively associated with welfare expenditures ...
grade 12 economics learner notes
... 3.3 The national budget is an instrument of the monetary policy. 3.4 South Africa uses a progressive tax system. 3.5 A Laffer curve is used to show the relationship between government revenue and tax rates. 3.6 Health gyms are charged an excise duty. 3.7 The main budget is presented in October each ...
... 3.3 The national budget is an instrument of the monetary policy. 3.4 South Africa uses a progressive tax system. 3.5 A Laffer curve is used to show the relationship between government revenue and tax rates. 3.6 Health gyms are charged an excise duty. 3.7 The main budget is presented in October each ...
THE VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM AND HYBRID SUCCESS
... Countries whose institutions are more mixed will perform less well. This paper challenges that assertion by focusing on Denmark—a country that has performed at least as well as many other advanced capitalist countries during the 1990s, including those that fit much more closely either the pure CME o ...
... Countries whose institutions are more mixed will perform less well. This paper challenges that assertion by focusing on Denmark—a country that has performed at least as well as many other advanced capitalist countries during the 1990s, including those that fit much more closely either the pure CME o ...
Social Theory and the Transformation of Capitalism in the Twentieth
... the State in the Twentieth Century. Main Trends in the World Series. New York: New York University Press, 1999. ...
... the State in the Twentieth Century. Main Trends in the World Series. New York: New York University Press, 1999. ...
–poverty Macro-econometric modelling for the Nigerian economy: A growth gap analysis ⁎
... 2. Theoretical analysis: growth and poverty The theoretical analysis presented in this section focus on the literature dealing with growth and pro-poor growth (poverty trap) theories. The last few decades have experienced resurgence in both the growth theory (development of the endogenous growth mod ...
... 2. Theoretical analysis: growth and poverty The theoretical analysis presented in this section focus on the literature dealing with growth and pro-poor growth (poverty trap) theories. The last few decades have experienced resurgence in both the growth theory (development of the endogenous growth mod ...
T B E –
... years ago, to adopt its own currency at values which have always been fixed and not permitted to float on the currency markets. Had the decision been taken at the beginning or early on to adopt the U.S. Dollar (for example) as the currency, or to allow the B. Dollar to float, exchange controls would ...
... years ago, to adopt its own currency at values which have always been fixed and not permitted to float on the currency markets. Had the decision been taken at the beginning or early on to adopt the U.S. Dollar (for example) as the currency, or to allow the B. Dollar to float, exchange controls would ...
View/Open
... Why should aid not work? First, in the early era of development aid many poorer countries were either socialist, or believed, as the West did, in the Keynesian view of government. In particular, it was argued that market economies largely failed to self-correct after changes in economic environment, ...
... Why should aid not work? First, in the early era of development aid many poorer countries were either socialist, or believed, as the West did, in the Keynesian view of government. In particular, it was argued that market economies largely failed to self-correct after changes in economic environment, ...
Economic Geography and Economic Performance in Australia
... taxes used to finance expenditure may affect GDP per capita. The OECD recognises that many components of public expenditure, such as health, education and infrastructure, are likely to be beneficial for GDP — at least up to a certain level. However, they also note that the taxes required to finance ...
... taxes used to finance expenditure may affect GDP per capita. The OECD recognises that many components of public expenditure, such as health, education and infrastructure, are likely to be beneficial for GDP — at least up to a certain level. However, they also note that the taxes required to finance ...
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP Department of Economic Planning and Development
... To provide a systematic approach for implementation, it is proposed for the PPP process to be integrated to the NDP. Proposals which have been submitted to DEPD for consideration to be developed through NDP would first need to be assessed on whether it would be more value to be ...
... To provide a systematic approach for implementation, it is proposed for the PPP process to be integrated to the NDP. Proposals which have been submitted to DEPD for consideration to be developed through NDP would first need to be assessed on whether it would be more value to be ...
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN
... aggregate or firm–level outcomes, or whether, if used as a left–hand side variable, the indicators are correlated with country characteristics, history, or institutions (Besley. 2015). The following literature review illustrates that the results of the studies are mixed. Djankov, McLiesh and Ramalho ...
... aggregate or firm–level outcomes, or whether, if used as a left–hand side variable, the indicators are correlated with country characteristics, history, or institutions (Besley. 2015). The following literature review illustrates that the results of the studies are mixed. Djankov, McLiesh and Ramalho ...
06 How Macroeconomics Lost Complexity Z1
... avoided this question with the quip that in the long run we are all dead. By this he meant that for policy purposes an equilibrium that would be achieved in a longer time period than the political system would allow was irrelevant. Keynes had great hopes for his book; as we said he saw it as revolut ...
... avoided this question with the quip that in the long run we are all dead. By this he meant that for policy purposes an equilibrium that would be achieved in a longer time period than the political system would allow was irrelevant. Keynes had great hopes for his book; as we said he saw it as revolut ...
Economic Freedom and Financial Development: International Evidence
... Lastly, the measure Private Credit equals the ratio of credits by financial intermediaries to the private sector by GDP. Unlike the other two measures, Private Credit isolates the role of the private sector. LLB refer to this measure as their “preferred” measure of financial intermediary developmen ...
... Lastly, the measure Private Credit equals the ratio of credits by financial intermediaries to the private sector by GDP. Unlike the other two measures, Private Credit isolates the role of the private sector. LLB refer to this measure as their “preferred” measure of financial intermediary developmen ...
MBA in Strategy and Procurement Management International
... understanding of economic change. •Also, impact of alternative path of China – communist rule maintained, gradual development of market sector and non-state businesses •‘Heterodox’ economists (e.g., Reinert, Chang, Stiglitz) had criticised the application of the WC in practice (Latin America in 1980 ...
... understanding of economic change. •Also, impact of alternative path of China – communist rule maintained, gradual development of market sector and non-state businesses •‘Heterodox’ economists (e.g., Reinert, Chang, Stiglitz) had criticised the application of the WC in practice (Latin America in 1980 ...
Econ_Chpt1_Sect3
... Smith argued that a nation’s wealth was the sum of what instead of who owned them? A. Laissez-Faire B. Goods Produced by Labor C. Invisible Hand Answer: B. Goods Produced by Labor Back to Questions ...
... Smith argued that a nation’s wealth was the sum of what instead of who owned them? A. Laissez-Faire B. Goods Produced by Labor C. Invisible Hand Answer: B. Goods Produced by Labor Back to Questions ...
the role of government, 1920-1940: monetary and
... “nightwatchman” who simply stands guard on the economy to protect life and property and provide those public goods that the private market fails to supply or supplies in inefficient quantities, such as fire and police protection, highway construction and maintenance, and public health services. Ther ...
... “nightwatchman” who simply stands guard on the economy to protect life and property and provide those public goods that the private market fails to supply or supplies in inefficient quantities, such as fire and police protection, highway construction and maintenance, and public health services. Ther ...
Nature and Scope of Public Finance
... today is not merely to maintain Peace and order rather the modern welfare govt also work for the economic devlopment, full employment , price stability ,eradication of poverty, etc. So owing to an increase in economic devlopment and social welfare activities , there has also been an increase in the ...
... today is not merely to maintain Peace and order rather the modern welfare govt also work for the economic devlopment, full employment , price stability ,eradication of poverty, etc. So owing to an increase in economic devlopment and social welfare activities , there has also been an increase in the ...
dasgupta
... Ajit K. Dasgupta, Gandhi's Economic Thought, London, Routledge, 1996; ix + 208 pp. Dasgupta covers a wide range of topics on Gandhian economics. The chapters on Gandhi's views on preferences, utility and welfare, industrialization, economic inequality, education, and his theory of trusteeship are of ...
... Ajit K. Dasgupta, Gandhi's Economic Thought, London, Routledge, 1996; ix + 208 pp. Dasgupta covers a wide range of topics on Gandhian economics. The chapters on Gandhi's views on preferences, utility and welfare, industrialization, economic inequality, education, and his theory of trusteeship are of ...
NOTAS23ING_en.pdf
... productive apparatus” and their weak impacts on competitiveness, except in Mexico and countries within the Caribbean basin. A special chapter within the report focuses on Argentina, which was one of the countries that attracted the most FDI during the 1990s, but saw inflows of FDI fall from US$11,66 ...
... productive apparatus” and their weak impacts on competitiveness, except in Mexico and countries within the Caribbean basin. A special chapter within the report focuses on Argentina, which was one of the countries that attracted the most FDI during the 1990s, but saw inflows of FDI fall from US$11,66 ...
S17-kutluturk JULY 2014.qxd
... less industrialized countries. Deep inequalities in wealth accumulation weaken democratic political structures (Dahl, 1971). Furthermore, inequality has been elaborated as necessary for wealth accumulation, and also it is supposed that inequality boosts individual motivation to increase wealth (Adel ...
... less industrialized countries. Deep inequalities in wealth accumulation weaken democratic political structures (Dahl, 1971). Furthermore, inequality has been elaborated as necessary for wealth accumulation, and also it is supposed that inequality boosts individual motivation to increase wealth (Adel ...
The Government Spending Multiplier: Evidence from County Level
... consumption. An important determinate of the empirical multiplier is the treatment of the timing of the effect of government spending. Traditionally, the assumption has been that the effect of spending occurs in the quarter in which the spending occurs. Others, especially Ramey (2010) and Romer and ...
... consumption. An important determinate of the empirical multiplier is the treatment of the timing of the effect of government spending. Traditionally, the assumption has been that the effect of spending occurs in the quarter in which the spending occurs. Others, especially Ramey (2010) and Romer and ...
Preview Sample 1
... Explanation: Free market economy is a situation in which so many buyers and sellers exist that no single buyer or seller can individually influence market prices. In practice, no economy is truly a free-market economy. Diff: 1 AACSB: Application of knowledge Chapter LO: 2 Course LO: Compare and cont ...
... Explanation: Free market economy is a situation in which so many buyers and sellers exist that no single buyer or seller can individually influence market prices. In practice, no economy is truly a free-market economy. Diff: 1 AACSB: Application of knowledge Chapter LO: 2 Course LO: Compare and cont ...
Contents and summary observations
... following the signature of the Peace and Reconciliation Agreement in 2000 have in all likelihood contributed to the first signs of a recovery in the economy in 2001, with a growth rate of 2.1 per cent in real GDP. Burundi's economy nevertheless remains marked by the impact of the sociopolitical cris ...
... following the signature of the Peace and Reconciliation Agreement in 2000 have in all likelihood contributed to the first signs of a recovery in the economy in 2001, with a growth rate of 2.1 per cent in real GDP. Burundi's economy nevertheless remains marked by the impact of the sociopolitical cris ...
Another economic miracle? The German labor market and the Great
... through Germany’s exports to the United States and to other countries affected by the crisis, and c) through deteriorating expectations of individuals, households, and firms. In fact, the recession’s impact in Germany was almost exclusively based on declining exports, and it was located in the capit ...
... through Germany’s exports to the United States and to other countries affected by the crisis, and c) through deteriorating expectations of individuals, households, and firms. In fact, the recession’s impact in Germany was almost exclusively based on declining exports, and it was located in the capit ...
OSP9: Fiscal policy 1971-1979
... Fiscal stance 1974-79 Broadly, fiscal stance in this period was ‘neutral’, that is it neither served by itself to stimulate or to relax demand. To respond to the inflationary pressure induced by the oil shock, fiscal policy was tighter in 1974 and 1975. In March 1976 rising unemployment encouraged a ...
... Fiscal stance 1974-79 Broadly, fiscal stance in this period was ‘neutral’, that is it neither served by itself to stimulate or to relax demand. To respond to the inflationary pressure induced by the oil shock, fiscal policy was tighter in 1974 and 1975. In March 1976 rising unemployment encouraged a ...