Ester
... By hydrolyzing very complicated esters, we are able to make soap. The reaction with water is very slow, so it is rarely used. Instead, we use a dilute acid so the reaction will happen faster. ...
... By hydrolyzing very complicated esters, we are able to make soap. The reaction with water is very slow, so it is rarely used. Instead, we use a dilute acid so the reaction will happen faster. ...
2010 Chemistry Written examination 2
... • show all working in your answers to numerical questions. No marks will be given for an incorrect answer unless it is accompanied by details of the working. • make sure chemical equations are balanced and that the formulas for individual substances include an indication of state; for example, H2(g) ...
... • show all working in your answers to numerical questions. No marks will be given for an incorrect answer unless it is accompanied by details of the working. • make sure chemical equations are balanced and that the formulas for individual substances include an indication of state; for example, H2(g) ...
Phenomenological description of the transition state, and the bond
... structure represents a challenge of physical organic chemistry. The many efforts to achieve the latter have produced chemically useful descriptions of the TS, such as the one provided by Hammond and Leffler [17, 18]. Hammond postulated that two points on a reaction profile that are of similar energy ...
... structure represents a challenge of physical organic chemistry. The many efforts to achieve the latter have produced chemically useful descriptions of the TS, such as the one provided by Hammond and Leffler [17, 18]. Hammond postulated that two points on a reaction profile that are of similar energy ...
Electrochemical Preparation of Strong Bases Henning Lund
... with intermediate adsorbed hydrogen. Bases from acids with pKA-values up to 20 have been prepared by this method [2]. In organic chemistry even stronger bases are sometimes required for synthesis, and in such cases the anion of DMSO (“dimsyl”) may be employed. This reagent can be prepared by reactin ...
... with intermediate adsorbed hydrogen. Bases from acids with pKA-values up to 20 have been prepared by this method [2]. In organic chemistry even stronger bases are sometimes required for synthesis, and in such cases the anion of DMSO (“dimsyl”) may be employed. This reagent can be prepared by reactin ...
Chem Sheets to Memorize SOLUBILITY CHART
... *Please do all questions on a separate piece of paper. *You will need to be able to write molecular chemical reactions and do mole conversions to do these questions. 1. 30.5 g of sodium metal reacts with a solution of excess lithium bromide. How many grams of lithium metal are produced? 2. How many ...
... *Please do all questions on a separate piece of paper. *You will need to be able to write molecular chemical reactions and do mole conversions to do these questions. 1. 30.5 g of sodium metal reacts with a solution of excess lithium bromide. How many grams of lithium metal are produced? 2. How many ...
Chem Sheets to Memorize
... *Please do all questions on a separate piece of paper. *You will need to be able to write molecular chemical reactions and do mole conversions to do these questions. 1. 30.5 g of sodium metal reacts with a solution of excess lithium bromide. How many grams of lithium metal are produced? 2. How many ...
... *Please do all questions on a separate piece of paper. *You will need to be able to write molecular chemical reactions and do mole conversions to do these questions. 1. 30.5 g of sodium metal reacts with a solution of excess lithium bromide. How many grams of lithium metal are produced? 2. How many ...
Chem Sheets to Memorize
... *Please do all questions on a separate piece of paper. *You will need to be able to write molecular chemical reactions and do mole conversions to do these questions. 1. 30.5 g of sodium metal reacts with a solution of excess lithium bromide. How many grams of lithium metal are produced? 2. How many ...
... *Please do all questions on a separate piece of paper. *You will need to be able to write molecular chemical reactions and do mole conversions to do these questions. 1. 30.5 g of sodium metal reacts with a solution of excess lithium bromide. How many grams of lithium metal are produced? 2. How many ...
Alkenes Key features sp -hybridized carbons, 120 bond angles
... The halide ends up on the most substituted carbon. The H+ must have added to the less-substituted carbon of the C = C bond. Markovnikov’s Rule: The electrophile adds to C = C in a way that produces the most stable carbocation intermediate Markovnikov's Rule Restated: "The rich get richer rule" For e ...
... The halide ends up on the most substituted carbon. The H+ must have added to the less-substituted carbon of the C = C bond. Markovnikov’s Rule: The electrophile adds to C = C in a way that produces the most stable carbocation intermediate Markovnikov's Rule Restated: "The rich get richer rule" For e ...
AP Chemistry Review Preparing for the AP
... Give examples and solve calculation problems related to each of the three theories. Sketch a cathode ray tube as demonstrated in class and state how J.J. Thomson’s experiments led to the idea that atoms have positive and negative parts, the negative parts are all the same, and the negative parts ...
... Give examples and solve calculation problems related to each of the three theories. Sketch a cathode ray tube as demonstrated in class and state how J.J. Thomson’s experiments led to the idea that atoms have positive and negative parts, the negative parts are all the same, and the negative parts ...
Week 11 Problem Set (Solutions)
... If you did not generate the stereoisomers, you should at least write out the constitutional isomers (without stereochem) to help you visualize which isomer(s) would be appropriate for specific boxes. Looking at the top section, let’s start by filling in with what we know. Only two structures are pro ...
... If you did not generate the stereoisomers, you should at least write out the constitutional isomers (without stereochem) to help you visualize which isomer(s) would be appropriate for specific boxes. Looking at the top section, let’s start by filling in with what we know. Only two structures are pro ...
chapter 5 - chemical reactions
... Not balanced: C3H8(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g) (3C, 8H, 2O) (1C, 2H, 3O) Balanced eqn.: C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) (3C, 8H, 10 O) (3C, 8H, 10 O) How to write and balance equations? 1. All reactants and products of a reaction must be known before attempting to write an equation. 2. Identi ...
... Not balanced: C3H8(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g) (3C, 8H, 2O) (1C, 2H, 3O) Balanced eqn.: C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) (3C, 8H, 10 O) (3C, 8H, 10 O) How to write and balance equations? 1. All reactants and products of a reaction must be known before attempting to write an equation. 2. Identi ...
2848-R - Bulgarian Chemical Communications
... passing from benzene through acetonitrile to ethanol. The molar absorptivity in ethanol is between 12000 and 30000 L·mol–1·cm–1. The type of the substituent in p-position of the phenyl ring B has a strong influence on the energy of the longest wavelength absorption Frank-Condon transitions. A bathoc ...
... passing from benzene through acetonitrile to ethanol. The molar absorptivity in ethanol is between 12000 and 30000 L·mol–1·cm–1. The type of the substituent in p-position of the phenyl ring B has a strong influence on the energy of the longest wavelength absorption Frank-Condon transitions. A bathoc ...
C4 Waxes as Defoamers (Tom Attard)
... a local, renewable and low carbon feedstock. The biorefinery concept that has emerged is analogous to today’s petroleum refineries that convert the biomass into multiple value-added products including energy, chemical and materials.1 Extraction of valuable phytochemicals, prior to more destructive p ...
... a local, renewable and low carbon feedstock. The biorefinery concept that has emerged is analogous to today’s petroleum refineries that convert the biomass into multiple value-added products including energy, chemical and materials.1 Extraction of valuable phytochemicals, prior to more destructive p ...
Reductive etherification of substituted cyclohexanones with
... diisopropyl acetal was not observed in any reaction although this acetal can easily be prepared homogeneously.9 Steric strain might prevent its formation. It cannot be excluded, however, that formation of the diisopropyl acetal occurs in the zeolite supercages, from where it cannot escape. The role ...
... diisopropyl acetal was not observed in any reaction although this acetal can easily be prepared homogeneously.9 Steric strain might prevent its formation. It cannot be excluded, however, that formation of the diisopropyl acetal occurs in the zeolite supercages, from where it cannot escape. The role ...
CHEMISTRY 1000
... Any bond can be hydrogenated; however, C=O bonds are stronger than C=C, C=N, CC or CN bonds, so hydrogenation of a carbonyl requires a more powerful catalyst than Pd. Draw the major organic product of each hydrogenation reaction: H2 Pd/C ...
... Any bond can be hydrogenated; however, C=O bonds are stronger than C=C, C=N, CC or CN bonds, so hydrogenation of a carbonyl requires a more powerful catalyst than Pd. Draw the major organic product of each hydrogenation reaction: H2 Pd/C ...
U-6 Stoichiometry Notes
... Because we can literally measure out the moles of sodium by weighing it (one mole would have a mass of 22.99g) and we can measure out the moles of chlorine by volume (each mole of chlorine gas would have a volume of 22.4 L), we can literally put the reactants together in their proper proportions. Th ...
... Because we can literally measure out the moles of sodium by weighing it (one mole would have a mass of 22.99g) and we can measure out the moles of chlorine by volume (each mole of chlorine gas would have a volume of 22.4 L), we can literally put the reactants together in their proper proportions. Th ...
Electrons
... • Energy is the capacity to cause change • Potential energy is the energy that matter has because of its location or structure • The electrons of an atom differ in their amounts of potential energy • An electron’s state of potential energy is called its energy level, or electron shell ...
... • Energy is the capacity to cause change • Potential energy is the energy that matter has because of its location or structure • The electrons of an atom differ in their amounts of potential energy • An electron’s state of potential energy is called its energy level, or electron shell ...
AP Chemistry (Zumdahl) Chapter 1 Notes: Chemical Foundations
... 2. Look at the first digit to be eliminated when deciding whether to round. If it is: a. less than 5, the last significant digit is unchanged b. 5 or more, the last significant digit is increased by 1 1.6 Dimensional Analysis A. Conversion Factors have the effect of multiplying by one Conversion va ...
... 2. Look at the first digit to be eliminated when deciding whether to round. If it is: a. less than 5, the last significant digit is unchanged b. 5 or more, the last significant digit is increased by 1 1.6 Dimensional Analysis A. Conversion Factors have the effect of multiplying by one Conversion va ...