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reviews
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... Box 1 | Mutations in the cardiac RyR2 linked to exercise-induced sudden cardiac death Sudden cardiac death is associated with common cardiac diseases and conditions, most notably heart failure (roughly 50% of heart failure patients die from fatal ventricular arrhythmias). However, fatal arrhythmias ...
Pericardial disease
Pericardial disease

... Common etiologies includes radiation, TB…etc. Although many pericardial diseases can lead to constriction. Presents with R>L sided failure symptoms  Insidious symptoms at first, followed by dypsnea with exertion, orthopnea, edema…etc. ...
Pacemaker, ICD, and ICM Evaluations
Pacemaker, ICD, and ICM Evaluations

... procedure. In general, in-person device evaluations (CPT codes 93279-84, 93288-90) require "direct supervision" and remote device evaluations (CPT codes 93296, 93299) require "general supervision" by a physician. According to ...
Biventricular and atrial diastolic function assessment using
Biventricular and atrial diastolic function assessment using

Regulator of G Protein Signaling 6 Protects the Heart from Ischemic
Regulator of G Protein Signaling 6 Protects the Heart from Ischemic

... heart from ischemic injury (Waterson et al., 2011; Parra et al., 2014). However, it is unknown which RGS proteins modulate this cardiac response to ischemia. RGS6 is one of only a few RGS proteins that have been identified at the protein level in the ventricle (Stewart et al., 2012; Yang et al., 201 ...
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY and PACING
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY and PACING

... Comments, inquiries, and requests for bulk sales can be directed to the publisher at: [email protected]. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. All trademarks, service marks, and trade names u ...
Clinical Guideline
Clinical Guideline

... disabling comorbidity (Grade: strong recommendation; lowquality evidence). Recommendation 8: The organizations recommend that exercise stress with nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging should not be used as an initial test in low-risk patients who have an interpretable ECG and at least moderate physi ...
Valsartan, Captopril, or Both in Myocardial Infarction
Valsartan, Captopril, or Both in Myocardial Infarction

... There were two primary treatment comparisons: valsartan versus captopril, and valsartan plus captopril versus captopril. A two-sided significance level of 0.0253 (with Sidak's adjustment for multiple comparisons)15 was used for both comparisons. The trial was designed to enroll approximately 14,500 ...
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRODUCTORY E-LEARNING MODULE ON ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRODUCTORY E-LEARNING MODULE ON ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

... increasingly used by multiple clinicians due to its ease of use and the valuable information that can be obtained from it. As a result, echocardiography training has been incorporated into multiple postgraduate medical programs. In addition, there have been increasing attempts to incorporate this im ...
Atorvastatin Slows the Progression of Cardiac Remodeling
Atorvastatin Slows the Progression of Cardiac Remodeling

... C57BL/6J mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Physiological parameters were obtained by echocardiography or left ventricular (LV) catheterization, and morphological and molecular parameters of the heart were also examined. Furthermore, cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were studied to ...
Development of Digital Myocardial Phantom to Evaluate Software for
Development of Digital Myocardial Phantom to Evaluate Software for

... Background: Real cardiac phantoms are often used to assess the performance of software for gated single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) . However, these phantoms have disadvantages in that they are not very similar to actual hearts and setting a perfusion defect is not easy. To overcome t ...
Triumph of the trials
Triumph of the trials

... Atrial Fibrillation: Warfarin "I came away with the notion that A-Fib and coumadin are very good partners." Most strokes in AFFIRM occurred in patients who either stopped warfarin or had an INR below 2.0 ...
Negative Inotropic and Chronotropic Effects of Oxytocin
Negative Inotropic and Chronotropic Effects of Oxytocin

... inotropic and chronotropic effects of oxytocin were investigated in isolated dog right atria in the absence of central mechanisms. Perfusion of atria through the sinus node artery with 10⫺6 mol/L oxytocin over 5 minutes (8 mL/min) significantly decreased both beating rate (⫺14.7⫾4.9% of basal levels ...
PDF, 122KB - Queensland Courts
PDF, 122KB - Queensland Courts

... Mrs Fitter’s treatment during the course of the various medical procedures in Bundaberg and then at Holy Spirit (other than the PICC line insertion). Members of the family had some firm concerns regarding her treatment by nurses and doctors whilst an inpatient. There may be some issues concerning co ...
PowerPoint-Präsentation
PowerPoint-Präsentation

... - numerous programmable configurations - which can have an impact on shorter LV activation - which can result in better hemodynamics (A-VTI, dp/dt, TDI) ...
Cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine protects against
Cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine protects against

... blocker or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. For ethical reasons we could not change their prescription. Following a cross over protocol, each patient was his or her own control, which minimises the differences between patients’ prescriptions. Also, a major concern about this study was that t ...
biphasic defibrillation
biphasic defibrillation

... animal study of monophasic waveforms found that increased levels of delivered energy were associated with increased evidence of impaired ...
Multiple Variations of Coronary Arteries
Multiple Variations of Coronary Arteries

Cardiac Hypertrophy Is Associated With Decreased eNOS
Cardiac Hypertrophy Is Associated With Decreased eNOS

... generations. For the present study, male littermates with intact (Agtr2⫹/Y) or deleted (Agtr2-/Y) AT2 genes were used, which were derived from crosses of heterozygous female (Agtr2⫹/-) and wildtype male FVB/N mice.17 All animal procedures were approved by the responsible authorities of the Universit ...
A review of guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes
A review of guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes

... Strong, consistent positive evidence exists for exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with stable angina pectoris,7,10 myocardial infarction (MI)7,10,12 and coronary revascularisation.7,10 Cardiac rehabilitation is also recommended for patients who have undergone heart transplant13 or v ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... Effect of menstrual cycle on HRV The possible role of sex hormones on the ANS functions during the two phases of menstrual cycle has been suggested by Goldstein et al. [7] in 1983. The first clinical study supporting this hypothesis has been reported by Sato et al(1995) [8] who investigated the fluc ...
Ventricular tachycardia mapping and ablation in arrhythmogenic
Ventricular tachycardia mapping and ablation in arrhythmogenic

... detailed recording along the free wall adjacent to the annulus. Colored tags are placed on the electroanatomic map when fractionated signals and/or isolated late potentials are identified to keep track of their location[26,27]. Pacemapping is performed at sites of interest with late potentials and o ...
Coronary Sinus Atresia with Cardiac Veins Draining into Both the
Coronary Sinus Atresia with Cardiac Veins Draining into Both the

Echocardiographic left ventricular dimensions
Echocardiographic left ventricular dimensions

Tsuda, T. Pediatric Cardiologist and Associate Professor of
Tsuda, T. Pediatric Cardiologist and Associate Professor of

... insidious, and the degree of cyanosis is relatively mild. As these cases are usually not PDA-dependent, PGE1 infusion may not be beneficial unless there is an associated RVOT obstruction. Tricuspid atresia and Ebstein’s anomaly may present with a wide clinical spectrum depending upon the associated ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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