ESTROGEN SESSION - CONVERSATION ON HORMONES
... neurochemical/molecular markers for several brain systems. Prenatal marijuana (including human exposure) has been studied less thoroughly but also has effects which are sex-specific. The effects of drugs in general are not due to differential metabolism of the drug but rather to sex differences in t ...
... neurochemical/molecular markers for several brain systems. Prenatal marijuana (including human exposure) has been studied less thoroughly but also has effects which are sex-specific. The effects of drugs in general are not due to differential metabolism of the drug but rather to sex differences in t ...
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Metabolic control of puberty
... contentious for years. In fact, initial RT-PCR analyses detected the expression of leptin receptor mRNA in GnRH-producing GT1-7 cells (Magni et al., 1999), which might be suggestive of direct actions on GnRH neurons. Similarly, leptin was shown to elicit GnRH secretion in enzymatically-dispersed hyp ...
... contentious for years. In fact, initial RT-PCR analyses detected the expression of leptin receptor mRNA in GnRH-producing GT1-7 cells (Magni et al., 1999), which might be suggestive of direct actions on GnRH neurons. Similarly, leptin was shown to elicit GnRH secretion in enzymatically-dispersed hyp ...
Chapter 5
... 6. Describe the relationship of the hypothalamus to the secretion of hormones from the posterior pituitary gland. 7. Identify the site of release, stimulus for release, and the predominant action of the following hormones: epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, insulin, cortisol, aldosterone, thyrox ...
... 6. Describe the relationship of the hypothalamus to the secretion of hormones from the posterior pituitary gland. 7. Identify the site of release, stimulus for release, and the predominant action of the following hormones: epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, insulin, cortisol, aldosterone, thyrox ...
The Thyroid and Its Control
... sluggish response, indicating perhaps two levels of thyroid control in this situation, a rapid TSH response modulating a slower autoregulatory intrinsic control. Large doses of iodide will reduce the T:S[I-] acutely due to saturation of the iodide pump by its substrate (158). There is an associated ...
... sluggish response, indicating perhaps two levels of thyroid control in this situation, a rapid TSH response modulating a slower autoregulatory intrinsic control. Large doses of iodide will reduce the T:S[I-] acutely due to saturation of the iodide pump by its substrate (158). There is an associated ...
Smell Prism - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ
... Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamilies of OR, individual OSN express sing ...
... Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamilies of OR, individual OSN express sing ...
English - Hormone Health Network
... (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which regulate metabolism—how the body uses and stores energy. ...
... (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which regulate metabolism—how the body uses and stores energy. ...
Physiology of Ejaculation
... activation was found in the hypothalamus or preoptic area as has been reported in rat studies. Only the lateral central tegmental field (LCTF) and the SPFp were found to be activated in both humans and rats. Deactivation of the medial aspect of the amygdala was also noted during all aspects of sexua ...
... activation was found in the hypothalamus or preoptic area as has been reported in rat studies. Only the lateral central tegmental field (LCTF) and the SPFp were found to be activated in both humans and rats. Deactivation of the medial aspect of the amygdala was also noted during all aspects of sexua ...
puberty
... • prenatal and perinatal (exposure to exogenous sex steroids in intrauterine period; birth weight; perinatal asphyxia) • Concomitant illnesses, postnatal exposure to sex steroids • Time of first sign of puberty – Thelarche (galactorrhea) development of breast, testicles – Adrenarche/pubarche (body o ...
... • prenatal and perinatal (exposure to exogenous sex steroids in intrauterine period; birth weight; perinatal asphyxia) • Concomitant illnesses, postnatal exposure to sex steroids • Time of first sign of puberty – Thelarche (galactorrhea) development of breast, testicles – Adrenarche/pubarche (body o ...
PE1463/C: Dr Henry Lindner Letter of 7 March 2013 (356KB pdf)
... insomnia, hypoglycemia and cognitive dysfunction (“brain fog”). They are prone to allergies, environmental sensitivities, and autoimmune diseases. Symptoms wax and wane unpredictably. Women have lower cortisol levels and effects than men.39,40,41,42,43,44 Estrogen both lowers cortisol production an ...
... insomnia, hypoglycemia and cognitive dysfunction (“brain fog”). They are prone to allergies, environmental sensitivities, and autoimmune diseases. Symptoms wax and wane unpredictably. Women have lower cortisol levels and effects than men.39,40,41,42,43,44 Estrogen both lowers cortisol production an ...
Neuropathology of NFHgp160 Transgenic Mice
... mouse models carrying the HIV-1 env proteins gp 120 and gp 41 (gp 160) under the control of the human light neurofilament and murine heavy neurofilament promoters. To date, this is the first mouse model in which the HIV-1 env protein can be detected in neurons by immunohistochemistry. The expression ...
... mouse models carrying the HIV-1 env proteins gp 120 and gp 41 (gp 160) under the control of the human light neurofilament and murine heavy neurofilament promoters. To date, this is the first mouse model in which the HIV-1 env protein can be detected in neurons by immunohistochemistry. The expression ...
neurophysics.ucsd.edu
... actions are paced by separate rhythm generators (Figure 2C). During basal respiration, the slow breathing rhythm resets the faster vibrissa protraction rhythm, whereas vibrissa retraction is controlled by the breathing rhythm directly. These results suggest a hierarchical organization in which the b ...
... actions are paced by separate rhythm generators (Figure 2C). During basal respiration, the slow breathing rhythm resets the faster vibrissa protraction rhythm, whereas vibrissa retraction is controlled by the breathing rhythm directly. These results suggest a hierarchical organization in which the b ...
Human Skin: An Independent Peripheral Endocrine Organ
... low amounts of the intracellularly active metabolite alltrans retinoic acid (atRA) [27–29]. Eicosanoid synthesis can also be induced in human keratinocytes by several proinflammatory signals [30, 31]. ...
... low amounts of the intracellularly active metabolite alltrans retinoic acid (atRA) [27–29]. Eicosanoid synthesis can also be induced in human keratinocytes by several proinflammatory signals [30, 31]. ...
Neuroendocrinology of Amphibian Metamorphosis
... Das et al., 2006). The dependence of Dio2 expression on TH may vary among tissues. Tissues in which cell proliferation occurs as an early response to TH constitutively express relatively high levels of Dio2 (e.g., neurogenic zones of the brain and spinal cord, limb buds); whereas, in tissues that tr ...
... Das et al., 2006). The dependence of Dio2 expression on TH may vary among tissues. Tissues in which cell proliferation occurs as an early response to TH constitutively express relatively high levels of Dio2 (e.g., neurogenic zones of the brain and spinal cord, limb buds); whereas, in tissues that tr ...
effect of race, gender and age on thyroid and thyroid stimulating
... having molecular weight 28,000 a.m.u. The biological half-life of human TSH is about 60 minutes.1 The ...
... having molecular weight 28,000 a.m.u. The biological half-life of human TSH is about 60 minutes.1 The ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... the cerebrospinal fluid40 and in the number of hypocretin neurons,41,42 leading to the hypothesis that narcolepsy could be related to ongoing loss of hypocretin neurons.43 In the current models, the hypocretin/orexin system stabilizes the firing of brainstem neurons that control wakefulness and REM ...
... the cerebrospinal fluid40 and in the number of hypocretin neurons,41,42 leading to the hypothesis that narcolepsy could be related to ongoing loss of hypocretin neurons.43 In the current models, the hypocretin/orexin system stabilizes the firing of brainstem neurons that control wakefulness and REM ...
Obesity and Appetite Control
... [58]. While peripheral administration of GLP-1 in rats leads to increased c-fos expression in the ARC [28], intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration results in increased cfos expression in the PVN, NTS, and AP [59]. Ascending NTS-PVN projections contain GLP-1 [60] are implicated in controlling f ...
... [58]. While peripheral administration of GLP-1 in rats leads to increased c-fos expression in the ARC [28], intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration results in increased cfos expression in the PVN, NTS, and AP [59]. Ascending NTS-PVN projections contain GLP-1 [60] are implicated in controlling f ...
Deiodinases: implications of the local control of thyroid hormone
... Abnormalities in deiodinase activity are important in a number of clinical settings. The bestknown example is critical illness, during which changes in deiodinase activities are linked to complex alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism (16). Another common setting is patients being treated with am ...
... Abnormalities in deiodinase activity are important in a number of clinical settings. The bestknown example is critical illness, during which changes in deiodinase activities are linked to complex alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism (16). Another common setting is patients being treated with am ...
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland)
... Hypothyroidism may be difficult to detect because the vague symptoms, and signs are easily confused with other conditions, such as the natural ageing process, menopause or stress. Diagnosis depends on measurement of the level of TSH in the blood. A high level of TSH (over 10 mU/L), usually with a ...
... Hypothyroidism may be difficult to detect because the vague symptoms, and signs are easily confused with other conditions, such as the natural ageing process, menopause or stress. Diagnosis depends on measurement of the level of TSH in the blood. A high level of TSH (over 10 mU/L), usually with a ...
Chapter 2
... An understanding of the neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) requires an exploration of how the types of neurons, the microcircuitry, and the synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the n ...
... An understanding of the neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) requires an exploration of how the types of neurons, the microcircuitry, and the synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the n ...
Neuron-astrocyte coupling and its possible role in epilepsy
... Astrocytes and Neurons The prejudice that the relation between neuroglial fibers and neuronal cells is similar to the relation between connective tissue and muscle or gland cells, that is, a passive weft for merely filling and support (and in the best case, a gangue for taking nutritive juices), co ...
... Astrocytes and Neurons The prejudice that the relation between neuroglial fibers and neuronal cells is similar to the relation between connective tissue and muscle or gland cells, that is, a passive weft for merely filling and support (and in the best case, a gangue for taking nutritive juices), co ...
Chapter 11 The Endocrine System
... (hormones) into the blood • Hormones perform general functions of communication and control, but a slower, longer-lasting type of control than that provided by nerve impulses • Cells acted on by hormones are called target cells ...
... (hormones) into the blood • Hormones perform general functions of communication and control, but a slower, longer-lasting type of control than that provided by nerve impulses • Cells acted on by hormones are called target cells ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... Elspeth M. McLachlan, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute and the ...
... Elspeth M. McLachlan, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute and the ...
Endocrine System - Napa Valley College
... Note that the lipid soluble hormones will take longer to act than the water soluble hormones since they activate DNA transcription and translation to make a protein. ...
... Note that the lipid soluble hormones will take longer to act than the water soluble hormones since they activate DNA transcription and translation to make a protein. ...
Functional Specialization Within the Cat Red Nucleus
... Gibson. Functional specialization within the cat red nucleus. J Neurophysiol 87: 469 – 477, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00949.2000. Magnocellular (RNm) and parvicellular (RNp) divisions of the cat red nucleus (RN) project to the cervical spinal cord. RNp projects more heavily to upper cervical levels and RNm p ...
... Gibson. Functional specialization within the cat red nucleus. J Neurophysiol 87: 469 – 477, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00949.2000. Magnocellular (RNm) and parvicellular (RNp) divisions of the cat red nucleus (RN) project to the cervical spinal cord. RNp projects more heavily to upper cervical levels and RNm p ...
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus (from Greek ὑπό, ""under"" and θάλαμος, ""room, chamber"") is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus, just above the brainstem and is part of the limbic system. In the terminology of neuroanatomy, it forms the ventral part of the diencephalon. All vertebrate brains contain a hypothalamus. In humans, it is the size of an almond.The hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called releasing hormones or hypothalamic hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones.The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, important aspects of parenting and attachment behaviors, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.