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HUNGER: A CLOSER LOOK
HUNGER: A CLOSER LOOK

... Orexin (hypothalamus) – Decreases Ghrelin (stomach) – Decreases Cholecystokinin CCK (Intestines) secreted by the intestines; it promotes satiation and reduces or stops eating Increase ...
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... months prior to the study had been on medication known to affect pituitary-gonadal function were also excluded from the study. Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and idiopathic hirsutism are included in this study. PCOS was diagnosed by Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM consensus workshop definitio ...
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...  Released in response to ACTH, patterns of eating and activity, and stress  Prime metabolic effect is gluconeogenesis—formation of glucose from fats and proteins  Promotes rises in blood glucose, fatty acids, and ...
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... Histology of Adrenal Glands – Inner (reticular) zone • Cells form irregular, net-like pattern • Secrete some sex steroids in both sexes • More important in females – Affects female sex drive – Produces some estrogens ...
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... water reabsorption in the kidneys. It is also called vasopressin. The second hormone is oxytocin, which stimulates contractions in the muscles of the uterus during birth. Thyroid gland The thyroid gland lies against the pharynx at the base of the neck. It consists of two lateral lobes connected by a ...
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... be reemphasised on every clinic visit. Stress management: Relieving stress by adopting healthy lifestyle or by any other method including the traditional Indian methods is helpful. Oral drugs: Oral anti diabetic drugs (OADs) have no or very little role in Type -1 diabetes. They can be initiated at t ...
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... a. It also stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland under certain conditions. b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus regulates the release of TSH. c. Cold and emotional stress also influence the amount of TSH released. 5. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls the secretion of ...
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... The hypothalamus then detects the rising hormone levels from the target organ and decreases the release of hormones from the pituitary which results in a decrease in hormone release from the target organ. The process of maintaining normal body function through negative feedback mechanisms is called ...
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Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism, or androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens in the body and the associated effects of these excessive levels of androgens.Hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, it presents with symptoms such as acne and seborrhea, is frequent in adolescent girls and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles. In most instances, these symptoms are transient and reflect only the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during the first years following menarche. Approximately three-quarters of patients with PCOS (by the diagnostic criteria of NIH/NICHD 1990) have evidence of hyperandrogenism, with free testosterone being the single most predictive marker with ~60% of patients demonstrating supranormal levels.Hyperandrogenism can also be the result of excessive production of adrenal or gonadal androgens by adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or hyperplasia, Leydig cell tumors in men, and arrhenoblastomas in women.In women, signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism frequently include acne, scalp hair loss (androgenic alopecia), excessive facial and body hair (hirsutism), atypically high libido, breast atrophy, and others. Collectively, these symptoms are described as virilization.Management of hyperandrogenism symptoms like androgenic alopecia, include the use of antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and flutamide.
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