Design and Analysis of a Dual Loop CDR using Maneatis Delay Cell
... the important architectures for realizing CDR circuits with a wide operating frequency range while at the same time providing low jitter. The symmetric load, self-biased Maneatis VCO proposed by [11, 12], is well known for its ability to mitigate power supply noise and for this reason and is widely ...
... the important architectures for realizing CDR circuits with a wide operating frequency range while at the same time providing low jitter. The symmetric load, self-biased Maneatis VCO proposed by [11, 12], is well known for its ability to mitigate power supply noise and for this reason and is widely ...
Monotonic, Inrush Current Limited Start-Up for
... Note that the soft-starting FET must be placed after the regulator’s minimum required output capacitance (COUT) in order to ensure that the regulator remains stable after being enabled. Also, there must be some capacitance, COUT2, after the switch that is at least an order of magnitude larger than C ...
... Note that the soft-starting FET must be placed after the regulator’s minimum required output capacitance (COUT) in order to ensure that the regulator remains stable after being enabled. Also, there must be some capacitance, COUT2, after the switch that is at least an order of magnitude larger than C ...
ELECTROTECHNOLOGY N3
... This book was written at the request of the publishers and colleagues in vocational training in the Department of Education and Culture and the Department of Education and Training. The contents of this book are of such a nature that it should be completed within eight to nine weeks. This was the ex ...
... This book was written at the request of the publishers and colleagues in vocational training in the Department of Education and Culture and the Department of Education and Training. The contents of this book are of such a nature that it should be completed within eight to nine weeks. This was the ex ...
Meter Design for Power Failure Events
... TERIDIAN’s demonstration code return to normal operation. Code should not reset or permanently disable metering due to a sag event, because this causes loss of revenue. In order for the code to recover, all the routines called from the interrupt that detects the sag event have to be reentrant. In pa ...
... TERIDIAN’s demonstration code return to normal operation. Code should not reset or permanently disable metering due to a sag event, because this causes loss of revenue. In order for the code to recover, all the routines called from the interrupt that detects the sag event have to be reentrant. In pa ...
IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
... design styles has got its on advantages and disadvantages. A wide range of classical full adder designs using dynamic and logic styles have been observed in literature, see Fig.1. One of such design is the conventional static CMOS structure Fig. 1(a) with pull-up and pull down transistors which prov ...
... design styles has got its on advantages and disadvantages. A wide range of classical full adder designs using dynamic and logic styles have been observed in literature, see Fig.1. One of such design is the conventional static CMOS structure Fig. 1(a) with pull-up and pull down transistors which prov ...
Earth fault relays with separate toroids Vigirex Merlin Gerin
... Vigirex relays can be set to obtain up to eight levels of discrimination, extending from the final outgoers up to the circuit breaker at the head of installation. I∆n/2 alarm threshold Vigirex type AP relays have an alarm threshold that warns of a non-critical degradation of the insulation, leaving ...
... Vigirex relays can be set to obtain up to eight levels of discrimination, extending from the final outgoers up to the circuit breaker at the head of installation. I∆n/2 alarm threshold Vigirex type AP relays have an alarm threshold that warns of a non-critical degradation of the insulation, leaving ...
LT3507
... and master oscillator. Each switching regulator will only begin to operate when its corresponding RUN pin reaches >1.25V. The master oscillator generates three clock signals, with the signal for Channel 1 out of phase by 180°. The three switchers are current mode regulators. Instead of directly modu ...
... and master oscillator. Each switching regulator will only begin to operate when its corresponding RUN pin reaches >1.25V. The master oscillator generates three clock signals, with the signal for Channel 1 out of phase by 180°. The three switchers are current mode regulators. Instead of directly modu ...
Appendix
... A minimum of 10 experiments from the following: 1. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem. 2. Verification of Superposition Theorem. 3. Verification of Norton’s Theorem 4. Verification of Kirchoff’s Law. 5. To measure the value of impedance and power factor in RLC series A.C. circuit. 6. To measure the ...
... A minimum of 10 experiments from the following: 1. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem. 2. Verification of Superposition Theorem. 3. Verification of Norton’s Theorem 4. Verification of Kirchoff’s Law. 5. To measure the value of impedance and power factor in RLC series A.C. circuit. 6. To measure the ...
An integrated heterojunction bipolar transistor cascode opto
... The intrinsic down-conversion gain for an intermediate frequency (IF) of 0.5 GHz of the cascode pair mixer and the single HBT mixer at RF frequencies of 3 and 9.5 GHz is plotted in Fig. 5 as a function of the base–emitter voltage. The LO power was adjusted for optimum performance at an optimum value ...
... The intrinsic down-conversion gain for an intermediate frequency (IF) of 0.5 GHz of the cascode pair mixer and the single HBT mixer at RF frequencies of 3 and 9.5 GHz is plotted in Fig. 5 as a function of the base–emitter voltage. The LO power was adjusted for optimum performance at an optimum value ...
a single –phase boost rectifier system for wide range of load variations
... ig ≠ Ig, the different current (Ig-ig) will flow momentarily through SA. This can cause over-voltage across SA, which can damage the switch. In order to avoid this situation, we proposed two anti-parallel thyristors, each conducting during one half-cycle of the switching frequency current components ...
... ig ≠ Ig, the different current (Ig-ig) will flow momentarily through SA. This can cause over-voltage across SA, which can damage the switch. In order to avoid this situation, we proposed two anti-parallel thyristors, each conducting during one half-cycle of the switching frequency current components ...
APP014 - 3 Phase 2 Wattmeter Explained
... because although current will be flowing the voltage would be zero. As we know the LineLine voltage is 3 x Line-Neutral Voltage, even before performing some calculations it may be apparent that the power in the 3rd phase may indeed be included in a 2 wattmeter measurement as we are now measuring Lin ...
... because although current will be flowing the voltage would be zero. As we know the LineLine voltage is 3 x Line-Neutral Voltage, even before performing some calculations it may be apparent that the power in the 3rd phase may indeed be included in a 2 wattmeter measurement as we are now measuring Lin ...
Chapter 8 Power Supplies
... • An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides protection against a power dip or power outage – Contains a battery that provides continuous AC power – Provides surge protection and power conditioning • Constantly charges battery—provides protection against power sags (brownouts) and total loss of ...
... • An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides protection against a power dip or power outage – Contains a battery that provides continuous AC power – Provides surge protection and power conditioning • Constantly charges battery—provides protection against power sags (brownouts) and total loss of ...
Chapter 8 Power Supplies
... • An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides protection against a power dip or power outage – Contains a battery that provides continuous AC power – Provides surge protection and power conditioning • Constantly charges battery—provides protection against power sags (brownouts) and total loss of ...
... • An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides protection against a power dip or power outage – Contains a battery that provides continuous AC power – Provides surge protection and power conditioning • Constantly charges battery—provides protection against power sags (brownouts) and total loss of ...
GT1000 Multi Chemistry Charger
... Batteries without requiring any adapters. Also supports Revolectrix SPA and MPA Safe Parallel Adapters; the industry's safest methods for parallel charging multiple, same-cellcount packs. These items are peripheral products, available separately or as part of Combo packages, not included as a part o ...
... Batteries without requiring any adapters. Also supports Revolectrix SPA and MPA Safe Parallel Adapters; the industry's safest methods for parallel charging multiple, same-cellcount packs. These items are peripheral products, available separately or as part of Combo packages, not included as a part o ...
View - The IJST
... generates very high common mode voltage and high frequency noise. So we need voltage dividers and low pass filters to reduce the common mode voltage and smooth the high frequency noise, For instance, if the dc bus voltage is 300 V, the potential of the neutral point can vary from zero to 300 V. The ...
... generates very high common mode voltage and high frequency noise. So we need voltage dividers and low pass filters to reduce the common mode voltage and smooth the high frequency noise, For instance, if the dc bus voltage is 300 V, the potential of the neutral point can vary from zero to 300 V. The ...
NCP1251 - ONSemi
... NCP120X series success, the NCP1251 packs all the necessary components normally needed in today modern power supply designs, bringing several enhancements such as a non−dissipative OPP. • Current−mode operation with internal ramp compensation: Implementing peak current mode control at a fixed 65 kHz ...
... NCP120X series success, the NCP1251 packs all the necessary components normally needed in today modern power supply designs, bringing several enhancements such as a non−dissipative OPP. • Current−mode operation with internal ramp compensation: Implementing peak current mode control at a fixed 65 kHz ...
Accurate Fault Location Algorithm on Power Transmission Lines
... line. Such a technique [2] is simple and does not require communication means with the remote end. Therefore, it is attractive and is commonly incorporated into the microprocessor-based protective relays. However, it is subject to several sources of error, such as the reactance effect, the line shun ...
... line. Such a technique [2] is simple and does not require communication means with the remote end. Therefore, it is attractive and is commonly incorporated into the microprocessor-based protective relays. However, it is subject to several sources of error, such as the reactance effect, the line shun ...
Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of energy engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric power and the electrical devices connected to such systems including generators, motors and transformers. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. It was a subfield of electrical engineering before the emergence of energy engineering.Electricity became a subject of scientific interest in the late 17th century with the work of William Gilbert. Over the next two centuries a number of important discoveries were made including the incandescent light bulb and the voltaic pile. Probably the greatest discovery with respect to power engineering came from Michael Faraday who in 1831 discovered that a change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force in a loop of wire—a principle known as electromagnetic induction that helps explain how generators and transformers work.In 1881 two electricians built the world's first power station at Godalming in England. The station employed two waterwheels to produce an alternating current that was used to supply seven Siemens arc lamps at 250 volts and thirty-four incandescent lamps at 40 volts. However supply was intermittent and in 1882 Thomas Edison and his company, The Edison Electric Light Company, developed the first steam-powered electric power station on Pearl Street in New York City. The Pearl Street Station consisted of several generators and initially powered around 3,000 lamps for 59 customers. The power station used direct current and operated at a single voltage. Since the direct current power could not be easily transformed to the higher voltages necessary to minimise power loss during transmission, the possible distance between the generators and load was limited to around half-a-mile (800 m).That same year in London Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs demonstrated the first transformer suitable for use in a real power system. The practical value of Gaulard and Gibbs' transformer was demonstrated in 1884 at Turin where the transformer was used to light up forty kilometres (25 miles) of railway from a single alternating current generator. Despite the success of the system, the pair made some fundamental mistakes. Perhaps the most serious was connecting the primaries of the transformers in series so that switching one lamp on or off would affect other lamps further down the line. Following the demonstration George Westinghouse, an American entrepreneur, imported a number of the transformers along with a Siemens generator and set his engineers to experimenting with them in the hopes of improving them for use in a commercial power system.One of Westinghouse's engineers, William Stanley, recognised the problem with connecting transformers in series as opposed to parallel and also realised that making the iron core of a transformer a fully enclosed loop would improve the voltage regulation of the secondary winding. Using this knowledge he built a much improved alternating current power system at Great Barrington, Massachusetts in 1886. In 1885 the Italian physicist and electrical engineer Galileo Ferraris demonstrated an induction motor and in 1887 and 1888 the Serbian-American engineer Nikola Tesla filed a range of patents related to power systems including one for a practical two-phase induction motor which Westinghouse licensed for his AC system.By 1890 the power industry had flourished and power companies had built thousands of power systems (both direct and alternating current) in the United States and Europe – these networks were effectively dedicated to providing electric lighting. During this time a fierce rivalry in the US known as the ""War of Currents"" emerged between Edison and Westinghouse over which form of transmission (direct or alternating current) was superior. In 1891, Westinghouse installed the first major power system that was designed to drive an electric motor and not just provide electric lighting. The installation powered a 100 horsepower (75 kW) synchronous motor at Telluride, Colorado with the motor being started by a Tesla induction motor. On the other side of the Atlantic, Oskar von Miller built a 20 kV 176 km three-phase transmission line from Lauffen am Neckar to Frankfurt am Main for the Electrical Engineering Exhibition in Frankfurt. In 1895, after a protracted decision-making process, the Adams No. 1 generating station at Niagara Falls began transmitting three-phase alternating current power to Buffalo at 11 kV. Following completion of the Niagara Falls project, new power systems increasingly chose alternating current as opposed to direct current for electrical transmission.Although the 1880s and 1890s were seminal decades in the field, developments in power engineering continued throughout the 20th and 21st century. In 1936 the first commercial high-voltage direct current (HVDC) line using mercury-arc valves was built between Schenectady and Mechanicville, New York. HVDC had previously been achieved by installing direct current generators in series (a system known as the Thury system) although this suffered from serious reliability issues. In 1957 Siemens demonstrated the first solid-state rectifier (solid-state rectifiers are now the standard for HVDC systems) however it was not until the early 1970s that this technology was used in commercial power systems. In 1959 Westinghouse demonstrated the first circuit breaker that used SF6 as the interrupting medium. SF6 is a far superior dielectric to air and, in recent times, its use has been extended to produce far more compact switching equipment (known as switchgear) and transformers. Many important developments also came from extending innovations in the ICT field to the power engineering field. For example, the development of computers meant load flow studies could be run more efficiently allowing for much better planning of power systems. Advances in information technology and telecommunication also allowed for much better remote control of the power system's switchgear and generators.