PARATHYROID HORMONE
... responds to changes in ECF [Ca2+] A low ionized Ca2+ signal is transduced via a stimulatory Gs protein to adenyl cyclase The consequent increase in cAMP stimulate exocytosis of PTH – containing secretory granules. Calcium also modulates PTH synthesis and degradation within the glands ...
... responds to changes in ECF [Ca2+] A low ionized Ca2+ signal is transduced via a stimulatory Gs protein to adenyl cyclase The consequent increase in cAMP stimulate exocytosis of PTH – containing secretory granules. Calcium also modulates PTH synthesis and degradation within the glands ...
Andrew V. Schally - Nobel Lecture
... in vitro in picogram doses was demonstrated in the pituitaries of rats, sheep, and goats (24). In pituitary tissue cultures, TRH was shown to stimulate the synthesis as well as the release of TSH. A dose-response relationship, both in vivo and in vitro, was also demonstrated; i.e., increasing doses ...
... in vitro in picogram doses was demonstrated in the pituitaries of rats, sheep, and goats (24). In pituitary tissue cultures, TRH was shown to stimulate the synthesis as well as the release of TSH. A dose-response relationship, both in vivo and in vitro, was also demonstrated; i.e., increasing doses ...
BIOL 105 S 2011 Ch 10 Practice Midterm Exam 2 110429.1
... 48) Marissa has had her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium since she has lost her source of calcitonin. Does she need to worry about th ...
... 48) Marissa has had her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium since she has lost her source of calcitonin. Does she need to worry about th ...
doc PHGY311
... The target organ contains cells that express hormone-specific receptors and that show a biologic response upon hormone binding. Hormone Chemistry & Mechanisms of Action On the basis of their chemical structure, hormones can be classified into proteins (or peptides), steroids, and amino acid derivati ...
... The target organ contains cells that express hormone-specific receptors and that show a biologic response upon hormone binding. Hormone Chemistry & Mechanisms of Action On the basis of their chemical structure, hormones can be classified into proteins (or peptides), steroids, and amino acid derivati ...
abstracts - American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
... one with a concomitant splenectomy, while the third patient was treated with ketoconazole. Platelet counts normalized after resolution of the hypercortisolemic state in all 3 patients and were 210 (110K), 226 (116K), and 290K per cumm. The splenectomy specimen showed extra-medullary hematopoiesis. D ...
... one with a concomitant splenectomy, while the third patient was treated with ketoconazole. Platelet counts normalized after resolution of the hypercortisolemic state in all 3 patients and were 210 (110K), 226 (116K), and 290K per cumm. The splenectomy specimen showed extra-medullary hematopoiesis. D ...
Iodine Deficiency
... Dietary substances that interfere with thyroid metabolism can aggravate the effect of iodine deficiency, and they are termed goitrogens (35). Cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, turnips, and rapeseed, contain glucosinolates; their metabolites compete with iodine f ...
... Dietary substances that interfere with thyroid metabolism can aggravate the effect of iodine deficiency, and they are termed goitrogens (35). Cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, turnips, and rapeseed, contain glucosinolates; their metabolites compete with iodine f ...
abnormal-thyroid-hor.. - Thyroid Disease Manager
... caused in 4 by a single nucleotide substitution (TBG-CDP1, TBG-CDP2, CD5, TBGCDB and TBG-CDT2) or by a frame shift due to one nucleotide deletion (TBG-CDY, TBG-CDN, TBG-CDNi, TBG-CD6, CD-PL, TBG-CD7, TBG-CD8, and TBG-CDJ, TBG-CDPe) or deletion of 19 nucleotides (TBG-CDH). In 5 variants mutations occ ...
... caused in 4 by a single nucleotide substitution (TBG-CDP1, TBG-CDP2, CD5, TBGCDB and TBG-CDT2) or by a frame shift due to one nucleotide deletion (TBG-CDY, TBG-CDN, TBG-CDNi, TBG-CD6, CD-PL, TBG-CD7, TBG-CD8, and TBG-CDJ, TBG-CDPe) or deletion of 19 nucleotides (TBG-CDH). In 5 variants mutations occ ...
defects of thyroid hormone transport in serum
... caused in 4 by a single nucleotide substitution (TBG-CDP1, TBG-CDP2, CD5, TBGCDB and TBG-CDT2) or by a frame shift due to one nucleotide deletion (TBG-CDY, TBG-CDN, TBG-CDNi, TBG-CD6, CD-PL, TBG-CD7, TBG-CD8, and TBG-CDJ, TBG-CDPe) or deletion of 19 nucleotides (TBG-CDH). In 5 variants mutations occ ...
... caused in 4 by a single nucleotide substitution (TBG-CDP1, TBG-CDP2, CD5, TBGCDB and TBG-CDT2) or by a frame shift due to one nucleotide deletion (TBG-CDY, TBG-CDN, TBG-CDNi, TBG-CD6, CD-PL, TBG-CD7, TBG-CD8, and TBG-CDJ, TBG-CDPe) or deletion of 19 nucleotides (TBG-CDH). In 5 variants mutations occ ...
Clinical and Investigative Endocrinology and Diabetes
... Objective: Recognizing spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) as one of the signs of glucocorticoid excess. SEL is accumulation of excessive fat within the spinal epidural space, most commonly in the lumbar region, compressing the thecal sac, resulting in compressive symptoms. The most common cause being ...
... Objective: Recognizing spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) as one of the signs of glucocorticoid excess. SEL is accumulation of excessive fat within the spinal epidural space, most commonly in the lumbar region, compressing the thecal sac, resulting in compressive symptoms. The most common cause being ...
pituitary gland – an overview
... Increased vertical height Asymmetrical convexity of superior surface ...
... Increased vertical height Asymmetrical convexity of superior surface ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e
... 5) Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________. A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus E) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis Answer: B Page Re ...
... 5) Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________. A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus E) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis Answer: B Page Re ...
The Endocrine System
... What are the treatments? Vitamin D, calcium and parathormone Discuss complications of tetany. Respiratory death 4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system ...
... What are the treatments? Vitamin D, calcium and parathormone Discuss complications of tetany. Respiratory death 4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system ...
Associations of thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations with the
... characterize the most common type of thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism. There is a log-linear relationship between TSH and T4 concentrations, such that very small changes in T4 concentrations that move away from an individual’s set point lead to large reciprocal changes in TSH concentrations. This ...
... characterize the most common type of thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism. There is a log-linear relationship between TSH and T4 concentrations, such that very small changes in T4 concentrations that move away from an individual’s set point lead to large reciprocal changes in TSH concentrations. This ...
Thyroid hormones are direct modulators of human hair follicle
... Figure 1.3 The anagen VI HF and its associated structures ............................... 14 Figure 1.4 HF development and cycling ............................................................. 18 Figure 1.5 Hormonal controls of HF-cycling........................................................ 22 Fi ...
... Figure 1.3 The anagen VI HF and its associated structures ............................... 14 Figure 1.4 HF development and cycling ............................................................. 18 Figure 1.5 Hormonal controls of HF-cycling........................................................ 22 Fi ...
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Disorders of the Adrenal Glands: An
... producing lightheadedness. Nausea, sometimes with vomiting, and diarrhea are common. The muscles are weak and often go into spasm. There are often emotional changes, particularly irritability and depression. Because of salt loss, a craving for salty foods is common. Finally, the increase i ...
... producing lightheadedness. Nausea, sometimes with vomiting, and diarrhea are common. The muscles are weak and often go into spasm. There are often emotional changes, particularly irritability and depression. Because of salt loss, a craving for salty foods is common. Finally, the increase i ...
endocrine
... - too much T3 or T4 - overheating, excessive sweating, irritable, high BP, weight lose - Grave’s disease - autoimmune disease - antibodies made against TSH receptors on thyroid - Antibodies bind to receptors and activate them in the absence of TSH = hyperthyroidism -symptoms are puffing eyes, ...
... - too much T3 or T4 - overheating, excessive sweating, irritable, high BP, weight lose - Grave’s disease - autoimmune disease - antibodies made against TSH receptors on thyroid - Antibodies bind to receptors and activate them in the absence of TSH = hyperthyroidism -symptoms are puffing eyes, ...
SECTION 11 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Endocrine comes
... Endocrine comes from the word elements end/o which means inside, crin- which means to secrete, and the -e, which is a noun suffix. The hormones produced by the glands included in the endocrine system are released into the bloodstream which then carries these chemical messengers throughout the body. ...
... Endocrine comes from the word elements end/o which means inside, crin- which means to secrete, and the -e, which is a noun suffix. The hormones produced by the glands included in the endocrine system are released into the bloodstream which then carries these chemical messengers throughout the body. ...
The Sella and Parasellar Region
... • A large percentage of these (approximately 75%) are functioning and result in endocrine abnormalities. ...
... • A large percentage of these (approximately 75%) are functioning and result in endocrine abnormalities. ...
Pituitary gland information
... Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) is a disorder that involves the ‘sella turcica’ – a bony structure at the base of the brain that surrounds and protects the pituitary gland. ESS would show up on an MRI scan revealing a sella turcica that appears to be empty. There are two types of ESS: primary and seconda ...
... Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) is a disorder that involves the ‘sella turcica’ – a bony structure at the base of the brain that surrounds and protects the pituitary gland. ESS would show up on an MRI scan revealing a sella turcica that appears to be empty. There are two types of ESS: primary and seconda ...
Diseases of the Endocrine System
... – Just below the Adam’s apple, the protrusion formed by part of the larynx – The thyroid gland consists of follicles, microscopic sacs. Within these protein-containing follicles, the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, are made. Thin-walled capillaries run between the follicles in a po ...
... – Just below the Adam’s apple, the protrusion formed by part of the larynx – The thyroid gland consists of follicles, microscopic sacs. Within these protein-containing follicles, the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, are made. Thin-walled capillaries run between the follicles in a po ...
Chapter 11
... Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. ...
Hypothalamo-Pituitary Disorders
... new cases per million per year with a prevalence of approximately 40 per million. Overall mortality is twice normal but is reduced to near normal in patients treated so that their mean GH averages less than 5 mU/L (2.5 ng/ml). The major causes of death are cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebrovasc ...
... new cases per million per year with a prevalence of approximately 40 per million. Overall mortality is twice normal but is reduced to near normal in patients treated so that their mean GH averages less than 5 mU/L (2.5 ng/ml). The major causes of death are cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebrovasc ...
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism, also known as over active thyroid and hyperthyreosis, is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism. Some, however, use the terms interchangeably. Signs and symptoms vary between people and may include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat, diarrhea, enlargement of the thyroid, and weight loss. Symptoms are typically less in the old and during pregnancy. An uncommon complication is thyroid storm in which an event such as an infection results in worsening symptoms such as confusion and a high temperature and often results in death. The opposite is hypothyroidism, when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone.Graves' disease is the cause of about 50% to 80% of case of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Other causes include multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, inflammation of the thyroid, eating too much iodine, and too much synthetic thyroid hormone. A less common cause is a pituitary adenoma. The diagnosis may be suspected based on signs and symptoms and then confirmed with blood tests. Typically blood tests show a low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and raised T3 or T4. Radioiodine uptake by the thyroid, thyroid scan, and TSI antibodies may help determine the cause.Treatment depends partly on the cause and severity of disease. There are three main treatment options: radioiodine therapy, medications, and thyroid surgery. Radioiodine therapy involves taking iodine-131 by mouth which is then concentrated in and destroys the thyroid over weeks to months. The resulting hypothyroidism is treated with synthetic thyroid hormone. Medications such as beta blockers may control the symptoms and anti-thyroid medications such as methimazole may temporarily help people while other treatments are having effect. Surgery to remove the thyroid is another option. This may be used in those with very large thyroids or when cancer is a concern. In the United States hyperthyroidism affects about 1.2% of the population. It occurs between two and ten times more often in women. Onset is commonly between 20 and 50 years of age. Overall the disease is more common in those over the age of 60 years.