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Introduction to Neural Networks
Introduction to Neural Networks

...  For each hidden layer (from output to input):  For each unit in the layer determine how much it contributed to the errors in the previous layer.  Adapt the weight according to this contribution ...
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Machine Learning: Review
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Machine Learning: Review

... enables the machines to gain human like intelligence without explicit programming. However AI programs do the more interesting things such as web search or photo tagging or email anti-spam. So, machine learning was developed as a new capability for computers and today it touches many segments of ind ...
Learning Flexible Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition
Learning Flexible Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition

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BeadLoom Game: Effective Practices in Game Tutorial Systems
BeadLoom Game: Effective Practices in Game Tutorial Systems

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... instances into more general “statements” • Instead, the presented training data is simply stored and, when a new query instance is encountered, a set of similar, related instances is retrieved from memory and used to classify the new query instance • Hence, instance-based learners never form an expl ...
Coevolutionary Construction of Features for Transformation of
Coevolutionary Construction of Features for Transformation of

... seriously limit the performance of an intelligent agent, whereas a carefully designed one can significantly improve its operation. This principle affects in particular machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence dealing with automatic induction of knowledge from data (Langley, 1996; M ...
(AC) Mining for A Personnel Scheduling Problem
(AC) Mining for A Personnel Scheduling Problem

A Hierarchical Approach to Multimodal Classification
A Hierarchical Approach to Multimodal Classification

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Knowledge representations for
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Introduction: What is AI?

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Artificial Intelligence in der Finanzindustrie
Artificial Intelligence in der Finanzindustrie

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Machine Learning for Medical Diagnosis
Machine Learning for Medical Diagnosis

Experiments in UNIX Command Prediction
Experiments in UNIX Command Prediction

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... BECCA’s feature creation algorithm is an example of an unsupervised learning method, in that it learns a structure based only on the observed data. There are many other examples of algorithms that do this automatically, although none with the same properties as BECCA. Feature creation can be describ ...
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Probabilistic Models for Unsupervised Learning
Probabilistic Models for Unsupervised Learning

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Individual action and collective function: From sociology to multi

... ‘‘will’’ and apparently for its own ‘‘gain’’. But, together, a network of neurons accomplishes complex functions unknown to individual neurons. There is, clearly, a strong similarity there. However, when human actions are concerned, there is the issue of conscious intention of human actors, as well ...
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the Unit 3 study guide in PDF format.

... What is observational learning? What is a “model” in observational learning? What role can observational learning play in learning aggression? What did Bandura’s “Bobo doll” study demonstrate? Why is the relationship between media violence and aggression complex? What do we need to consider when int ...
Combining Rule Induction and Reinforcement Learning
Combining Rule Induction and Reinforcement Learning

Psychology 312-1 - Northwestern University
Psychology 312-1 - Northwestern University

... things that organisms do—including acting, thinking and feeling—can and should be regarded as behaviors.[1] The behaviorist school of thought maintains that behaviors as such can be described scientifically without recourse either to internal physiological events or to hypothetical constructs such a ...
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... Only cares about the total cost and does not care about the number of steps a path has. ...
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Machine learning



Machine learning is a subfield of computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence. Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data. Such algorithms operate by building a model from example inputs in order to make data-driven predictions or decisions, rather than following strictly static program instructions.Machine learning is closely related to and often overlaps with computational statistics; a discipline that also specializes in prediction-making. It has strong ties to mathematical optimization, which delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field. Machine learning is employed in a range of computing tasks where designing and programming explicit algorithms is infeasible. Example applications include spam filtering, optical character recognition (OCR), search engines and computer vision. Machine learning is sometimes conflated with data mining, although that focuses more on exploratory data analysis. Machine learning and pattern recognition ""can be viewed as two facets ofthe same field.""When employed in industrial contexts, machine learning methods may be referred to as predictive analytics or predictive modelling.
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