CHAPTER 11
... Gases produced in the laboratory are often collected over water, as shown in Figure 1.6. The gas produced by the reaction displaces the water, which is more dense, in the collection bottle. You need to apply Dalton’s law of partial pressures in calculating the pressures of gases collected in this wa ...
... Gases produced in the laboratory are often collected over water, as shown in Figure 1.6. The gas produced by the reaction displaces the water, which is more dense, in the collection bottle. You need to apply Dalton’s law of partial pressures in calculating the pressures of gases collected in this wa ...
Attosecond real time observation of ionization and electron
... control a variety of parameters of ultrashort laser pulses. The established techniques to adjust the spatial and temporal intensity pulse profile as well as the sweep of the carrier frequency (chirp) across the electric field inherently require diagnostic techniques for ultrashort pulses. Widely pro ...
... control a variety of parameters of ultrashort laser pulses. The established techniques to adjust the spatial and temporal intensity pulse profile as well as the sweep of the carrier frequency (chirp) across the electric field inherently require diagnostic techniques for ultrashort pulses. Widely pro ...
Heriot-Watt University Multi-millijoule few-cycle mid
... Uniformity of the compression. We have also studied the uniformity of the compression across the beam profile. It follows from our numerical calculations the central part of the beam self-compresses more as compared to the overall beam but with an overall variation of the pulse duration that is less ...
... Uniformity of the compression. We have also studied the uniformity of the compression across the beam profile. It follows from our numerical calculations the central part of the beam self-compresses more as compared to the overall beam but with an overall variation of the pulse duration that is less ...
PDF 170KB
... excitation of 2s or 2p levels, in which fundamental photons may be involved in addition to harmonic photons, also takes place. In fact, the 2s level is excited through two-color two-photon transition for the case of Fig. 1 at F 800 nm, as we will see below in Fig. 5, and about 8% of electron popu ...
... excitation of 2s or 2p levels, in which fundamental photons may be involved in addition to harmonic photons, also takes place. In fact, the 2s level is excited through two-color two-photon transition for the case of Fig. 1 at F 800 nm, as we will see below in Fig. 5, and about 8% of electron popu ...
Nonparaxial Mathieu and Weber Accelerating Beams Peng Zhang, Yi Hu, Tongcang Li,
... horizontal and vertical scales are identical in the figures. Clearly, the constructed MABs self-bend to large angles along elliptical trajectories in contrast to the trajectory of a circular NAB as shown in Fig. 1(e). Although the three beams at z ¼ 0 are quite similar in both real and Fourier space ...
... horizontal and vertical scales are identical in the figures. Clearly, the constructed MABs self-bend to large angles along elliptical trajectories in contrast to the trajectory of a circular NAB as shown in Fig. 1(e). Although the three beams at z ¼ 0 are quite similar in both real and Fourier space ...
Parallelized STED fluorescence nanoscopy
... asymmetry effects in connection with the random orientation of the molecules. Such effects can be avoided by providing a uniform distribution of polarization directions, e.g. circular polarization. The handedness of the circular polarization is unimportant. In addition, they do not need to be perfec ...
... asymmetry effects in connection with the random orientation of the molecules. Such effects can be avoided by providing a uniform distribution of polarization directions, e.g. circular polarization. The handedness of the circular polarization is unimportant. In addition, they do not need to be perfec ...
High resolution, high contrast, high focal depth nonlinear beams
... Conical waves are unique and peculiar wave packets, in which the energy flow is not directed along the beam axis, as in conventional waves. In contrast, here the energy arrives laterally, i.e., from a cone-shaped surface, leading to the appearance of a very intense and localized interference peak at ...
... Conical waves are unique and peculiar wave packets, in which the energy flow is not directed along the beam axis, as in conventional waves. In contrast, here the energy arrives laterally, i.e., from a cone-shaped surface, leading to the appearance of a very intense and localized interference peak at ...
The optics and performance of dual-focus fluorescence correlation
... 15 September 2008 / Vol. 16, No. 19 / OPTICS EXPRESS 14353 ...
... 15 September 2008 / Vol. 16, No. 19 / OPTICS EXPRESS 14353 ...
Untitled - X-Ray and Neutron Science
... the order of 10−10 m. High frequency X-ray photons penetrate most materials and interact with electrons, which allows them to unveil the previously unreachable atomic structures of the study materials. On the other hand, there is a distinct biological hazard originating from the careless use of X-ra ...
... the order of 10−10 m. High frequency X-ray photons penetrate most materials and interact with electrons, which allows them to unveil the previously unreachable atomic structures of the study materials. On the other hand, there is a distinct biological hazard originating from the careless use of X-ra ...
aa f - Freie Universität Berlin
... of a group of 6 (3 pairs) under the assistance of a tutor. Completion of introductory reports on the subject matter and physical background, presentation of the experimental findings with a summary and critical discussion of the results as an exercise in scientific writing. Introductory text books p ...
... of a group of 6 (3 pairs) under the assistance of a tutor. Completion of introductory reports on the subject matter and physical background, presentation of the experimental findings with a summary and critical discussion of the results as an exercise in scientific writing. Introductory text books p ...
Version A
... 52. When dilute nitric acid was added to a solution of one of the following chemicals, a gas was evolved, This gas turned a drop of limewater, Ca(OH)2, cloudy, due to the formation of a white precipitate. The chemical was ...
... 52. When dilute nitric acid was added to a solution of one of the following chemicals, a gas was evolved, This gas turned a drop of limewater, Ca(OH)2, cloudy, due to the formation of a white precipitate. The chemical was ...
Questa è la versione dell`autore dell`opera: [Chemical Reviews
... The first term is the electronic Zeeman operator (HEZ = βeS⋅g⋅B) which accounts for the interaction of the electron spin S with the external magnetic field B, βe being the Bohr magneton. The interaction is gauged by the g tensor, a 3x3 matrix which, in general, can be reduced to its diagonal form. I ...
... The first term is the electronic Zeeman operator (HEZ = βeS⋅g⋅B) which accounts for the interaction of the electron spin S with the external magnetic field B, βe being the Bohr magneton. The interaction is gauged by the g tensor, a 3x3 matrix which, in general, can be reduced to its diagonal form. I ...
Proteins in High Electric Fields - BYU ScholarsArchive
... Being able to control protein function directly and in real time is attractive. In this thesis, I discuss controlling protein activity using alternating current electric fields on the order of 1 MV/m. Since protein structures result in localized and/or protein-wide charge gradients, it is expected t ...
... Being able to control protein function directly and in real time is attractive. In this thesis, I discuss controlling protein activity using alternating current electric fields on the order of 1 MV/m. Since protein structures result in localized and/or protein-wide charge gradients, it is expected t ...
File
... photons generated by the injection current travel to the edge mirrors and are reflected back into the active area. • Photoelectron collisions take place and produce more photons, which continue to bounce back and forth between the two edge mirrors. • This process eventually increases the number of g ...
... photons generated by the injection current travel to the edge mirrors and are reflected back into the active area. • Photoelectron collisions take place and produce more photons, which continue to bounce back and forth between the two edge mirrors. • This process eventually increases the number of g ...
Effect of input pulse chirp on nonlinear energy deposition and
... Indeed, the range of parameters in the case D suggests it falls in the filamentation regime [51]. B. Influence of Input Pulse Chirp The effect of input pulse chirp, C ftp ∕tpl g2 − 11∕2 , was studied for Ein 5 μJ and wFWHM 7 mm, corresponding to the experimental conditions (the relatively w ...
... Indeed, the range of parameters in the case D suggests it falls in the filamentation regime [51]. B. Influence of Input Pulse Chirp The effect of input pulse chirp, C ftp ∕tpl g2 − 11∕2 , was studied for Ein 5 μJ and wFWHM 7 mm, corresponding to the experimental conditions (the relatively w ...
full text pdf
... Grounded sorbent was thermally activated, what caused a significant development of surface area. During the studies of SO2 sorption, a model gas with a temperature of 300°C, of composition: sulfur dioxide at a concentration of 6292 mg/mn3, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen as a carrier gas, was us ...
... Grounded sorbent was thermally activated, what caused a significant development of surface area. During the studies of SO2 sorption, a model gas with a temperature of 300°C, of composition: sulfur dioxide at a concentration of 6292 mg/mn3, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen as a carrier gas, was us ...
Quantitative determination of chromophore concentrations from 2D
... produces an almost instantaneous temperature rise accompanied by a local increase in pressure. This results in an initial pressure distribution that is proportional to the product of the absorbed optical energy and the Grüneisen coefficient, which provides a measure of the conversion efficiency of h ...
... produces an almost instantaneous temperature rise accompanied by a local increase in pressure. This results in an initial pressure distribution that is proportional to the product of the absorbed optical energy and the Grüneisen coefficient, which provides a measure of the conversion efficiency of h ...
Signal-to-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio of Full-Field Fourier
... Our optical source is launched into a fiber-optic coupler which splits the light into the sample and reference arms. A sample is located at the front focal plane of a Fourier lens, this is shown as a point like scatterer in Figure1. The scatterer is illuminated at an angle α, by a collimated beam fr ...
... Our optical source is launched into a fiber-optic coupler which splits the light into the sample and reference arms. A sample is located at the front focal plane of a Fourier lens, this is shown as a point like scatterer in Figure1. The scatterer is illuminated at an angle α, by a collimated beam fr ...
Microbolometer_sensor
... Diffraction is always present, although its effects may be masked if the system has significant aberrations. When an optical system is essentially free from aberrations, its performance is limited solely by diffraction, and it is referred to as diffraction limited. In calculating diffraction, we sim ...
... Diffraction is always present, although its effects may be masked if the system has significant aberrations. When an optical system is essentially free from aberrations, its performance is limited solely by diffraction, and it is referred to as diffraction limited. In calculating diffraction, we sim ...
Microscope
... Field of view > or equal 500X cause increase in diffraction due to the differences in refractive index between glass and lenses (1.51) and air (1) which increase refraction, and small lenses present in high magnification so that oil is used in these lenses as it has refractive index similar to glass ...
... Field of view > or equal 500X cause increase in diffraction due to the differences in refractive index between glass and lenses (1.51) and air (1) which increase refraction, and small lenses present in high magnification so that oil is used in these lenses as it has refractive index similar to glass ...
Gaseous detection device
The gaseous detection device-GDD is a method and apparatus for the detection of signals in the gaseous environment of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and all scanned beam type of instruments that allow a minimum gas pressure for the detector to operate.