Waveguide electro-optic modulation in micro-engineered
... crystals where the two waveguides are placed under two distinct electrodes having different (usually opposite sign) voltages [1]. With respect to previous modulating structures in single-domain crystals, the proposed DI symmetric scheme allows one to achieve maximum efficiency, chirp-free and single ...
... crystals where the two waveguides are placed under two distinct electrodes having different (usually opposite sign) voltages [1]. With respect to previous modulating structures in single-domain crystals, the proposed DI symmetric scheme allows one to achieve maximum efficiency, chirp-free and single ...
ChemQuest 1 Information: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Critical
... Qualitative refers to the general quality of a characteristic (tall, short, long, wide, etc.) whereas quantitative includes the quantity of the characteristic (how tall, how short, how long, how wide, etc.). Therefore, quantitative observations will always contain a number to specify more precisely ...
... Qualitative refers to the general quality of a characteristic (tall, short, long, wide, etc.) whereas quantitative includes the quantity of the characteristic (how tall, how short, how long, how wide, etc.). Therefore, quantitative observations will always contain a number to specify more precisely ...
Initial demonstration of a local, evanescent, array coupled biosensor concept
... has been monitored via an alternative method of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). Similar to the underlying detector array, NSOM is used to directly measure the evanescent field and thus the optical intensity on the upper surface of the waveguide. The NSOM technique has been employed to ...
... has been monitored via an alternative method of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). Similar to the underlying detector array, NSOM is used to directly measure the evanescent field and thus the optical intensity on the upper surface of the waveguide. The NSOM technique has been employed to ...
Using Molecular-Beam Epitaxy to Fabricate Quantum
... crystal-growth techniques such as molecularbeam epitaxy (MBE). MBE is an ultrahigh-vacuum epitaxial-growth technology. In MBE, molecular beams ofspecific materials impinge upon an appropriately prepared wafer placed in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment. The reaction results in the growth of a thin epi ...
... crystal-growth techniques such as molecularbeam epitaxy (MBE). MBE is an ultrahigh-vacuum epitaxial-growth technology. In MBE, molecular beams ofspecific materials impinge upon an appropriately prepared wafer placed in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment. The reaction results in the growth of a thin epi ...
Personal Tutor - Macmillan Learning
... guidance and practice with problems and computations. Using the Personal Tutor is much like visiting the professor during office hours or going to a human tutor. You may need to take advantage of it frequently or you may only need its assistance a few times during the course. The questions can be a ...
... guidance and practice with problems and computations. Using the Personal Tutor is much like visiting the professor during office hours or going to a human tutor. You may need to take advantage of it frequently or you may only need its assistance a few times during the course. The questions can be a ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
... The forces exerted on the object result from the interaction between the laser and the refractive index mismatch of the object with its environment and are of the order of pico-newtons. [1] 1.1 Principles of Optical Tweezers An optical trap is formed by tightly focusing a laser beam with an objectiv ...
... The forces exerted on the object result from the interaction between the laser and the refractive index mismatch of the object with its environment and are of the order of pico-newtons. [1] 1.1 Principles of Optical Tweezers An optical trap is formed by tightly focusing a laser beam with an objectiv ...
Analysis of optical interferometric displacement detection in nanoelectromechanical systems
... elucidate the displacement sensitivity of optical interferometry—albeit on objects with cross sections larger than the diffraction-limited optical spot. These models accurately describe the sensitivity limits, especially in atomic force microscopy22–25 共AFM兲 and laser ultrasound26 applications. Ther ...
... elucidate the displacement sensitivity of optical interferometry—albeit on objects with cross sections larger than the diffraction-limited optical spot. These models accurately describe the sensitivity limits, especially in atomic force microscopy22–25 共AFM兲 and laser ultrasound26 applications. Ther ...
ELECTRO-OPTICS
... modulator. The phase retardation IO can be adjusted either optically (by assisting the modulator with an additional phase retarder, a compensator) or electrically by adding a constant bias voltage to V. In practice, the maximum transmittance of the modulator is smaller than unity because of losses c ...
... modulator. The phase retardation IO can be adjusted either optically (by assisting the modulator with an additional phase retarder, a compensator) or electrically by adding a constant bias voltage to V. In practice, the maximum transmittance of the modulator is smaller than unity because of losses c ...
Virtual Cell Learning Objectives Draft (ETC Excerpt)
... across the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast. 7. The learner should recognize that the role of light in photosynthesis is to energize electrons so that they continue to move through an electron transport chain imbedded within the thylakoid membrane. 8. The learner should recognize that the l ...
... across the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast. 7. The learner should recognize that the role of light in photosynthesis is to energize electrons so that they continue to move through an electron transport chain imbedded within the thylakoid membrane. 8. The learner should recognize that the l ...
Wormald Coupland On measuring 3D flow within inkjet droplet
... nozzle exit where a droplet is beginning to form. The reconstruction assumes homogenous air and is focussed on the axial plane. In this case, the droplet is far from cylindrical and for this reason represents a more challenging reconstruction. It is reasonable, however, to assume that the droplet ha ...
... nozzle exit where a droplet is beginning to form. The reconstruction assumes homogenous air and is focussed on the axial plane. In this case, the droplet is far from cylindrical and for this reason represents a more challenging reconstruction. It is reasonable, however, to assume that the droplet ha ...
High speed silicon based optical modulators based on carrier
... The measured effective index variation increases as the reverse bias increases. It may have two contributions: the first one is due to hole depletion in the structure, and the second one to a thermal effect related to the electrical power dissipated in the device, which becomes more important as th ...
... The measured effective index variation increases as the reverse bias increases. It may have two contributions: the first one is due to hole depletion in the structure, and the second one to a thermal effect related to the electrical power dissipated in the device, which becomes more important as th ...
- Phasics
... also of interest because gathering all the energy into one unique focal spot results in a peak intensity that is, for the same input energy, at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than with the usual laser smoothing techniques. In this way, new interaction regimes can be reached by use of medium-scal ...
... also of interest because gathering all the energy into one unique focal spot results in a peak intensity that is, for the same input energy, at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than with the usual laser smoothing techniques. In this way, new interaction regimes can be reached by use of medium-scal ...
Super-resolution Microscopy
... spaced point sources are imaged at different times. That is, imagine two PSFs that cannot be otherwise distinguished but each is observed at a different time (Fig. 3D). This methodology of “sequential” imaging at different times forms the basis of the most recent and successful superresolution micro ...
... spaced point sources are imaged at different times. That is, imagine two PSFs that cannot be otherwise distinguished but each is observed at a different time (Fig. 3D). This methodology of “sequential” imaging at different times forms the basis of the most recent and successful superresolution micro ...
characterization of nondiffracting bessel beams in the propagation
... beam. This beam has circular symmetry and a transverse distribution with the form of a Bessel function of first kind and zero order, J0(krr), where r is the distance from z axis and kr is the length of the component, orthogonal to the propagation axis, of any wave vector belonging to one of the inte ...
... beam. This beam has circular symmetry and a transverse distribution with the form of a Bessel function of first kind and zero order, J0(krr), where r is the distance from z axis and kr is the length of the component, orthogonal to the propagation axis, of any wave vector belonging to one of the inte ...
1 Introduction - Stony Brook Laser Teaching Center
... vortex beams, which appear as ring-shaped intensity distributions around a dark core. The existence of OAM in optical vortices was first predicted by Allen et al. in 1992 [1]. The OAM of such beams is quantified as l~ per photon, where l is the topological charge of the beam [1]. This property was d ...
... vortex beams, which appear as ring-shaped intensity distributions around a dark core. The existence of OAM in optical vortices was first predicted by Allen et al. in 1992 [1]. The OAM of such beams is quantified as l~ per photon, where l is the topological charge of the beam [1]. This property was d ...
Topic 9 Reduction and Oxidation File
... electron transfer. In practice, oxidation numbers are best viewed as a bookkeeping device. Oxidation cannot occur without reduction. In a redox reaction, the substance oxidized contains atoms which increase in oxidation number. Oxidation is associated with electron loss (helpful mnemonic: LEO = ...
... electron transfer. In practice, oxidation numbers are best viewed as a bookkeeping device. Oxidation cannot occur without reduction. In a redox reaction, the substance oxidized contains atoms which increase in oxidation number. Oxidation is associated with electron loss (helpful mnemonic: LEO = ...
... cm-3) in order to reduce optical losses. By deploying the cutback method, we can separate these two loss mechanisms and found about half a dB originating from coupling twice between the Si-MOS sections, and about -0.1 dB/μm propagation loss of the MOS-mode with the latter corresponding to a propagat ...
Attosecond lighthouse driven by sub-two
... used from figure 2 are optimized for Kr gas. However, if the 1.8 μm beam is optimized for the other gases, we can achieve krypton-like results. The spectrum of Kr is also notable because it only extends to ∼55 eV (much lower than the recollision electron energy would suggest). The lower energy cut-of ...
... used from figure 2 are optimized for Kr gas. However, if the 1.8 μm beam is optimized for the other gases, we can achieve krypton-like results. The spectrum of Kr is also notable because it only extends to ∼55 eV (much lower than the recollision electron energy would suggest). The lower energy cut-of ...
Topic 1 Quantitative Chemistry File
... Formula, empirical: The formula obtained by experiment, showing the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a particle of a substance. Formula, molecular: The formula showing the actual number of atoms of each element in a particle of a substance. Formula, structural: Shows the arran ...
... Formula, empirical: The formula obtained by experiment, showing the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a particle of a substance. Formula, molecular: The formula showing the actual number of atoms of each element in a particle of a substance. Formula, structural: Shows the arran ...
Gaseous detection device
The gaseous detection device-GDD is a method and apparatus for the detection of signals in the gaseous environment of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and all scanned beam type of instruments that allow a minimum gas pressure for the detector to operate.