2001 - Institute of Applied Physics - Friedrich-Schiller
... combining large angles of profiles and non-paraxial incident waves may lead to spherical aberrations. In this case it is necessary to use special design methods which consider these effects. We want to present a special beam shaping task for an application in safety engineering, in which beam shapin ...
... combining large angles of profiles and non-paraxial incident waves may lead to spherical aberrations. In this case it is necessary to use special design methods which consider these effects. We want to present a special beam shaping task for an application in safety engineering, in which beam shapin ...
TDLS98AbBook
... instead of being described by a Gauss function, is finally described by a Lorentz function when the gas pressure increases. These changes are connected to physical properties of the molecules and to their mass, as compared to the mass of the buffer gas molecules. For the analysis of all the effects ...
... instead of being described by a Gauss function, is finally described by a Lorentz function when the gas pressure increases. These changes are connected to physical properties of the molecules and to their mass, as compared to the mass of the buffer gas molecules. For the analysis of all the effects ...
Homework 5-8 answers
... A) the energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances. B) the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. C) solar energy, i.e. energy that comes from the sun. D) energy available by virtue of an object's position. Ans: C Category: Easy Section: 6.1 2. Thermal ...
... A) the energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances. B) the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. C) solar energy, i.e. energy that comes from the sun. D) energy available by virtue of an object's position. Ans: C Category: Easy Section: 6.1 2. Thermal ...
Homework 5-7 answers
... 8. Copper metal has a specific heat of 0.385 J/g·°C. Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 22.8 g of Cu from 20.0°C to 875°C. A) 1.97 10–5 J B) 1.0 10–2 J C) 329 J D) 7.51 kJ E) 10.5 kJ Ans: D Category: Medium Section: 6.5 9. Calculate the amount of heat necessary to ...
... 8. Copper metal has a specific heat of 0.385 J/g·°C. Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 22.8 g of Cu from 20.0°C to 875°C. A) 1.97 10–5 J B) 1.0 10–2 J C) 329 J D) 7.51 kJ E) 10.5 kJ Ans: D Category: Medium Section: 6.5 9. Calculate the amount of heat necessary to ...
Ch 4 PP notes
... the sum of the superscripts in its electronconfiguration notation: 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 electrons. The number of protons equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom. So we know that boron has 5 protons and thus has an atomic number of 5. To write the orbital notation, first draw the lines representing ...
... the sum of the superscripts in its electronconfiguration notation: 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 electrons. The number of protons equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom. So we know that boron has 5 protons and thus has an atomic number of 5. To write the orbital notation, first draw the lines representing ...
l - band variable gain amplifier with erbium doped fiber
... latest method to increase the network of the system and increase the Gain of the amplifiers. To propose EDFAs with the optical amplifier communication network system. We have to modify EDFAs with WDM technology with the using switches provide improved gain. The EDFA employs by using the SWs and VOAs ...
... latest method to increase the network of the system and increase the Gain of the amplifiers. To propose EDFAs with the optical amplifier communication network system. We have to modify EDFAs with WDM technology with the using switches provide improved gain. The EDFA employs by using the SWs and VOAs ...
MEMS Based Heavy Metal Detector Inas Raafat Ramsis
... serious diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a continuous, rapid, automatic, and on-site heavy metals environmental monitoring system for the online detection of heavy metals pollution at various water resources and industrial waste networks. In this thesis the main objective is t ...
... serious diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a continuous, rapid, automatic, and on-site heavy metals environmental monitoring system for the online detection of heavy metals pollution at various water resources and industrial waste networks. In this thesis the main objective is t ...
Gaussian Beam Propagation
... Gaussian beams play such an important role in optical lasers as well as in longer wavelength systems that they have been extensively analyzed, starting with some of the classic treatments mentioned in Chapter 1. Almost every text on optical systems discusses Gaussian beam propagation in some detail, ...
... Gaussian beams play such an important role in optical lasers as well as in longer wavelength systems that they have been extensively analyzed, starting with some of the classic treatments mentioned in Chapter 1. Almost every text on optical systems discusses Gaussian beam propagation in some detail, ...
Active semiconductor-based grating waveguide structures
... GWS is based on the coupled wave theory, in which Bragg coupling between two counter propagating modes is considered. The coupled wave model is an adaptation of a model used for analyzing DFB lasers that was developed by Kazarinov and Henry [17], and provides details on both the spectral bandwidth a ...
... GWS is based on the coupled wave theory, in which Bragg coupling between two counter propagating modes is considered. The coupled wave model is an adaptation of a model used for analyzing DFB lasers that was developed by Kazarinov and Henry [17], and provides details on both the spectral bandwidth a ...
QUANTITIES, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYMBOLS IN
... change (by radiationless transition or chemical reaction), molecular alignment, vibrational excitation, rotational excitation, electronic excitation, concentration change, photoinduced volume change, creation of electric field (charge creation), clustering, and so on. Absorption changes induced by s ...
... change (by radiationless transition or chemical reaction), molecular alignment, vibrational excitation, rotational excitation, electronic excitation, concentration change, photoinduced volume change, creation of electric field (charge creation), clustering, and so on. Absorption changes induced by s ...
Formic acid oxidation reaction on a PdxNiy bimetallic nanoparticle
... liquids (RTILs) have attracted much attention recently [14]. For example, RTILs have been used as solvent in organic synthesis [15] and electrolyte [16] in electrochemistry. To our knowledge, except our previous work [17], reports on the application of RTILs in a thermal decomposition process are ra ...
... liquids (RTILs) have attracted much attention recently [14]. For example, RTILs have been used as solvent in organic synthesis [15] and electrolyte [16] in electrochemistry. To our knowledge, except our previous work [17], reports on the application of RTILs in a thermal decomposition process are ra ...
ANALOG SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR OPTICAL COHERENCE
... Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or ...
... Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or ...
Fourier-domain holography in photorefractive quantum-well films
... tial frequency that the imaging system can transmit. If only the diffraction by the lens aperture causes the PSF, the PSF of the first subsystem in IDH is given by h共x, y兲 in Eq. 共2兲. The spatial bandwidth imposed by the PSF for the first subsystem is s ⫽ D兾4f in IDH and s ⫽ D兾2f in FDH for cohe ...
... tial frequency that the imaging system can transmit. If only the diffraction by the lens aperture causes the PSF, the PSF of the first subsystem in IDH is given by h共x, y兲 in Eq. 共2兲. The spatial bandwidth imposed by the PSF for the first subsystem is s ⫽ D兾4f in IDH and s ⫽ D兾2f in FDH for cohe ...
Complete Solution Manual
... > 0). The species most easily reduced has the most positive E value; this is F2. The least easily reduced species is Li+ with the most negative E value. When a reduction half-reaction is reversed to obtain an oxidation half-reaction, the sign of the reduction potential is reversed to give the pote ...
... > 0). The species most easily reduced has the most positive E value; this is F2. The least easily reduced species is Li+ with the most negative E value. When a reduction half-reaction is reversed to obtain an oxidation half-reaction, the sign of the reduction potential is reversed to give the pote ...
Light–matter interaction induces a single positive vortex with swirling
... a voltage V0 is applied to the cell. The employed LC has a negative dielectric anisotropy, a = − ⊥ < 0, with and ⊥ the dielectric susceptibility for low-frequency electric fields parallel and orthogonal, respectively, to the molecular director [24]. When a bias VBias is applied to the LCLV ...
... a voltage V0 is applied to the cell. The employed LC has a negative dielectric anisotropy, a = − ⊥ < 0, with and ⊥ the dielectric susceptibility for low-frequency electric fields parallel and orthogonal, respectively, to the molecular director [24]. When a bias VBias is applied to the LCLV ...
Measurement of seawater refractive index and salinity by means of
... sample. A measurement of the refractive index of the water sample could account for this contribution. Refractive index can be measured in a number of optical techniques, but due to technological limitations it has not found widespread use. ...
... sample. A measurement of the refractive index of the water sample could account for this contribution. Refractive index can be measured in a number of optical techniques, but due to technological limitations it has not found widespread use. ...
High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
... focus setting and on the sample thickness ‐ Image interpretation often requires simulations ‐ Fringes in vacuum: image delocalization ‐ The images provide the correct symmetry HRTEM; Rolf Erni 2013 ...
... focus setting and on the sample thickness ‐ Image interpretation often requires simulations ‐ Fringes in vacuum: image delocalization ‐ The images provide the correct symmetry HRTEM; Rolf Erni 2013 ...
Aperture interference and the volumetric resolution of light field
... resolution while maintaining a large axial field of view. We thus hypothesized that by altering the spatio-angular sampling scheme, we could increase spatial resolution beyond simple pixel-count considerations. Indeed, we demonstrate that by combining angular samples in a manner that takes diffracti ...
... resolution while maintaining a large axial field of view. We thus hypothesized that by altering the spatio-angular sampling scheme, we could increase spatial resolution beyond simple pixel-count considerations. Indeed, we demonstrate that by combining angular samples in a manner that takes diffracti ...
I41035057
... combination of low noise and high gain of EDFA. M. M. Ismail et. al. [5] discussed simulation of WDM optical network in terms of length and pump power and found gain flattened from 1546 nm to 1558 nm band of wavelength with noise figure less than 9 dB for 16-channels simultaneous amplification in a ...
... combination of low noise and high gain of EDFA. M. M. Ismail et. al. [5] discussed simulation of WDM optical network in terms of length and pump power and found gain flattened from 1546 nm to 1558 nm band of wavelength with noise figure less than 9 dB for 16-channels simultaneous amplification in a ...
Gaseous detection device
The gaseous detection device-GDD is a method and apparatus for the detection of signals in the gaseous environment of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and all scanned beam type of instruments that allow a minimum gas pressure for the detector to operate.