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Pockels effect
Pockels effect

... Halite (cubic sodium chloride crystal, optically isotropic) ...
Click To
Click To

... Optical Fiber with Tunable Birefringence using Pressurized Liquid Capillaries Patent No. 7,489,847 Background: Previously, in-fiber optical isolators suitable for high power operation utilize Faraday rotation in a birefringent fused-silica single-mode optical fiber whose polarization beat length has ...
Wollaston and Nomarski Prisms
Wollaston and Nomarski Prisms

... Birefringent Wollaston and/or Nomarski prisms are inserted in the optical pathway with their shear axis oriented at a 45-degree angle (northwest to southeast) to the polarizer and analyzer. The prisms are composed of two precisely ground and polished wedge-shaped slabs produced from high-grade optic ...
Monochromatic plane waves ( ) Plane waves have straight wave fronts
Monochromatic plane waves ( ) Plane waves have straight wave fronts

... Snell's law seems to require in some cases (whenever the angle of incidence is large enough) that the sine of the angle of refraction be greater than one. This of course is impossible, and the light in such cases is completely reflected by the boundary, a phenomenon known as total internal reflectio ...
Wave Picture
Wave Picture

... Snell's law seems to require in some cases (whenever the angle of incidence is large enough) that the sine of the angle of refraction be greater than one. This of course is impossible, and the light in such cases is completely reflected by the boundary, a phenomenon known as total internal reflectio ...
Linear Polarization 5.2.4 Polarization and Materials
Linear Polarization 5.2.4 Polarization and Materials

... 1. case: The incoming (unpolarized) beam is not parallel to a principal axis of the crystal but its angle of incidence is 90o, i.e. it is exactly perpendicular to the surface of the crystal. This is a special condition, but not so very special because it is easy to do in an experiment, All you need ...
Optical Indicatrix
Optical Indicatrix

... Isotropic Indicatrix • The index of refraction is equal in all directions • In the case of an isotropic substance, the indicatrix is a ...
Introduction to Environmental Geochemistry
Introduction to Environmental Geochemistry

... Isotropic Indicatrix • The index of refraction is equal in all directions • In the case of an isotropic substance, the indicatrix is a ...
Optical Indicatrix - FAU-Department of Geosciences
Optical Indicatrix - FAU-Department of Geosciences

... Isotropic Indicatrix • The index of refraction is equal in all directions • In the case of an isotropic substance, the indicatrix is a ...
EP421 Assignment 4: Polarization II: Applications of Optical
EP421 Assignment 4: Polarization II: Applications of Optical

Non-linear Optics
Non-linear Optics

... The polarisation, P, can be described in terms of the susceptibility tensor, χ. We can include any nonlinear response of the medium as shown below.  Note that in general the electric field and the polarisation need NOT be collinear. ...
Module 27: Polarization-II Lecture 27: Polarization-II
Module 27: Polarization-II Lecture 27: Polarization-II

2-Day Intensive Training
2-Day Intensive Training

... • The optical core and planar waveguide layers are made of Silica (SiO2) which is deposited unto a Silicon (Si) ...
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Birefringence



Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These optically anisotropic materials are said to be birefringent (or birefractive). The birefringence is often quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited by the material. Crystals with asymmetric crystal structures are often birefringent, as are plastics under mechanical stress.Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. This effect was first described by the Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it in calcite, a crystal having one of the strongest birefringences. However it was not until the 19th century that Augustin-Jean Fresnel described the phenomenon in terms of polarization, understanding light as a wave with field components in transverse polarizations (perpendicular to the direction of the wave vector).
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