DYNAMICALLY TUNABLE BIREFRINGENCE IN PHOTONIC LIQUID CRYSTAL FIBERS Tomasz R. Woliński
... 1. INTRODUCTION Optical fibers exhibit particular polarization properties [1, 2]. Contrary to ordinary plane waves in bulk media which amplitudes are constant in the wave plane, guided electromagnetic fields in optical fiber waveguides are called inhomogenous plane waves since their amplitudes are n ...
... 1. INTRODUCTION Optical fibers exhibit particular polarization properties [1, 2]. Contrary to ordinary plane waves in bulk media which amplitudes are constant in the wave plane, guided electromagnetic fields in optical fiber waveguides are called inhomogenous plane waves since their amplitudes are n ...
A solution to Maxwell`s equations in free space
... the electric fields. The magnetic field will be horizontal. The radio wave generated is said to be “polarized”. In general light sources produce “unpolarized waves”emitted by atomic motions in random directions. Completely unpolarized light will have equal components in horizontal and vertical direc ...
... the electric fields. The magnetic field will be horizontal. The radio wave generated is said to be “polarized”. In general light sources produce “unpolarized waves”emitted by atomic motions in random directions. Completely unpolarized light will have equal components in horizontal and vertical direc ...
Document
... w) – these rays are slowed to different degrees (apparent birefringence, d related to the refractive index, n; d=ne-nw), and can go in different directions, resulting in a different length to get through a mineral (retardation, D, which is a function of both birefringence and thickness of the minera ...
... w) – these rays are slowed to different degrees (apparent birefringence, d related to the refractive index, n; d=ne-nw), and can go in different directions, resulting in a different length to get through a mineral (retardation, D, which is a function of both birefringence and thickness of the minera ...
waveplates - CVI Laser Optics
... As an example, consider the design of a broadband halfwave waveplate centered at 800 nm. Maximum tuning range is obtained if the plate has a single π phase shift at 800 nm. If made from a single plate of crystal quartz, the waveplate would be about 45 µm thick, which is too thin for easy fabrication ...
... As an example, consider the design of a broadband halfwave waveplate centered at 800 nm. Maximum tuning range is obtained if the plate has a single π phase shift at 800 nm. If made from a single plate of crystal quartz, the waveplate would be about 45 µm thick, which is too thin for easy fabrication ...
RAY OPTICS notes
... The angle of reflection (i.e., the angle between reflected ray and the normal to the reflecting surface or the mirror) equals the angle of incidence (angle between incident ray and the normal). ...
... The angle of reflection (i.e., the angle between reflected ray and the normal to the reflecting surface or the mirror) equals the angle of incidence (angle between incident ray and the normal). ...
Document
... light is slower in water, glass, crystals Is nwater greater or less than 1?? Larger n associated with slower V !! ...
... light is slower in water, glass, crystals Is nwater greater or less than 1?? Larger n associated with slower V !! ...
Chapter 8: Major Elements
... light is slower in water, glass, crystals Is nwater greater or less than 1?? Larger n associated with slower V !! ...
... light is slower in water, glass, crystals Is nwater greater or less than 1?? Larger n associated with slower V !! ...
Document
... nX = nY ordinary index nZ = extraordinary index Refractive index for arbitrary direction of propagation can be derived from the index ellipsoid ...
... nX = nY ordinary index nZ = extraordinary index Refractive index for arbitrary direction of propagation can be derived from the index ellipsoid ...
Chapter #35 Light and Optics Wave Fronts Electromagnetic Wave
... • When a ray of light enters a medium where its speed decreases, it is bent toward the normal. • When a ray of light enters a medium where its speed increases, it is bent away from the normal. • Direction of propagation does not change if there is no change in the index of refraction. • If a ray ...
... • When a ray of light enters a medium where its speed decreases, it is bent toward the normal. • When a ray of light enters a medium where its speed increases, it is bent away from the normal. • Direction of propagation does not change if there is no change in the index of refraction. • If a ray ...
5. Reflection, refraction and polarization
... Another way of imposing broadband polarization control is to use a device called a Pockels cell. This device is based on a birefringent crystal that is isotropic until a voltage is applied across it. When a voltage is applied across the crystal, a birefringence, that is difference in ne and no devel ...
... Another way of imposing broadband polarization control is to use a device called a Pockels cell. This device is based on a birefringent crystal that is isotropic until a voltage is applied across it. When a voltage is applied across the crystal, a birefringence, that is difference in ne and no devel ...
Physics 200 Class #1 Outline
... Definition: Optical axis, or optical axis of a polarizer is the direction of light polarization that passes through a given polarizer. In the picture above, the optical axis is horizontal. Good animation of polarization through scattering and through reflection at http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu ...
... Definition: Optical axis, or optical axis of a polarizer is the direction of light polarization that passes through a given polarizer. In the picture above, the optical axis is horizontal. Good animation of polarization through scattering and through reflection at http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu ...
Chapter 8: Major Elements
... The incident ray is split into 2 rays that vibrate perpendicular to each other. These rays have variable v (and therefore variable n) fast and slow rays As n ∞ 1/v, fast = small n, slow = big n One of the rays (the fast ray for calcite) obeys Snell’s Law - ordinary ray (no) The other ray does not ...
... The incident ray is split into 2 rays that vibrate perpendicular to each other. These rays have variable v (and therefore variable n) fast and slow rays As n ∞ 1/v, fast = small n, slow = big n One of the rays (the fast ray for calcite) obeys Snell’s Law - ordinary ray (no) The other ray does not ...
Electro-Optic Ceramics
... The electro-optic effect is the change in the refractive index as a function of an externally applied electric field. In unisotropic materials the index of refraction depends on the direction of propagation and the direction of polarization of the light. This means that the two components of light p ...
... The electro-optic effect is the change in the refractive index as a function of an externally applied electric field. In unisotropic materials the index of refraction depends on the direction of propagation and the direction of polarization of the light. This means that the two components of light p ...
Introduction to light 2
... Snell's law can be used to calculate how much light is bent on travelling from medium one to medium two. ...
... Snell's law can be used to calculate how much light is bent on travelling from medium one to medium two. ...
Optics-Light Lab - University of Michigan SharePoint Portal
... 7. Blue light (short wavelength) is refracted (bent toward the normal) more than red light (long wavelength). This is how a prism separates white light into its component colors. 8. The dispersion of the glass or plastic material used to construct a converging (convex) lens causes the different col ...
... 7. Blue light (short wavelength) is refracted (bent toward the normal) more than red light (long wavelength). This is how a prism separates white light into its component colors. 8. The dispersion of the glass or plastic material used to construct a converging (convex) lens causes the different col ...
Document
... Uniaxial Indicatrix All minerals belonging to the TRIGONAL, TETRAGONAL and HEXAGONAL crystal systems have a uniaxial indicatrix…. ...
... Uniaxial Indicatrix All minerals belonging to the TRIGONAL, TETRAGONAL and HEXAGONAL crystal systems have a uniaxial indicatrix…. ...
PHYS 242 BLOCK 11 NOTES Sections 33.1 to 33.7 Geometrical
... υ is the speed of light in the material (in m/s) and υ ≤ c. Thus n has no unit, n ≥ 1, n = KKm (from Block 10) , n = 1 in vacuum, and n ≈ 1 in air. Traditionally called Snell’s law, the law of refraction is na sin θa = nb sin θb . Unless θa = 0 = θb, light bends toward the normal when it slows down ...
... υ is the speed of light in the material (in m/s) and υ ≤ c. Thus n has no unit, n ≥ 1, n = KKm (from Block 10) , n = 1 in vacuum, and n ≈ 1 in air. Traditionally called Snell’s law, the law of refraction is na sin θa = nb sin θb . Unless θa = 0 = θb, light bends toward the normal when it slows down ...
5.3.2 Processing Light
... How is it done? Let's look at the "old" and slightly modified picture above to understand how it is done in principal. We need an anisotropic material oriented with respect to the optical axis in such a way that the ordinary and extraordinary beam are parallel. The two beam than will automatically h ...
... How is it done? Let's look at the "old" and slightly modified picture above to understand how it is done in principal. We need an anisotropic material oriented with respect to the optical axis in such a way that the ordinary and extraordinary beam are parallel. The two beam than will automatically h ...
el-1
... Light in transparent media Glass and other transparent media transmit light, which travels at different speeds inside of various materials (media). The speed is given in terms of a parameter called the refractive index, denoted by n, of the medium. The wavelength of a light wave inside a medium als ...
... Light in transparent media Glass and other transparent media transmit light, which travels at different speeds inside of various materials (media). The speed is given in terms of a parameter called the refractive index, denoted by n, of the medium. The wavelength of a light wave inside a medium als ...
Raman_Intensities
... •Important case, if an atom is located on a point of inversion, then any vibration in one direction is associated with another vibration in the exact opposite, resulting in no change in macro scale polarization, and therefore, no peak intensity associated with the vibration of that atom. •Consequenc ...
... •Important case, if an atom is located on a point of inversion, then any vibration in one direction is associated with another vibration in the exact opposite, resulting in no change in macro scale polarization, and therefore, no peak intensity associated with the vibration of that atom. •Consequenc ...
Chapter 1 - Liceo Crespi
... Light travels through an optical medium with a lower speed than c, as atoms in the medium absorb, reemit, and scatter the light. For example, the refractive index for diamond is n = 2.419, so the speed of ligth in diamond = c/n c 3.00 × 10 8 m/s ...
... Light travels through an optical medium with a lower speed than c, as atoms in the medium absorb, reemit, and scatter the light. For example, the refractive index for diamond is n = 2.419, so the speed of ligth in diamond = c/n c 3.00 × 10 8 m/s ...
Light II - Galileo and Einstein
... • If a glass cylinder is under water, can a light signal still bounce along inside it like this? A. No, it would always get out. B. Yes, but the distance between reflections would have to be greater. C. Same but smaller. ...
... • If a glass cylinder is under water, can a light signal still bounce along inside it like this? A. No, it would always get out. B. Yes, but the distance between reflections would have to be greater. C. Same but smaller. ...
Polarization
... A particular sort of liquid crystal, called twisted nematics, (TN), is naturally twisted. Applying an electric current to these liquid crystals will untwist them to varying degrees, depending on the current's ...
... A particular sort of liquid crystal, called twisted nematics, (TN), is naturally twisted. Applying an electric current to these liquid crystals will untwist them to varying degrees, depending on the current's ...
Chapter 8
... This direction is called the optic axis. Principal plane: A plane that contains the optic axis and the wave direction. The refractive index depends on whether the Efield is parallel or perpendicular to the principal plane. Ray direction: Energy flow direction. o-ray: E-field normal to the principal ...
... This direction is called the optic axis. Principal plane: A plane that contains the optic axis and the wave direction. The refractive index depends on whether the Efield is parallel or perpendicular to the principal plane. Ray direction: Energy flow direction. o-ray: E-field normal to the principal ...
Birefringence
Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These optically anisotropic materials are said to be birefringent (or birefractive). The birefringence is often quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited by the material. Crystals with asymmetric crystal structures are often birefringent, as are plastics under mechanical stress.Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. This effect was first described by the Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it in calcite, a crystal having one of the strongest birefringences. However it was not until the 19th century that Augustin-Jean Fresnel described the phenomenon in terms of polarization, understanding light as a wave with field components in transverse polarizations (perpendicular to the direction of the wave vector).