Lens induced by stress in ... for high-pressure cells
... where P,, is the Legendre polynomial of order m, generates the hydrostatic solution in which the stress and strain tensors are diagonal, isotropic, and uniform with components --p. and ( -p,JE) ( l --2v), respectively. In the case that the loading is not hydrostatic along the bottom boundary, the de ...
... where P,, is the Legendre polynomial of order m, generates the hydrostatic solution in which the stress and strain tensors are diagonal, isotropic, and uniform with components --p. and ( -p,JE) ( l --2v), respectively. In the case that the loading is not hydrostatic along the bottom boundary, the de ...
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... In the area of complex media electromagnetics, another communication problem exists–the communication between the specialists in optics, who have been doing research on optically active crystals for decades, and the microwave engineers and specialists in electromagnetic theory, who became interested ...
... In the area of complex media electromagnetics, another communication problem exists–the communication between the specialists in optics, who have been doing research on optically active crystals for decades, and the microwave engineers and specialists in electromagnetic theory, who became interested ...
leading, peer-reviewed scientific journal
... variable grain parameters spanning each parameter range. This produced 184 different combinations of grain parameters, representing 184 different grains. We calculated the maximum degree of linear polarisation (Pmax) of light scattered from each one of these different grains, and the brightness of l ...
... variable grain parameters spanning each parameter range. This produced 184 different combinations of grain parameters, representing 184 different grains. We calculated the maximum degree of linear polarisation (Pmax) of light scattered from each one of these different grains, and the brightness of l ...
CHAPTER 1 Wave Nature of Light
... The minimum spot size to which a Gaussian beam can be focused • Suppose that we reflect the Gaussian beam back on itself so that the beam is traveling in the –z direction and converging towards O. • The beam would still have the same diameter 2w0 (waist) at O. • From then on, the beam again diverge ...
... The minimum spot size to which a Gaussian beam can be focused • Suppose that we reflect the Gaussian beam back on itself so that the beam is traveling in the –z direction and converging towards O. • The beam would still have the same diameter 2w0 (waist) at O. • From then on, the beam again diverge ...
Rock or Mineral?
... points. Table salt (NaCl) is an example of this type of crystal. Molecular Crystals Molecular crystals tend to be soft with relatively low melting points. Rock candy is an example of a molecular crystal. ...
... points. Table salt (NaCl) is an example of this type of crystal. Molecular Crystals Molecular crystals tend to be soft with relatively low melting points. Rock candy is an example of a molecular crystal. ...
An analogy strategy for transformation optics Yao Chen Liu
... [1–10]. The term was coined based on the fact that Maxwell’s equations are form-invariant under coordinate transformations [2], meaning electromagnetic waves in one coordinate system can be mapped into another one with transformed material properties. This correspondence paves an unprecedented metho ...
... [1–10]. The term was coined based on the fact that Maxwell’s equations are form-invariant under coordinate transformations [2], meaning electromagnetic waves in one coordinate system can be mapped into another one with transformed material properties. This correspondence paves an unprecedented metho ...
Unit 1.5 Propagation in Fibre
... yIn practice there is at the fibre input an infinite number of such rays, called more properly plane rays. yEach ray is in reality a line drawn normal to a wavefront, for example the wavefront shown by the dotted line FC above. yFor plane waves all points along the same wavefront must have identical ...
... yIn practice there is at the fibre input an infinite number of such rays, called more properly plane rays. yEach ray is in reality a line drawn normal to a wavefront, for example the wavefront shown by the dotted line FC above. yFor plane waves all points along the same wavefront must have identical ...
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... hypothesis can be verified by founding that the direction of propagation of the laser beam through the turbulent jet remains nearly rectilinear when the jet is not heated. Many experimental investigations [29–32] have been carried out in order to enable a best understanding of the laser beam behaviou ...
... hypothesis can be verified by founding that the direction of propagation of the laser beam through the turbulent jet remains nearly rectilinear when the jet is not heated. Many experimental investigations [29–32] have been carried out in order to enable a best understanding of the laser beam behaviou ...
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... structure emits another wavelength alone from the bottom side. This could be certainly achieved by mirroring the single-sided absorber structures; however, the mirroring structure consists of at least five layers, resulting in an increased thickness and fabrication complexity. Alternative ways of ob ...
... structure emits another wavelength alone from the bottom side. This could be certainly achieved by mirroring the single-sided absorber structures; however, the mirroring structure consists of at least five layers, resulting in an increased thickness and fabrication complexity. Alternative ways of ob ...
Mirages with atmospheric gravity waves
... light rays projected from the observer's eye. The atmosphere is modeled as a set of concentric spherical shells. The temperature profile, required by the program as input data, specifies a set of elevations and their temperatures. These elevations define isotherms that form the boundaries between th ...
... light rays projected from the observer's eye. The atmosphere is modeled as a set of concentric spherical shells. The temperature profile, required by the program as input data, specifies a set of elevations and their temperatures. These elevations define isotherms that form the boundaries between th ...
Fiber Optics
... as a measure of the fiber’s degree of modal birefringence (Fig. 5). In highly birefringent fibers, if light whose polarization is parallel to one of the axis is coupled into the fiber, the output is still linearly polarized despite fiber bending. Polarization preserving fibers, also referred to as p ...
... as a measure of the fiber’s degree of modal birefringence (Fig. 5). In highly birefringent fibers, if light whose polarization is parallel to one of the axis is coupled into the fiber, the output is still linearly polarized despite fiber bending. Polarization preserving fibers, also referred to as p ...
NONLINEAR OPTICS BASICS Units and Nomenclature
... Particular care must be used when characterizing the excitation beam in nonlinear optical experiments compared to linear measurements. By definition, nonlinear optical phenomena depend on the electric field to high order. The higher the order, the more sensitive the observed behavior depends on the ...
... Particular care must be used when characterizing the excitation beam in nonlinear optical experiments compared to linear measurements. By definition, nonlinear optical phenomena depend on the electric field to high order. The higher the order, the more sensitive the observed behavior depends on the ...
... or passive. Active methods typically involve using an external signal to induce a modulation of the intra-cavity light. Passive methods do not use an external signal, but rely on placing some element into the laser cavity which causes self-modulation of the light 5. What is active modelocking? The m ...
THE FARADAY AND KERR EFFECTS The Faraday and Kerr Effects
... detect any changes and turned his efforts toward magnetic fields. In due course, Faraday successfully found that a small change in polarity did occur in this situation; this is now known as the Faraday Effect. In 1875, thirty years later, Kerr decided to take up Faraday’s unfinished experiment, tryi ...
... detect any changes and turned his efforts toward magnetic fields. In due course, Faraday successfully found that a small change in polarity did occur in this situation; this is now known as the Faraday Effect. In 1875, thirty years later, Kerr decided to take up Faraday’s unfinished experiment, tryi ...
Designing an Experimental Prototype to Support Geometric Optics
... (Educaplus, 2014). Apart from these features, there are other features more relevant for all optical systems; these features are defined by the cardinal points, that is, two focal points, two main points, and two nodal points. All light beams parallel to the optical axis entering the optical system ...
... (Educaplus, 2014). Apart from these features, there are other features more relevant for all optical systems; these features are defined by the cardinal points, that is, two focal points, two main points, and two nodal points. All light beams parallel to the optical axis entering the optical system ...
Beam Dynamics in PT Symmetric Optical Lattices
... materials. Quite recently, conventional optical array structures (based on real potentials) have received considerable attention and have been examined in several systems including semiconductors, glasses, quadratic and photorefractive materials, and liquid crystals [10]. Given that even a single P ...
... materials. Quite recently, conventional optical array structures (based on real potentials) have received considerable attention and have been examined in several systems including semiconductors, glasses, quadratic and photorefractive materials, and liquid crystals [10]. Given that even a single P ...
Broad Band Two-Dimensional Manipulation of Surface Plasmons
... interference patters are not distinguishable by the far field fluorescent imaging method). After a polarizer is added in the excitation beam, as indicated by the white arrows, the SPP sources at the horizontal slits are completely turned “off”. The interference patterns inside of the triangle, squar ...
... interference patters are not distinguishable by the far field fluorescent imaging method). After a polarizer is added in the excitation beam, as indicated by the white arrows, the SPP sources at the horizontal slits are completely turned “off”. The interference patterns inside of the triangle, squar ...
Amplitude and Phase of Tightly Focused Laser Beams in Turbid Media
... parallel to the incident wave front. For the EMC simulations, we launched 109 plane waves resulting in a relative error of <3% in the IADF. In Fig. 2 two-dimensional representations of scatteringinduced angular dispersion are shown for turbid planar slabs of thickness T ¼ 1 m and 150 m. The graphs ...
... parallel to the incident wave front. For the EMC simulations, we launched 109 plane waves resulting in a relative error of <3% in the IADF. In Fig. 2 two-dimensional representations of scatteringinduced angular dispersion are shown for turbid planar slabs of thickness T ¼ 1 m and 150 m. The graphs ...
Birefringence
Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These optically anisotropic materials are said to be birefringent (or birefractive). The birefringence is often quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited by the material. Crystals with asymmetric crystal structures are often birefringent, as are plastics under mechanical stress.Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. This effect was first described by the Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it in calcite, a crystal having one of the strongest birefringences. However it was not until the 19th century that Augustin-Jean Fresnel described the phenomenon in terms of polarization, understanding light as a wave with field components in transverse polarizations (perpendicular to the direction of the wave vector).