Benefiting from Unbalanced Growth
... the location; and (2) logistics if the advantage is due to relative closeness to local and distant consumers.2 We use agglomeration economies to qualify the benefits to growth caused by population density. A higher density of population offers firms a higher potential to observe agglomeration econom ...
... the location; and (2) logistics if the advantage is due to relative closeness to local and distant consumers.2 We use agglomeration economies to qualify the benefits to growth caused by population density. A higher density of population offers firms a higher potential to observe agglomeration econom ...
Economic Outlook
... The Governing Council expects the key ECB interest rates to remain at present or lower levels for an extended period of time. This expectation is based on the overall subdued outlook for inflation extending into the medium term, given the broad-based weakness in the real economy and subdued monetary ...
... The Governing Council expects the key ECB interest rates to remain at present or lower levels for an extended period of time. This expectation is based on the overall subdued outlook for inflation extending into the medium term, given the broad-based weakness in the real economy and subdued monetary ...
Growth Accounting
... • Reflects the contribution of technology and efficiency gains (total factor productivity, TFP), greater capital intensity or both • In Europe and Central Asia productivity gains have accounted for larger share of real GDP per capita than other regions • Labor utilization lagged • Sizeable increases ...
... • Reflects the contribution of technology and efficiency gains (total factor productivity, TFP), greater capital intensity or both • In Europe and Central Asia productivity gains have accounted for larger share of real GDP per capita than other regions • Labor utilization lagged • Sizeable increases ...
Security Scenarios And The Global Economy
... • Reflects the contribution of technology and efficiency gains (total factor productivity, TFP), greater capital intensity or both • In Europe and Central Asia productivity gains have accounted for larger share of real GDP per capita than other regions • Labor utilization lagged • Sizeable increases ...
... • Reflects the contribution of technology and efficiency gains (total factor productivity, TFP), greater capital intensity or both • In Europe and Central Asia productivity gains have accounted for larger share of real GDP per capita than other regions • Labor utilization lagged • Sizeable increases ...
Reflections on the Role of Agriculture in Pro
... how to promote agricultural growth than we do about how to promote non-agricultural rural activities. This is because we know so little about what drives the rural economy and territorial development. As Hewings notes, there have been many fads in territorial development, but few satisfying econom ...
... how to promote agricultural growth than we do about how to promote non-agricultural rural activities. This is because we know so little about what drives the rural economy and territorial development. As Hewings notes, there have been many fads in territorial development, but few satisfying econom ...
Global economic conditions survey report: Q1, 2016
... were less optimistic about their prospects than at any other time in the past four years. Almost half of the firms surveyed said that they were more pessimistic about their prospects than they were three months earlier. Less than onequarter had become more optimistic. • More than half of firms are ...
... were less optimistic about their prospects than at any other time in the past four years. Almost half of the firms surveyed said that they were more pessimistic about their prospects than they were three months earlier. Less than onequarter had become more optimistic. • More than half of firms are ...
Economic Outlook 1187 - Euler Hermes Danmark
... are already near historical lows. Risk-averse bankers have slowed the mortgage market, not high interest rates. Nonetheless, there has been some firming in several housing market measures such as prices and unit sales, but it is premature to call a bottom. On an upbeat note, insolvencies are expecte ...
... are already near historical lows. Risk-averse bankers have slowed the mortgage market, not high interest rates. Nonetheless, there has been some firming in several housing market measures such as prices and unit sales, but it is premature to call a bottom. On an upbeat note, insolvencies are expecte ...
Income Inequality, Corruption, and the Non
... 2003).3 For a major set of the transition economies they found a strong and robust positive relationship between income inequality and the size of the non-observed economy. The first of these studies also found a positive relationship between changes in these two variables during the early transitio ...
... 2003).3 For a major set of the transition economies they found a strong and robust positive relationship between income inequality and the size of the non-observed economy. The first of these studies also found a positive relationship between changes in these two variables during the early transitio ...
Parkin-Bade Chapter 30
... Improve the Quality of Education The benefits from education spread beyond the person being educated, so there is a tendency to under invest in education. Provide International Aid to Developing Countries If rich countries give financial aid to developing countries, investment and growth will increa ...
... Improve the Quality of Education The benefits from education spread beyond the person being educated, so there is a tendency to under invest in education. Provide International Aid to Developing Countries If rich countries give financial aid to developing countries, investment and growth will increa ...
Government report - World Trade Organization
... trade in Jordan’s socioeconomic development, both as a conduit for expanding market access thereby exploiting comparative advantage, but also as a medium of stimulating competition and scale economies, as well as strengthening supply chains, all of which are critical to enhancing the competitiveness ...
... trade in Jordan’s socioeconomic development, both as a conduit for expanding market access thereby exploiting comparative advantage, but also as a medium of stimulating competition and scale economies, as well as strengthening supply chains, all of which are critical to enhancing the competitiveness ...
Download paper (PDF)
... aggregate demand. In macroeconomic terms, Japan’s high private saving rate was significantly greater than its high private business investment rate, and the gap was too large to be absorbed by an export and current account surplus. This was exacerbated over the past fifteen years, necessitating huge ...
... aggregate demand. In macroeconomic terms, Japan’s high private saving rate was significantly greater than its high private business investment rate, and the gap was too large to be absorbed by an export and current account surplus. This was exacerbated over the past fifteen years, necessitating huge ...
PDF
... 1) a continuation of irrigation and drainage projects, but at reduced levels from earlier periods and to a relatively low level in the fifth plan (1986-90) since most of the available areas had been provided with these services; 2) price supports at guaranteed minimum prices which is carried out by ...
... 1) a continuation of irrigation and drainage projects, but at reduced levels from earlier periods and to a relatively low level in the fifth plan (1986-90) since most of the available areas had been provided with these services; 2) price supports at guaranteed minimum prices which is carried out by ...
2 CRISIS AND REBOUND: THE DIFFERENTIATED IMPACTS, POLICY RESPONSES AND OUTLOOK
... decline was in transport-related and other services that also reflected the drop in merchandise trade, since in the more advanced economies an important share of merchandise trade is captured by services. ...
... decline was in transport-related and other services that also reflected the drop in merchandise trade, since in the more advanced economies an important share of merchandise trade is captured by services. ...
Productivity and Business Policies - CEP
... The main rate of corporate tax was reduced from 33% in 1997 to 28% in 2008. Under the coalition government, it has been steadily reduced and will reach 20% in 2015-16 (so that it will be unified with the small companies rate). Although this represents the ‘lowest rate in the G7’, Bilicka and Devereu ...
... The main rate of corporate tax was reduced from 33% in 1997 to 28% in 2008. Under the coalition government, it has been steadily reduced and will reach 20% in 2015-16 (so that it will be unified with the small companies rate). Although this represents the ‘lowest rate in the G7’, Bilicka and Devereu ...
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OPTIMAL SIZE OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING. THE CASE OF
... according to which the elasticity of governmental expenditures compared to GDP is greater than 1. As countries become more developed, the demand for public goods raises and is consistent with the increasing ability to collect the necessary funds. On the other hand, the “Baumol cost disease”, explain ...
... according to which the elasticity of governmental expenditures compared to GDP is greater than 1. As countries become more developed, the demand for public goods raises and is consistent with the increasing ability to collect the necessary funds. On the other hand, the “Baumol cost disease”, explain ...
C between
... The Japanese entrepreneurs have been influenced greatly by the core national culture, group cooperation. They emphasize the group concept and weaken the self consciousness inside their enterprises. From the outside, the behavior of Japanese entrepreneurs, called “the spirit of ants”—they always gat ...
... The Japanese entrepreneurs have been influenced greatly by the core national culture, group cooperation. They emphasize the group concept and weaken the self consciousness inside their enterprises. From the outside, the behavior of Japanese entrepreneurs, called “the spirit of ants”—they always gat ...
The Importance of Small Business
... privately owned biz employing 3 million workers. Non-agricultural small businesses account for 1/3 of Aust economy and 40% total N. ...
... privately owned biz employing 3 million workers. Non-agricultural small businesses account for 1/3 of Aust economy and 40% total N. ...
The US Semiconductor Industry: A Key Contributor to US Economic
... Jorgenson, D. W., Ho, M. S., & Samuels, J. D. (2014). What Will Revive U.S. Economic Growth? Lessons from a prototype industry-level production account for the United States. Journal of Policy Modeling(36), 674-691. Nathan Associates Inc. (1998). America's Semiconductor Industry: Turbocharging the U ...
... Jorgenson, D. W., Ho, M. S., & Samuels, J. D. (2014). What Will Revive U.S. Economic Growth? Lessons from a prototype industry-level production account for the United States. Journal of Policy Modeling(36), 674-691. Nathan Associates Inc. (1998). America's Semiconductor Industry: Turbocharging the U ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.