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Tutorial 2
Tutorial 2

Economic and Social Conditions in North Africa 2012-2013
Economic and Social Conditions in North Africa 2012-2013

... return back to its 2012 level with a rate ranging around 2.5%. Meanwhile, the temporary solutions to the political deadlock present a real threat of further budgetary difficulties on the future, since the need to rebuild household savings implies an upward pressure on interest rates. 15. Going forwa ...
Comparing growth in GDP and labour productivity
Comparing growth in GDP and labour productivity

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A New Framework for Testing the Effect of Government Spending on

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Financial-Reform-and-Rural-Development

... Credit market development in the rural sector is critical for rural financial deepening in the process of financial development at large. But it has been observed in the context of India that demand for credit is inelastic with regard to the cost of borrowing (Bell et al., 1997), implying the prese ...
Statistics Canada now computes real GDP and the GDP deflator in a
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... hypothetical example, the price of hamburgers has risen so much (from $4 to $10), that the chain volume index, which also incorporates the 2007 price of hamburgers in its weighting, does a better job of capturing the relatively large increase in hamburger production (from 20 to 40) occurring between ...
Globalization and Inequality
Globalization and Inequality

Dr Mansour Al Bataineh
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... • How the rise of information technology compares to these previous revolutions • Whether the computer and the Internet have had an impact on the economy as great as that of other GPTs in previous eras. • Would you say that the personal computer is a ...
Mosaic of reform: forest policy in post-1978 China
Mosaic of reform: forest policy in post-1978 China

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...  Since Adam Smith, economists have argued that free trade can increase production efficiency and living standards. ...
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Growth and Recovery in Mongolia During Transition

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... Frank (1999) used LANDLOCK as an instrument of openness. This arose from the idea that geographic characteristics of each country provided advantages or created limitations for that country in trade with the rest of the world. Therefore, I have borrowed from Frank the use of LANDLOCK as a potential ...
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Occasional Paper on Population and Economy
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Globalization and Inequality: A Long History

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... it’s illegal or those involved want to evade taxes • Federal study suggests the equivalent of 7.5% of GDP or about $750 billion in 2001 ...
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... Land routes and trade activity were fragmented, where goods from the East could come to rest in a market of Central Asia, Persia, Syria or Eastern Anatolia, only to be picked once again and carried to the Roman/Seljuk/Ottoman Empire or large European cities. In the face of these challenges, the way ...
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... recession is classified, and that recessions affect people in different locations and industries in different ways. Under most circumstances the time and tested rule of thumb for defining a recession are at least 2 back to back quarters of declining GDP (Word 8). When the author is speaking of “decl ...
PDF
PDF

... and other foreign inflows. An average of 4.9% GDP growth and a per capita GDP growth of about 2.9% have been recorded for the best part of that period. While the growth performance may not be exceptional this has been significantly above average by African standards. In their study of the “Drivers o ...
Lecture 1 The Facts of Growth
Lecture 1 The Facts of Growth

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Chinese economic reform



The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.
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