Macroeconomic Aggregates
... The Expenditure Method: this measures the total amount that people spend on the final goods and services. (aggregate spending) The Income Method: this measures the total income that is earned by all the workers and businesses that produced goods and services. (aggregate income) The Product Metho ...
... The Expenditure Method: this measures the total amount that people spend on the final goods and services. (aggregate spending) The Income Method: this measures the total income that is earned by all the workers and businesses that produced goods and services. (aggregate income) The Product Metho ...
Sections 6-10
... attempted to use industrial policies to play the facilitating role, but most failed. • The reason is that the government’s targeted industries went against the country’s comparative advantages. – The firms in the industrial policy’s targeted sectors were non-viable in the competitive market. – To su ...
... attempted to use industrial policies to play the facilitating role, but most failed. • The reason is that the government’s targeted industries went against the country’s comparative advantages. – The firms in the industrial policy’s targeted sectors were non-viable in the competitive market. – To su ...
Service Economy--Several Problems about Concept and Distinguishable Criteria
... China)and to Los Angeles are almost equal, but the flight time is seven hours and 15 hours respectively. If taking into account the condition that the ratio of per capita GDP in China is one-eighth of the United States’, per mileage service costs by Chinese consumers is 32 times as much as American ...
... China)and to Los Angeles are almost equal, but the flight time is seven hours and 15 hours respectively. If taking into account the condition that the ratio of per capita GDP in China is one-eighth of the United States’, per mileage service costs by Chinese consumers is 32 times as much as American ...
OECD National Accounts Experts` Meeting, 8 October 2003 Session
... The creation of Patrimonio Spa and Infrastrutture SpA According to the available information ISTAT has decided to classify Infrastrutture SpA in the S.12 sector, as a Financial Intermediary, Patrimonio SpA in the S.13 sector, as a Central Government Institution The rationale of this decision is the ...
... The creation of Patrimonio Spa and Infrastrutture SpA According to the available information ISTAT has decided to classify Infrastrutture SpA in the S.12 sector, as a Financial Intermediary, Patrimonio SpA in the S.13 sector, as a Central Government Institution The rationale of this decision is the ...
Najib Embarks on Bumiputra Policy Reform: Is Real Power Possible
... became an obstacle for foreign companies entering the Malaysian market, but also proved a barrier to open markets under international trade structures like free trade agreements. The fundamental social objectives of the Bumiputra Policy have largely been achieved; rather, the Policy seems to have mo ...
... became an obstacle for foreign companies entering the Malaysian market, but also proved a barrier to open markets under international trade structures like free trade agreements. The fundamental social objectives of the Bumiputra Policy have largely been achieved; rather, the Policy seems to have mo ...
Mining Enclave to Economic Catalyst
... the opposition of vested interests to top-down reform by providing “post-reform” conditions of effective infrastructure and competitive incentives (not subsidies) as well as enabling public services in specific sub-regions. As such, large mineral projects can spearhead a dual track strategy to refor ...
... the opposition of vested interests to top-down reform by providing “post-reform” conditions of effective infrastructure and competitive incentives (not subsidies) as well as enabling public services in specific sub-regions. As such, large mineral projects can spearhead a dual track strategy to refor ...
View/Open
... INTERSECTORAL FACTOR MOBILITY As indicated above, at any point in time there may be factor price differences in the economy. At the sectoral level, except for very mature economies, agricultural wages are lower than non-agricultural wages. Also differences may exist in the rates of return on capital ...
... INTERSECTORAL FACTOR MOBILITY As indicated above, at any point in time there may be factor price differences in the economy. At the sectoral level, except for very mature economies, agricultural wages are lower than non-agricultural wages. Also differences may exist in the rates of return on capital ...
Economics Principles and Applications
... • Consumption is the part of GDP purchased by households as final users – Almost everything households buy during the year is included as part of consumption spending when we calculate GDP ...
... • Consumption is the part of GDP purchased by households as final users – Almost everything households buy during the year is included as part of consumption spending when we calculate GDP ...
КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНАЯ И ДИНАМИЧНАЯ РОССИЯ
... • The scale of almost all available institutional indicators is normalized to frontier societies • It is meaningless to use these indicators beyond the existing productivity frontier • Over the long run, we can tell little or nothing on what may happen to developed world ...
... • The scale of almost all available institutional indicators is normalized to frontier societies • It is meaningless to use these indicators beyond the existing productivity frontier • Over the long run, we can tell little or nothing on what may happen to developed world ...
Output growth differentials within the euro area: are they cyclical or
... dispersion of output gaps (the cyclical component) and of trend growth rates across the euro area countries, in unweighted and weighted terms. As can be seen, there are some striking differences in the way in which the dispersion of output gaps and trend growth rates has developed. As far as the out ...
... dispersion of output gaps (the cyclical component) and of trend growth rates across the euro area countries, in unweighted and weighted terms. As can be seen, there are some striking differences in the way in which the dispersion of output gaps and trend growth rates has developed. As far as the out ...
Chapter 2 - National Treasury
... As of October 2015, 92 projects had been selected as part of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Programme. In aggregate, these projects represent R193 billion in private-sector investment and will add 6 327 MW of capacity to the national electricity grid. To date, 37 of these facilities ...
... As of October 2015, 92 projects had been selected as part of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Programme. In aggregate, these projects represent R193 billion in private-sector investment and will add 6 327 MW of capacity to the national electricity grid. To date, 37 of these facilities ...
Kieger Macro Update
... half of the current expansion. It can take many years from the onset of the Fed starting the tightening cycle until the official recession, which is always made public long after the fact, begins. But still, the onset of an expansion this is not. Stock markets around the world had an abnormally nega ...
... half of the current expansion. It can take many years from the onset of the Fed starting the tightening cycle until the official recession, which is always made public long after the fact, begins. But still, the onset of an expansion this is not. Stock markets around the world had an abnormally nega ...
Retail
... Commerce stocks have already undergone correction, so they are currently attractive for long-term investment. Top picks are CPALL and ROBINS. ...
... Commerce stocks have already undergone correction, so they are currently attractive for long-term investment. Top picks are CPALL and ROBINS. ...
Slide 1
... Revenues increased by 12%, expenditure by 9% while debt service burden increased by ...
... Revenues increased by 12%, expenditure by 9% while debt service burden increased by ...
Some Practice Problems – September 2 , 2011 FE312 Fall
... Although the cost of the basket changes, its composition remains the same as in the base year. For ease of reporting, the official CPI is equal to this ratio multiplied by 100. Note that the ratio of these costs in the base year necessarily equals 1. Thus, if 1990 is the base year, the reported CPI ...
... Although the cost of the basket changes, its composition remains the same as in the base year. For ease of reporting, the official CPI is equal to this ratio multiplied by 100. Note that the ratio of these costs in the base year necessarily equals 1. Thus, if 1990 is the base year, the reported CPI ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.