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LEPTOSPIROSIS
LEPTOSPIROSIS

... • Becoming a common public health problem worldwide • Estimated annual incidence (WHO) – 0.1 to 1 per 100 000 per year in temperate climates – 10 or more per 100 000 per year in the humid tropics – Estimated case-fatality rates in different parts of the world have been reported to range from <5% to ...
B10: Functional role of eicosanoids in host
B10: Functional role of eicosanoids in host

... via the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. There is mounting evidence about their role in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. Among these prostanoids, PGE2 modulates immune and inflammatory responses (1, 2). Similarly leukotrienes, contribute directly to airway inflammation ( ...
The transition from miasma to germ theory in the late nineteenth and
The transition from miasma to germ theory in the late nineteenth and

... posts were often short of medical men, who died as often as their patients and it usually took at least a year before a replacement could arrive from Portugal. This shortage led to the employment of local Goan physicians where necessary. Portuguese were the first of the Europeans who came in contact ...
Hepatitis B Form
Hepatitis B Form

... . Hygienists . Receptionists . Office Managers and Front Office Personnel Hepatitis B Vaccine ...
pac 11 neurology
pac 11 neurology

... 3. Define hematuria and localize disease based on timing of hematuria as occurring at the beginning, end or throughout the urinary stream. 4. Explain classification of hematuria on appearance as microscopic vs. gross. 5. List the most common clinical manifestations associated with hematuria that may ...
Ocular Manifestations of Ebola Virus Disease: An Ophthalmologist`s
Ocular Manifestations of Ebola Virus Disease: An Ophthalmologist`s

Inherited Retinal Diseases - Sight Loss and Vision Priority Setting
Inherited Retinal Diseases - Sight Loss and Vision Priority Setting

... Achromatopsia: A non-progressive and hereditary visual disorder which is characterized by decreased vision, light sensitivity, and the absence of color vision. Alström syndrome is a very rare genetically inherited disease with sight loss due to RP. Asymptomatic: An individual is a carrier for a dise ...
Gram Positive Bacteria
Gram Positive Bacteria

... In persons with structural abnormalities of urinary tract, it can cause cystitis. ...
Inherited Ret Dyst Long list of questions
Inherited Ret Dyst Long list of questions

... Achromatopsia: A non-progressive and hereditary visual disorder which is characterized by decreased vision, light sensitivity, and the absence of color vision. Alström syndrome is a very rare genetically inherited disease with sight loss due to RP. Asymptomatic: An individual is a carrier for a dise ...
Safety Infection Control Student Updated 2014
Safety Infection Control Student Updated 2014

... scratched the dog, drove me to LSSC, scratched my nose, shook hands with my friends, picked up the pen I dropped on the floor in the bathroom, touched door handles, took books off the library shelves, handed my cell phone to my friend (who still has a cold), took the phone back and used it to call h ...
A questionnaire for assessing the impact of socio
A questionnaire for assessing the impact of socio

... stress, temperature seemed to have an higher social class impact on disease and course greater part live inonset urban areas But, this study should be considered as a pilot study ...
Skin Infections I
Skin Infections I

... o Lesions occur most often in moist skin folds (maceration/softening promotes infection) o Arthroconidia can invade outside/within hair root, plugging the root and causing ring-shaped hair loss o Invasion of nail bed causes malformed growth Source of Infection: o Domestic/wild animals or soil o Have ...
EXPOSURE TO TUBERCULOSIS
EXPOSURE TO TUBERCULOSIS

... EXPOSURE TO TUBERCULOSIS ...
WHIM Syndrome
WHIM Syndrome

... Whim syndrome is the acronym for Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, Myelokathexis. It is a genetic syndrome with dominant autosomal inheritance characterized by chronic neutropenia associated with bone marrow hypercellularity (myelokathexis). Although the incidence is unknown, this disease is ...
What is HIV?
What is HIV?

... Socio-economic factors can make women more vulnerable to infection Women are not being educated about their increased risk for HIV infection in schools ...
Prevention of infectious diseases in school children
Prevention of infectious diseases in school children

... There are three different types of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi). They are found everywhere even though you can’t see them. They are found in your body. ...
Prevention of infectious diseases in school children
Prevention of infectious diseases in school children

... There are three different types of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi). They are found everywhere even though you can’t see them. They are found in your body. ...
RR3
RR3

... salivary glands are amongst the most potent vasodilators (4), which induce a large influx of nascent macrophage/monocytic cells, the host cell for the parasite. Leishmania are susceptible to complement-mediated lysis, and it is to the parasites’ advantage to enter the macrophage in an expedient mann ...
Human infections due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum: first report in Iran
Human infections due to Mycobacterium lentiflavum: first report in Iran

... few. Therefore, any kind of disease caused by NTM, especially those presenting with clinical manifestations during their involvement and rare cases would merit being reported for further considerations. Mycobacterium lentiflavum was first identified in 1996 as a disticnt strain (9). Since then, seve ...
Influenza Final 1-04
Influenza Final 1-04

... that will likely prevail in the coming flu season. Vaccination is recommended in the fall for elders, children, persons with chronic illnesses and impaired immunity, and health care workers. The vaccine is usually very effective. However, the virus can often change (or mutate) to another strain late ...
Blood Borne Pathogens
Blood Borne Pathogens

... the liver. HEV does not cause chronic disease and in the United States, HEV is rarely found. HGV is a virus that causes chronic inflammation of the liver. As this virus is very rare, very little is known. As it appears to be associated with individuals who have an HCV infection, it is thought to be ...
Paediatric respiratory disease: past, present and future EDITORIAL: PAEDIATRIC ASSEMBLY
Paediatric respiratory disease: past, present and future EDITORIAL: PAEDIATRIC ASSEMBLY

... and their evolution through childhood. Who would have thought it was good to be born in a barn! It is becoming increasingly clear that even for ‘‘adult’’ diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), antenatal and early life events are at least as important as smoking in adulthood ...
background information the immune system and autoimmune
background information the immune system and autoimmune

... Proteases like elastase are protein-degrading enzymes. They may participate in the destruction of joints in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as other diseases. TNF-alpha, tumour necrosis factor-alpha: Together with interleukin-1, it is one of the primary inflammatory signalling substances in the body. ...
The use of Trichuris suis and other helminth therapies to treat
The use of Trichuris suis and other helminth therapies to treat

... In clinical studies of patients with IBD, exposure to the helminth Trichuris suis reduces disease activity (Elliott et al. 2005; Summers et al. 2005a,b). T. suis is not a human parasite; its eggs are capable of colonizing a human host for several weeks and are eliminated thereafter without any speci ...
Source: CDC and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis.
Source: CDC and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis.

... “Yes, but the risk of transmission from sexual contact is believed to be low. The risk increases for those who have multiple sex partners, have a sexually transmitted disease, engage in rough sex, or are infected with HIV. More research is needed to better understand how and when Hepatitis C can be ...
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Transmission (medicine)

In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.The term usually refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means: droplet contact – coughing or sneezing on another individual direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact indirect physical contact – usually by touching soil contamination or a contaminated surface (fomite) airborne transmission – if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods fecal-oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine and developing countries.Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles.
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