Macrophages induce an allergen-specific and long-term suppression in a mouse asthma model
... diacetate (CMFDA) and were administered (i.v.) into OVA-sensitised BALB/c mice. After 20 h, the relevant organs were dissected and analysed using fluorescent microscopy. Allergen-specificity was investigated by treating OVA-sensitised mice with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-Mw activated with immu ...
... diacetate (CMFDA) and were administered (i.v.) into OVA-sensitised BALB/c mice. After 20 h, the relevant organs were dissected and analysed using fluorescent microscopy. Allergen-specificity was investigated by treating OVA-sensitised mice with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-Mw activated with immu ...
Listeria Monocytogenes Protein Fraction Induces Dendritic Cells
... and the adjuvant ability is not limited to the well known factors. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive, facultative and intracellular bacterium that particularly is known for diffusion between bystander cells by disrupting phagosomal membrane and organized actin based motility within cytoplasm ...
... and the adjuvant ability is not limited to the well known factors. Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive, facultative and intracellular bacterium that particularly is known for diffusion between bystander cells by disrupting phagosomal membrane and organized actin based motility within cytoplasm ...
Host defence mechanisms against bacterial aggression in
... matory processes. It can be activated by the alternative pathway (LPS or other bacterial products) or by the classical pathway (detection of antigen-antibody complexes), giving rise to bacterial opsonisation (2). Complement activation is considered a protective mechanism in antibacterial immunity, a ...
... matory processes. It can be activated by the alternative pathway (LPS or other bacterial products) or by the classical pathway (detection of antigen-antibody complexes), giving rise to bacterial opsonisation (2). Complement activation is considered a protective mechanism in antibacterial immunity, a ...
Mendelian traits causing susceptibility to mucocutaneous fungal
... Dermatophyte infections are cutaneous infections with Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton species that extend into the epidermis of the skin and also include invasive hair and nail infections. Dermatophytoses can be severe, resulting in disfigurements.12,13 Tinea infections (commonly calle ...
... Dermatophyte infections are cutaneous infections with Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton species that extend into the epidermis of the skin and also include invasive hair and nail infections. Dermatophytoses can be severe, resulting in disfigurements.12,13 Tinea infections (commonly calle ...
T cell development and self tolerance PPT
... RESTRICTED in their recognition of antigen by self MHC i.e. selection of the USEFUL ...
... RESTRICTED in their recognition of antigen by self MHC i.e. selection of the USEFUL ...
Role of the Immune Response during Neuro
... Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) as specified by the manufacturer, with a slight modification. Briefly, tissue sections were rehydrated, quenched in peroxide (H2O2), and blocked in 3.5% goat serum (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). Tissue sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with the primary anti ...
... Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) as specified by the manufacturer, with a slight modification. Briefly, tissue sections were rehydrated, quenched in peroxide (H2O2), and blocked in 3.5% goat serum (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). Tissue sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with the primary anti ...
Analysis of tumour infiltrating leukocytes in colon cancer
... In 2004 the world health organisation,WHO, listed the top ten causes of death by broad income in high income countries. Colon cancer was in 7th place as a disease that killed 0.27 million people that year which made up 3.3% of all deaths that year. 1 Although most cases of colon carcinoma are curabl ...
... In 2004 the world health organisation,WHO, listed the top ten causes of death by broad income in high income countries. Colon cancer was in 7th place as a disease that killed 0.27 million people that year which made up 3.3% of all deaths that year. 1 Although most cases of colon carcinoma are curabl ...
Lund_Apr04
... split some of the alleles in the B27 supertype into a new B39 supertype. the B8 alleles may define their own supertype The specificities of the class II molecules can be ...
... split some of the alleles in the B27 supertype into a new B39 supertype. the B8 alleles may define their own supertype The specificities of the class II molecules can be ...
Functional Switching and Stability of Regulatory T Cells
... Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the contraction of the immune response. These cells are recruited and activated during an adaptive immune response and are critical in preventing excessive immune reactions (Sakaguchi 2010). Along with the role they play in contracting a normal immune re ...
... Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the contraction of the immune response. These cells are recruited and activated during an adaptive immune response and are critical in preventing excessive immune reactions (Sakaguchi 2010). Along with the role they play in contracting a normal immune re ...
Inflammation in the Bovine Female Reproductive Tract
... Tritrichomonas foetus-are well adapted to the female genital tract and can persist for months after infection at coitus (51, 52). Both agents are noninvasive, (i.e., they are uterine lumen dwellers existing in the extracelluar compartment). Both can cause mild to moderate inflammation of the mucosae ...
... Tritrichomonas foetus-are well adapted to the female genital tract and can persist for months after infection at coitus (51, 52). Both agents are noninvasive, (i.e., they are uterine lumen dwellers existing in the extracelluar compartment). Both can cause mild to moderate inflammation of the mucosae ...
A c a d
... these cell-cell interactions result in the activation of macrophages and induction of the inflammatory process, culminating in degradation and resorption of cartilage and bone. Pro-inflammatory cytokines particularly TNF and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are critical components of this process. Cytokines are ...
... these cell-cell interactions result in the activation of macrophages and induction of the inflammatory process, culminating in degradation and resorption of cartilage and bone. Pro-inflammatory cytokines particularly TNF and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are critical components of this process. Cytokines are ...
Sleep, the Immune System and the Common Cold
... secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines which support the innate immune response against foreign cells and toxins. Th2 cells, on the other hand, generally produce more anti-inflammatory cytokines and support an adaptive immune response. The adaptive response includes the production of antibodies by B cel ...
... secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines which support the innate immune response against foreign cells and toxins. Th2 cells, on the other hand, generally produce more anti-inflammatory cytokines and support an adaptive immune response. The adaptive response includes the production of antibodies by B cel ...
Document
... 2 category:Exogenous superantigen eg.Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A-E Endogenous superantigen eg. mouse mammary tumor virus protein 3 difference with common antigen： 1）low dose, but strong response 2）not constraint by MHC 3）recognition is not specific，and procession and presentation is not requ ...
... 2 category:Exogenous superantigen eg.Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A-E Endogenous superantigen eg. mouse mammary tumor virus protein 3 difference with common antigen： 1）low dose, but strong response 2）not constraint by MHC 3）recognition is not specific，and procession and presentation is not requ ...
Treatment of CFS: the USA Experience
... CDC Wichita study: 85% undiagnosed, 50% reduction in household income – 9 billion/yr US loss ...
... CDC Wichita study: 85% undiagnosed, 50% reduction in household income – 9 billion/yr US loss ...
Butyrate and Mucosal Inflammation: New Scientific
... Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are bacterial metabolites generated via the fermentation of dietary fibers. Luminal SCFAs are recognized as a preferred energy substrate for the colonic epithelium. As early as the 1980s, SCFAs were observed to offer therape ...
... Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are bacterial metabolites generated via the fermentation of dietary fibers. Luminal SCFAs are recognized as a preferred energy substrate for the colonic epithelium. As early as the 1980s, SCFAs were observed to offer therape ...
Review of Immunology in Allergic Disease
... undergo isotype class switching under the influence of T cells (TH2) and certain antigens. T cells travel from the bone marrow and mature in the thymus. They recognize peptide fragments of foreign proteins bound to self-major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) in other cells in the body. T helper cells ...
... undergo isotype class switching under the influence of T cells (TH2) and certain antigens. T cells travel from the bone marrow and mature in the thymus. They recognize peptide fragments of foreign proteins bound to self-major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) in other cells in the body. T helper cells ...
A review of the human vs. porcine female genital tract
... The comparison of women and sows has shown that despite some gross anatomical differences, the structures and proportion of layers undergoing cyclic alterations are very similar. Reproductive hormonal cycles are closely related, only showing a slight difference in cycle length and source of luteolys ...
... The comparison of women and sows has shown that despite some gross anatomical differences, the structures and proportion of layers undergoing cyclic alterations are very similar. Reproductive hormonal cycles are closely related, only showing a slight difference in cycle length and source of luteolys ...
Arachidonic-acid-derived eicosanoids: roles in biology and
... acids [1–3]. AA-derived eicosanoids exert complex control over a wide range of physiological processes (Table 1). Many important aspects of immunity, such as cytokine production, antibody formation, differentiation, cell proliferation, migration and antigen presentation, are regulated by eicosanoids ...
... acids [1–3]. AA-derived eicosanoids exert complex control over a wide range of physiological processes (Table 1). Many important aspects of immunity, such as cytokine production, antibody formation, differentiation, cell proliferation, migration and antigen presentation, are regulated by eicosanoids ...
Challenge Recovery from Secondary Poxvirus to Humoral Immunity
... described (15) in BS-C-1 cells. Cell lines. MC57G (ATCC CRL-2295), YAC-1 (ATCC TIB160), and BS-C-1 (ATCC CCL-26) cells were maintained in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (Gibco, Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA) with 2 mM Lglutamine, antibiotics, and 5 to 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Mice. Female, spe ...
... described (15) in BS-C-1 cells. Cell lines. MC57G (ATCC CRL-2295), YAC-1 (ATCC TIB160), and BS-C-1 (ATCC CCL-26) cells were maintained in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (Gibco, Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA) with 2 mM Lglutamine, antibiotics, and 5 to 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Mice. Female, spe ...
Catabolic Cytokine Expressions in Patients with Degenerative Disc
... reactions could play a key role in lumbar DDD. Although there are several studies in relation to the lumbar disc herniation, no study has yet attempted to ...
... reactions could play a key role in lumbar DDD. Although there are several studies in relation to the lumbar disc herniation, no study has yet attempted to ...
Aviremia 10 Years Postdiscontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy
... surpassed that of chronic ART-treated individuals who were virologically suppressed for ≥1 year (median 24%, n = 42; our unpublished observations). This result suggests that our patient’s CD8+ T-cell antiviral responses were likely to be a contributing factor to her virological control, rather than ...
... surpassed that of chronic ART-treated individuals who were virologically suppressed for ≥1 year (median 24%, n = 42; our unpublished observations). This result suggests that our patient’s CD8+ T-cell antiviral responses were likely to be a contributing factor to her virological control, rather than ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.