Activation of dendritic cells: translating innate into adaptive immunity
... Innate recognition of infection in vertebrates can lead to the induction of adaptive immune responses through activation of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are activated directly by conserved pathogen molecules and indirectly by inflammatory mediators produced by other cell types that recognise such mole ...
... Innate recognition of infection in vertebrates can lead to the induction of adaptive immune responses through activation of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are activated directly by conserved pathogen molecules and indirectly by inflammatory mediators produced by other cell types that recognise such mole ...
Dissecting Immune Responses
... superficial understanding of the immunology of the disease in the target species. Evidence from model virus systems in laboratory animals has shown that, while either antibody or T cell-mediated effector mechanisms can have a dominant role in immunity to different viruses, both arms of the immune re ...
... superficial understanding of the immunology of the disease in the target species. Evidence from model virus systems in laboratory animals has shown that, while either antibody or T cell-mediated effector mechanisms can have a dominant role in immunity to different viruses, both arms of the immune re ...
Cell Communication - The American Association of Immunologists
... introduced following transplantation and cells that have been infected with pathogens or viruses. CD4T (helper T cell) secrete chemical signals called cytokines (chemokines) that activate or enhance the immune system. In turn, two types of helper T-cells are produced. Th1 cells are involved in cell- ...
... introduced following transplantation and cells that have been infected with pathogens or viruses. CD4T (helper T cell) secrete chemical signals called cytokines (chemokines) that activate or enhance the immune system. In turn, two types of helper T-cells are produced. Th1 cells are involved in cell- ...
The Immune System
... Cause macrophages to become activated macrophages, which are insatiable phagocytes that secrete bactericidal chemicals ...
... Cause macrophages to become activated macrophages, which are insatiable phagocytes that secrete bactericidal chemicals ...
10_21_tcelld~1
... Changes in the expression of cell-surface molecules accompany the thymic differentiation of T cells: – entering thymocytes are TCR, CD3, CD4, and CD8-negative – as thymocytes mature, and undergo rearrangement of their TCR genes to generate a functional TCR, they begin to express CD3, CD4, and CD8 – ...
... Changes in the expression of cell-surface molecules accompany the thymic differentiation of T cells: – entering thymocytes are TCR, CD3, CD4, and CD8-negative – as thymocytes mature, and undergo rearrangement of their TCR genes to generate a functional TCR, they begin to express CD3, CD4, and CD8 – ...
Evolution and Human Health - NAU jan.ucc.nau.edu web server
... tetanus and death in humans when it enters a wound — but humans are not ordinarily hosts for the bacterium and bacteria are not transmitted from human to human ...
... tetanus and death in humans when it enters a wound — but humans are not ordinarily hosts for the bacterium and bacteria are not transmitted from human to human ...
Pattern recognition by primary and secondary response of an
... (Tk), the Epithelial cells (Ep) or generic virus-target cells, and various lymphokines such as the interferon-c (IFN). They are necessary to simulate the cellular response. We will not mention this any further because in the following experiments all the interactions driving the T killer activation ...
... (Tk), the Epithelial cells (Ep) or generic virus-target cells, and various lymphokines such as the interferon-c (IFN). They are necessary to simulate the cellular response. We will not mention this any further because in the following experiments all the interactions driving the T killer activation ...
Inducing and expanding regulatory T cell populations by foreign
... Different routes of administration of anti-DEC–HA (intraperitoneal, intravenous and subcutaneous) were similarly efficient in CD25+ suppressor T cell induction (data not shown). Also, prolonged subcutaneous infusion of small amounts of anti-DEC–HA (10 ng/d for 14 d) by means of osmotic minipumps did ...
... Different routes of administration of anti-DEC–HA (intraperitoneal, intravenous and subcutaneous) were similarly efficient in CD25+ suppressor T cell induction (data not shown). Also, prolonged subcutaneous infusion of small amounts of anti-DEC–HA (10 ng/d for 14 d) by means of osmotic minipumps did ...
Inflammation: Immune Protection or Harmful
... Which diseases or conditions have an initial inflammatory component? What are the latest diagnostic tests to determine beneficial or harmful chemical mediators of the immune system? e) What are the current therapies (drugs, nutrition, and alternative) related to controlling cytokines and promoting l ...
... Which diseases or conditions have an initial inflammatory component? What are the latest diagnostic tests to determine beneficial or harmful chemical mediators of the immune system? e) What are the current therapies (drugs, nutrition, and alternative) related to controlling cytokines and promoting l ...
The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Part A
... Become immunocompetent before they encounter antigens they may later attack Are exported to secondary lymphoid tissue where encounters with antigens occur Mature into fully functional antigen-activated cells upon binding with their recognized antigen It is genes, not antigens, that determine which f ...
... Become immunocompetent before they encounter antigens they may later attack Are exported to secondary lymphoid tissue where encounters with antigens occur Mature into fully functional antigen-activated cells upon binding with their recognized antigen It is genes, not antigens, that determine which f ...
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Posters Abstracts
... that are incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells, such as BrDU, or deuterium from heavy water or deuterated glucose. However, interpretation of these data can be complicated. Death rates of labelled cells may not be representative of the population as a whole; resolving heterogeneity in turnover ...
... that are incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells, such as BrDU, or deuterium from heavy water or deuterated glucose. However, interpretation of these data can be complicated. Death rates of labelled cells may not be representative of the population as a whole; resolving heterogeneity in turnover ...
Adaptive Immune System and the Eye: Mucosal
... chronic inflammatory processes join other chronic inflammatory diseases among the main categories of afflictions that burden aging populations. The chronic inflammatory mucosal immune disorders of the visual system are subsumed under the prosaic rubric, dry eye disease. Other names have been suggest ...
... chronic inflammatory processes join other chronic inflammatory diseases among the main categories of afflictions that burden aging populations. The chronic inflammatory mucosal immune disorders of the visual system are subsumed under the prosaic rubric, dry eye disease. Other names have been suggest ...
Pathophysiology Name Homework for Chapter 7, Part 2
... D) blue coloration in the tips of the fingers and nose in cold weather 33. A biopsy of tissues from a patient with kidney disease reveals deposition of immune complexes containing antinuclear antibodies. Further tests reveal that the same complexes have also been deposited in the brain, heart and ot ...
... D) blue coloration in the tips of the fingers and nose in cold weather 33. A biopsy of tissues from a patient with kidney disease reveals deposition of immune complexes containing antinuclear antibodies. Further tests reveal that the same complexes have also been deposited in the brain, heart and ot ...
Development of Mouse Hybridomas by Fusion of Myeloma Cells
... cost. Most laboratories engaged in the production of MAbs currently use lymphocytes from spleen. In the present study, a total of 10 fusions were carried out using lymphocytes from spleen and lymph nodes separately after immunizing animals with different antigens. Table 1 shows the number of total h ...
... cost. Most laboratories engaged in the production of MAbs currently use lymphocytes from spleen. In the present study, a total of 10 fusions were carried out using lymphocytes from spleen and lymph nodes separately after immunizing animals with different antigens. Table 1 shows the number of total h ...
X-linked hyper IgM syndrome = CD40 ligand deficiency
... •The most significant problem is the inability of cells to attach to the vascular endothelium and migrate to sites of inflammation •LAD type 1 (LAD-1): deficient expression of β2 integrins due to CD18 gene mutations •LAD type 2 (LAD-2): absence of sialyl Lewis X: ligand on neutrophils required for b ...
... •The most significant problem is the inability of cells to attach to the vascular endothelium and migrate to sites of inflammation •LAD type 1 (LAD-1): deficient expression of β2 integrins due to CD18 gene mutations •LAD type 2 (LAD-2): absence of sialyl Lewis X: ligand on neutrophils required for b ...
exercise and immune system
... immune function associated with periods of heavy training. One mechanism may simply be the cumulative effects of repeated bouts of intense exercise (with or without tissue damage) with the consequent elevation of stress hormones, particularly glucocorticoids such as cortisol, causing temporary inhib ...
... immune function associated with periods of heavy training. One mechanism may simply be the cumulative effects of repeated bouts of intense exercise (with or without tissue damage) with the consequent elevation of stress hormones, particularly glucocorticoids such as cortisol, causing temporary inhib ...
Using nCounter® RNA:Protein Profiling Technology
... Digital Measurement of Protein Expression Specific hybridization of fluorescent barcodes to nucleic acid targets in solution is the foundation of NanoString’s single-molecule detection technology10. Recently, this technology was adapted by Ullal et al. (2014; Sci Transl Med) to enable detection of p ...
... Digital Measurement of Protein Expression Specific hybridization of fluorescent barcodes to nucleic acid targets in solution is the foundation of NanoString’s single-molecule detection technology10. Recently, this technology was adapted by Ullal et al. (2014; Sci Transl Med) to enable detection of p ...
Is there any kind of adaptive immunity in invertebrates?
... with respect to immunoglobulins ŽIgs., T cell receptors ŽTCRs., the Major histocompatibility complex ŽMhc., and memory T cells ŽKlein, 1989.. Based on the assumed lack of antigen receptor diversity in invertebrates, Klein postulated that anticipatory Žmemory. and non-anticipatory immune responses we ...
... with respect to immunoglobulins ŽIgs., T cell receptors ŽTCRs., the Major histocompatibility complex ŽMhc., and memory T cells ŽKlein, 1989.. Based on the assumed lack of antigen receptor diversity in invertebrates, Klein postulated that anticipatory Žmemory. and non-anticipatory immune responses we ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.