Hitting the right button: MAVS-mediated defense against HAV infection
... causing STING-mediated damage in infected hepatocytes, alcohol-induced and STING-mediated IRF3 activation can cause hepatocyte apoptosis in the context of ER stress [8]. The mechanisms that determine the outcome of RIG-I/MDA5/MAVS or cGAS/STING activation for induction of cell death remain unclear b ...
... causing STING-mediated damage in infected hepatocytes, alcohol-induced and STING-mediated IRF3 activation can cause hepatocyte apoptosis in the context of ER stress [8]. The mechanisms that determine the outcome of RIG-I/MDA5/MAVS or cGAS/STING activation for induction of cell death remain unclear b ...
What is the basis of an allergic reaction
... allergen on a cell membrane, Lyse cells are coated with an antibody. This type is thought to cause autoimmune disease tumor rejections and parasite rejection (Gell & Coombs, 1963). ...
... allergen on a cell membrane, Lyse cells are coated with an antibody. This type is thought to cause autoimmune disease tumor rejections and parasite rejection (Gell & Coombs, 1963). ...
Lymphocytes
... Antigen presenting cells include a variety of cell types including; macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells. T cells also can turn still other cells into auxiliary APC's by secreting gamma interferon (e.g. endothelial cells). 3. Subtypes of T cells carry out individual functions. Subtypes of T ...
... Antigen presenting cells include a variety of cell types including; macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells. T cells also can turn still other cells into auxiliary APC's by secreting gamma interferon (e.g. endothelial cells). 3. Subtypes of T cells carry out individual functions. Subtypes of T ...
Chapter 16: Adaptive Immunity
... Processed antigens are of 2 types: 1) proteins produced within a cell (endogenous) are digested into peptides which are presented on the cell surface by MHC class I molecules • occurs in almost all cells of the body • provides a “sample” of intracellular material to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (TC) ...
... Processed antigens are of 2 types: 1) proteins produced within a cell (endogenous) are digested into peptides which are presented on the cell surface by MHC class I molecules • occurs in almost all cells of the body • provides a “sample” of intracellular material to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (TC) ...
Acute Pain and Immune Impairment
... irtually all people and animals experience pain at some time in their lives. The pervasiveness of pain makes it important to pursue observations of potential immune dysfunction due to pain. These observations date back only 20 years, starting with reports from the laboratory of John Liebeskind that ...
... irtually all people and animals experience pain at some time in their lives. The pervasiveness of pain makes it important to pursue observations of potential immune dysfunction due to pain. These observations date back only 20 years, starting with reports from the laboratory of John Liebeskind that ...
Transplantation Immunology
... IFN - is central to the development of DTH response. TNF - has direct cytotoxic effect on the cells of graft. A number of cytokines promote graft rejection by inducing expression of class – I or class – II MHC molecule on graft cell. The interferon (α, and ), TNF – α and TNF - all increases ...
... IFN - is central to the development of DTH response. TNF - has direct cytotoxic effect on the cells of graft. A number of cytokines promote graft rejection by inducing expression of class – I or class – II MHC molecule on graft cell. The interferon (α, and ), TNF – α and TNF - all increases ...
Blood/Immunity Lab - University of Missouri
... production of RBC’s, or decreased hemoglobin synthesis (or destruction), resulting in inability to Utilize oxygen properly ...
... production of RBC’s, or decreased hemoglobin synthesis (or destruction), resulting in inability to Utilize oxygen properly ...
doc
... 1. Normal Flora: In terms of cell numbers, humans are 90% bacteria representing a least 1000 different bacterial species. Normal flora can protect the host, but in some cases, can also cause disease. 2. Exogenous contact: Food-borne (oral), respiratory, sexual, vector-borne etc. 3. Saprophytes 4. Zo ...
... 1. Normal Flora: In terms of cell numbers, humans are 90% bacteria representing a least 1000 different bacterial species. Normal flora can protect the host, but in some cases, can also cause disease. 2. Exogenous contact: Food-borne (oral), respiratory, sexual, vector-borne etc. 3. Saprophytes 4. Zo ...
Leonie Hussaarts Department of Parasitology, Leiden
... increased IL-4 and decreased IFN-γ levels. We next investigated whether antigens from helminth parasites, the strongest natural inducers of Th2 responses, affect the mTOR pathway. To this end, we used Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and omega-1, which is a single molecule recently iden ...
... increased IL-4 and decreased IFN-γ levels. We next investigated whether antigens from helminth parasites, the strongest natural inducers of Th2 responses, affect the mTOR pathway. To this end, we used Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and omega-1, which is a single molecule recently iden ...
International Trained-PharmD (ITPD
... infections with regard to: preventing the infection; controlling spread of viruses in the body; which is responsible for recovery from disease; how each can cause immunopathology. 2. Discuss the possible roles of Th1 and CTL in recovery from virus infection. 3. Define "local immunity" and give an ex ...
... infections with regard to: preventing the infection; controlling spread of viruses in the body; which is responsible for recovery from disease; how each can cause immunopathology. 2. Discuss the possible roles of Th1 and CTL in recovery from virus infection. 3. Define "local immunity" and give an ex ...
Vaccination – the act of artificially acquiring a disease so as to
... • The skin acts as a barrier to prevent bacteria entering the body. It also filters out toxins through fever, which is the purpose of a fever when your child is ill. • The nasal hairs prevent foreign particles from travelling up the nose, and the mucous membranes excrete a substance which is anti-ba ...
... • The skin acts as a barrier to prevent bacteria entering the body. It also filters out toxins through fever, which is the purpose of a fever when your child is ill. • The nasal hairs prevent foreign particles from travelling up the nose, and the mucous membranes excrete a substance which is anti-ba ...
Immune defense at the ocular surface
... neutrophils move through endothelial cells of the limbal vasculature by adhesion to receptors on vascular endothelial cells, a process called diapedesis. The neutrophil is a critical effector cell in innate immunity and plays vital roles in phagocytosis and microbial killing.20 Eosinophils possess s ...
... neutrophils move through endothelial cells of the limbal vasculature by adhesion to receptors on vascular endothelial cells, a process called diapedesis. The neutrophil is a critical effector cell in innate immunity and plays vital roles in phagocytosis and microbial killing.20 Eosinophils possess s ...
Ch15AdaptiveImmuneF13HO
... secrete large quantities of antibody molecules that bind to antigen X. Memory B cells: These long-lived descendants of activated B cells recognize antigen X when it is encountered again. ...
... secrete large quantities of antibody molecules that bind to antigen X. Memory B cells: These long-lived descendants of activated B cells recognize antigen X when it is encountered again. ...
40-2 The Immune System
... infected tissues. Many are phagocytes, which engulf and destroy bacteria. The infected tissue may become swollen and painful. Slide 15 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... infected tissues. Many are phagocytes, which engulf and destroy bacteria. The infected tissue may become swollen and painful. Slide 15 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
interaction of tcr with mhc and antigen
... Two distinct types of molecule are involved in the recognition of foreign antigen which leads to the initiation of adaptive immune response -- the immunoglobulins (Ig) and the T-cell antigen receptors (TCR). Characteristic features of Ig and TCR are: (1) diversity and heterogeneity, (2) gene rearran ...
... Two distinct types of molecule are involved in the recognition of foreign antigen which leads to the initiation of adaptive immune response -- the immunoglobulins (Ig) and the T-cell antigen receptors (TCR). Characteristic features of Ig and TCR are: (1) diversity and heterogeneity, (2) gene rearran ...
development of autoimmunity
... A transcription factor expressed by thymic medullary epithelial cells and induces expression of many tissue-specific genes Deficiency in establishing central T-cell tolerance ...
... A transcription factor expressed by thymic medullary epithelial cells and induces expression of many tissue-specific genes Deficiency in establishing central T-cell tolerance ...
T Cells
... reactive when attached to protein carriers • If they link up with the body’s proteins, the adaptive immune system may recognize them as foreign and mount a harmful attack (allergy) • Haptens are found in poison ivy, dander, some detergents, and cosmetics ...
... reactive when attached to protein carriers • If they link up with the body’s proteins, the adaptive immune system may recognize them as foreign and mount a harmful attack (allergy) • Haptens are found in poison ivy, dander, some detergents, and cosmetics ...
this PDF file - Smart Science Technology
... and specific immunosuppressive methodologies to help protecting transplanted organ or tissue from acute and chronic immune rejection, and minimizing the side effects accompanied with conventional immunosuppressant drugs [10]. From these backgrounds, we hypothesized that immune protection of ESCs- or ...
... and specific immunosuppressive methodologies to help protecting transplanted organ or tissue from acute and chronic immune rejection, and minimizing the side effects accompanied with conventional immunosuppressant drugs [10]. From these backgrounds, we hypothesized that immune protection of ESCs- or ...
Dissecting Immune Responses
... superficial understanding of the immunology of the disease in the target species. Evidence from model virus systems in laboratory animals has shown that, while either antibody or T cell-mediated effector mechanisms can have a dominant role in immunity to different viruses, both arms of the immune re ...
... superficial understanding of the immunology of the disease in the target species. Evidence from model virus systems in laboratory animals has shown that, while either antibody or T cell-mediated effector mechanisms can have a dominant role in immunity to different viruses, both arms of the immune re ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.