Resveratrol attenuates L-DOPA-induced hydrogen
... proposed as a protective therapy in various neurodegenerative diseases [1,2]. Neurons readily take up these antioxidants; however, if Fe3 + ions become available, for example in the damaged brain, these antioxidants can reduce it to the redox active Fe2 + . When endogenous H2O2 reacts with reduced i ...
... proposed as a protective therapy in various neurodegenerative diseases [1,2]. Neurons readily take up these antioxidants; however, if Fe3 + ions become available, for example in the damaged brain, these antioxidants can reduce it to the redox active Fe2 + . When endogenous H2O2 reacts with reduced i ...
Regulatory T cells - TARA
... shown to be mediated either through secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines or by cell-tocell contact (FIG. 3). Many studies have demonstrated that suppression mediated by Tr1 or Th3 cells can be reversed using anti-IL-10 or anti-TGF- antibodies. IL-10 inhibits TNF- and IL-12 production, whereas ...
... shown to be mediated either through secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines or by cell-tocell contact (FIG. 3). Many studies have demonstrated that suppression mediated by Tr1 or Th3 cells can be reversed using anti-IL-10 or anti-TGF- antibodies. IL-10 inhibits TNF- and IL-12 production, whereas ...
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV
... to increase the number of HTLV-I-infected cells work efficiently in most carriers without any adverse effects. However, the increased number of infected cells causes an excess immune reaction, leading to inflammatory diseases, HAM/TSP, infective dermatitis [61] or HTLV-I-associated uveitis [62]. Mor ...
... to increase the number of HTLV-I-infected cells work efficiently in most carriers without any adverse effects. However, the increased number of infected cells causes an excess immune reaction, leading to inflammatory diseases, HAM/TSP, infective dermatitis [61] or HTLV-I-associated uveitis [62]. Mor ...
Jennifer Orthmann-Murphey, M.D., Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow
... people with MS experience result from damage to regions of the brain and spinal cord. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain has been useful in diagnosing and following the course of MS. The spinal cord has very clearly defined regions of nerve cells and nerve fibers, but the much smaller siz ...
... people with MS experience result from damage to regions of the brain and spinal cord. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain has been useful in diagnosing and following the course of MS. The spinal cord has very clearly defined regions of nerve cells and nerve fibers, but the much smaller siz ...
Immune response to tuberculosis infection
... [7][20]. Mycobacteria are obligate aeroob, non-spore forming, non-motile, rod shaped, acid-fast micro-organisms. Their cell walls are rich in complex lipids and waxes containing mycolic acid [16]. Mycobacteria are intracellular pathogens that reside mainly within macrophages and grow best in tissues ...
... [7][20]. Mycobacteria are obligate aeroob, non-spore forming, non-motile, rod shaped, acid-fast micro-organisms. Their cell walls are rich in complex lipids and waxes containing mycolic acid [16]. Mycobacteria are intracellular pathogens that reside mainly within macrophages and grow best in tissues ...
T Cell Expression of MyD88 Is + CD4 Essential for Normal Resolution of
... also been observed in models of infection and autoimmunity. In a murine model of Toxoplasma gondii infection, control of infection was impaired even when MyD88-deficient adaptive immune cells were activated in the presence of normal APCs (43). These findings were recapitulated in two independent stu ...
... also been observed in models of infection and autoimmunity. In a murine model of Toxoplasma gondii infection, control of infection was impaired even when MyD88-deficient adaptive immune cells were activated in the presence of normal APCs (43). These findings were recapitulated in two independent stu ...
cell loss caused by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
... immune responses protect rhesus macaques that are infected with recombinant simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV89.6p from acute CD4+ T-cell loss and delay progression to AIDS. However, similar strategies have not proven as efficacious in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac model of AIDS, ...
... immune responses protect rhesus macaques that are infected with recombinant simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV89.6p from acute CD4+ T-cell loss and delay progression to AIDS. However, similar strategies have not proven as efficacious in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac model of AIDS, ...
The Cytokeratin Filament-Aggregating Protein Filaggrin Is the Target
... human epidermal filaggrin recently produced in our laboratory, showing that filaggrin and the RA antigen present several common epitopes (Fig. 3 A). The close relationship between filaggrin and the 40K antigen was also confirmed by Cleveland peptide-mapping studies with S. aureus V8 protease digesti ...
... human epidermal filaggrin recently produced in our laboratory, showing that filaggrin and the RA antigen present several common epitopes (Fig. 3 A). The close relationship between filaggrin and the 40K antigen was also confirmed by Cleveland peptide-mapping studies with S. aureus V8 protease digesti ...
Homeostasis and function of T cells in healthy - UvA-DARE
... pathogens 1-3. Furthermore, they are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic responses 4;5. CD4+ T cells consist of several different T helper (Th) lineages, including Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) 6;7. Additionally, in CMV-infected indivi ...
... pathogens 1-3. Furthermore, they are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic responses 4;5. CD4+ T cells consist of several different T helper (Th) lineages, including Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) 6;7. Additionally, in CMV-infected indivi ...
Controlling a Chronic Viral Infection and Nucleic Acid
... during the control of chronic viral infections and how innate immune activation may influence pathogenesis. The innate immune system senses virus infection primarily, but not exclusively, through the recognition of viral nucleic acid. The main pattern recognition receptors involved in sensing of vir ...
... during the control of chronic viral infections and how innate immune activation may influence pathogenesis. The innate immune system senses virus infection primarily, but not exclusively, through the recognition of viral nucleic acid. The main pattern recognition receptors involved in sensing of vir ...
Gold, M.C., M.W. Munks, M. Wagner, C.W. McMahon, A. Kelly, D.G. Kavanagh, M.K. Slifka, U.H. Koszinowski, D.H. Raulet, and A.B. Hill. 2004. Murine cytomegalovirus interference with antigen presentation has little effect on the size or the effector memory phenotype of the CD8 T cell response. J Immunol 172:6944-6953.
... The impact of VIPR function on MCMV infection remains largely unexplored, and is not readily predicted from the literature on the role of CD8 T cells in controlling MCMV infection. For instance, even when VIPRs are functional, CD8 T cells can impair wild-type MCMV replication in vivo. Adoptively tra ...
... The impact of VIPR function on MCMV infection remains largely unexplored, and is not readily predicted from the literature on the role of CD8 T cells in controlling MCMV infection. For instance, even when VIPRs are functional, CD8 T cells can impair wild-type MCMV replication in vivo. Adoptively tra ...
Simvastatin and Recombinant Antagonist of Receptors of Interleukin
... cells to lose IFNγ but unregulated IL-17expression. In vivo, the loss of TLR4 selectively in CD4+ T cells led to decreased IFNγ and IL-17 production only at the site of inflammation, not in the periphery, further indicating that TLR4 is not involved in the initial generation of Th1 or Th17 cells. TLR ...
... cells to lose IFNγ but unregulated IL-17expression. In vivo, the loss of TLR4 selectively in CD4+ T cells led to decreased IFNγ and IL-17 production only at the site of inflammation, not in the periphery, further indicating that TLR4 is not involved in the initial generation of Th1 or Th17 cells. TLR ...
Prima BioMed Ltd (Form: 6-K, Received: 07/10/2015
... dollar milestone payment from GSK triggered a payment of approximately the same amount to the former owners of Immutep, so it was partly a “self-funding” transaction. All potential future GSK milestone payments, which are substantial, as well as all potential future royalties, will be retained by Pr ...
... dollar milestone payment from GSK triggered a payment of approximately the same amount to the former owners of Immutep, so it was partly a “self-funding” transaction. All potential future GSK milestone payments, which are substantial, as well as all potential future royalties, will be retained by Pr ...
Oncogenic regulation of tumor metabolic reprogramming
... malignant transformation of cells that acquire functional and genetic abnormalities, leading to tumor development and progression. In some cases, cancer cells have the ability to invade other tissues resulting in metastasis, the major cause of death from cancer. According to the most recent data rel ...
... malignant transformation of cells that acquire functional and genetic abnormalities, leading to tumor development and progression. In some cases, cancer cells have the ability to invade other tissues resulting in metastasis, the major cause of death from cancer. According to the most recent data rel ...
Deep Insight Section The Fas - Fas Ligand apoptotic pathway
... autoreactive T- and B-cells. A subset of members of the TNF-R superfamily is involved in death transducing signals in cells of the immune system. This family is constantly expanding and includes receptors for TNFα, lymphotoxin-α, TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and FasL. Members of thi ...
... autoreactive T- and B-cells. A subset of members of the TNF-R superfamily is involved in death transducing signals in cells of the immune system. This family is constantly expanding and includes receptors for TNFα, lymphotoxin-α, TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and FasL. Members of thi ...
Plasma Membrane Profiling Defines an Expanded Class of
... peptide present in the UL40 signal sequence acts to stabilize and maintain cell surface expression of the NK inhibitory ligand HLA-E [20–24]. Moreover, HCMV systematically suppresses cell surface expression of ligands for NK cell activating receptors. The HCMV glycoprotein UL141 plays a major role i ...
... peptide present in the UL40 signal sequence acts to stabilize and maintain cell surface expression of the NK inhibitory ligand HLA-E [20–24]. Moreover, HCMV systematically suppresses cell surface expression of ligands for NK cell activating receptors. The HCMV glycoprotein UL141 plays a major role i ...
Cytokine production of RSV/PHA-stimulated tonsillar mononuclear S. Ichinohe , I.R. Hussain
... expression in MNCs at various time points after RSV inoculation. RSV surface antigen positive cells were always v1.0% positive cells within in CD4z, CD8z and CD20z cell populations at both 0 and 24 h. There were no significant differences in expression between samples with and without RSV. The ratio ...
... expression in MNCs at various time points after RSV inoculation. RSV surface antigen positive cells were always v1.0% positive cells within in CD4z, CD8z and CD20z cell populations at both 0 and 24 h. There were no significant differences in expression between samples with and without RSV. The ratio ...
Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidases in Health and
... evolution studies suggest that it originates from a relatively recent duplication of ERAP1 [2]. These enzymes are normally present in many tissues and are strongly induced after stimulation with type I and type II interferons (IFNs) [3–6] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [7]. ERAP enzymes tri ...
... evolution studies suggest that it originates from a relatively recent duplication of ERAP1 [2]. These enzymes are normally present in many tissues and are strongly induced after stimulation with type I and type II interferons (IFNs) [3–6] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [7]. ERAP enzymes tri ...
Biochemistry, Physiology and Immunology
... changes and so remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. They can only alter the rate of reaction, not the position of the equilibrium. Most chemical catalysts catalyse a wide range of reactions. They are not usually very selective. In contrast enzymes are usually highly selective, catalysing sp ...
... changes and so remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. They can only alter the rate of reaction, not the position of the equilibrium. Most chemical catalysts catalyse a wide range of reactions. They are not usually very selective. In contrast enzymes are usually highly selective, catalysing sp ...
Deorphanization of GPRC6A: a promiscuous L-α
... analysis showed that the longest isoform of GPRC6A was expressed at the highest level in human tissues, and an orthologue of that form was also found in mice (Genbank accession #AY101365), . GPRC6A displays 45% amino acid sequence identity with the goldfish odorant receptor 5.24 (Speca et al., 1999) ...
... analysis showed that the longest isoform of GPRC6A was expressed at the highest level in human tissues, and an orthologue of that form was also found in mice (Genbank accession #AY101365), . GPRC6A displays 45% amino acid sequence identity with the goldfish odorant receptor 5.24 (Speca et al., 1999) ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.