Modulation of chemokine receptor function by cholesterol: new
... synergistic activation of such chemokine receptor dimers and oligomers have been reported for various receptor pairs (Stephens and Handel, 2013; Thelen et al., 2010). Only recently, molecular details on how dimerization and oligomerization can modulate chemokine receptor signaling have been identifi ...
... synergistic activation of such chemokine receptor dimers and oligomers have been reported for various receptor pairs (Stephens and Handel, 2013; Thelen et al., 2010). Only recently, molecular details on how dimerization and oligomerization can modulate chemokine receptor signaling have been identifi ...
The Immune Response to Helicobacter pylori
... vaccinated with a control protein (FlaA) or negative control. Antibody titers remained high even 8 months after the last immunization. Antibodies were able to bind native flagellin from H. pylori lysate. Vaccination with chimeric flagellin provided mice with significant protection against H. pylori. ...
... vaccinated with a control protein (FlaA) or negative control. Antibody titers remained high even 8 months after the last immunization. Antibodies were able to bind native flagellin from H. pylori lysate. Vaccination with chimeric flagellin provided mice with significant protection against H. pylori. ...
High Temperature Affects Cytokine Release by Human Peripheral
... TNFα during crisis, whereas that of IL-1β and IL-1α was increased only by LPS stimulated cells. Non-stimulated PBMC showed the lowest yield of IFN-γ and IL-4 [9]. During the febrile episodes of an autoinflammatory process characterized by periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical ...
... TNFα during crisis, whereas that of IL-1β and IL-1α was increased only by LPS stimulated cells. Non-stimulated PBMC showed the lowest yield of IFN-γ and IL-4 [9]. During the febrile episodes of an autoinflammatory process characterized by periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical ...
Transparencies for Microbiology, Fifth Edition - McGraw
... A Test Item File is available to supplement this Instructor’s Manual. The Test Item File consists of approximately 60 test questions for each chapter correlated directly to the textbook material. This test item file is available on a CD ROM or through PageOut (see the web site listed below) and is i ...
... A Test Item File is available to supplement this Instructor’s Manual. The Test Item File consists of approximately 60 test questions for each chapter correlated directly to the textbook material. This test item file is available on a CD ROM or through PageOut (see the web site listed below) and is i ...
Structure and biosynthesis of the signal
... The signal-sequence receptor (SSR) has previously been shown to be a component of the environment which nascent polypeptides meet on passage through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. We report here on the primary structure of the SSR as deduced from cDNA clones and from direct protein sequenc ...
... The signal-sequence receptor (SSR) has previously been shown to be a component of the environment which nascent polypeptides meet on passage through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. We report here on the primary structure of the SSR as deduced from cDNA clones and from direct protein sequenc ...
Review Chronic Intestinal Inflammation and Intestinal Disease in Dogs
... ago.50,51 The gross, histopathologic (Fig 4), and ultrastructural changes seen in HUC have been well characterized50,52–57 and are distinct from those changes associated with other idiopathic canine colitides. The presence within the lesions of large macrophages that are strongly periodic acid-Schif ...
... ago.50,51 The gross, histopathologic (Fig 4), and ultrastructural changes seen in HUC have been well characterized50,52–57 and are distinct from those changes associated with other idiopathic canine colitides. The presence within the lesions of large macrophages that are strongly periodic acid-Schif ...
Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease - Direct-MS
... host and pathogen that benefits both. Consequences of natural Treg cell dysregulation As discussed above, the overall equilibrium between effector and regulatory mechanisms may determine the outcome of an infection and this may in some cases be mutually beneficial to the host and the pathogen (Table ...
... host and pathogen that benefits both. Consequences of natural Treg cell dysregulation As discussed above, the overall equilibrium between effector and regulatory mechanisms may determine the outcome of an infection and this may in some cases be mutually beneficial to the host and the pathogen (Table ...
Infection Leishmania major Immunity Against JNK1 Is Required for T
... macrophage activation, with the production of nitric oxide (NO2⫺) mediating parasite destruction. To assess whether macrophages from Jnk1⫺/⫺ mice might have some primary defect in their ability to produce NO2⫺, which could account for their failure to resolve an ongoing infection, we measured levels ...
... macrophage activation, with the production of nitric oxide (NO2⫺) mediating parasite destruction. To assess whether macrophages from Jnk1⫺/⫺ mice might have some primary defect in their ability to produce NO2⫺, which could account for their failure to resolve an ongoing infection, we measured levels ...
Exosomes: secreted vesicles and intercellular
... recipient cells. But, in addition to these single molecules, Page 1 of 8 (page number not for citation purposes) ...
... recipient cells. But, in addition to these single molecules, Page 1 of 8 (page number not for citation purposes) ...
Document
... • One agent is a humanized monoclonal antibody, dacliximab (Zenapax) and the other a mousehuman chimeric monoclonal antibody, basiliximab (Simulect). Simulect is given at transplant and is repeated 4 days later, whereas Zenapax is given within 24 hours of transplant and then at 14-day intervals for ...
... • One agent is a humanized monoclonal antibody, dacliximab (Zenapax) and the other a mousehuman chimeric monoclonal antibody, basiliximab (Simulect). Simulect is given at transplant and is repeated 4 days later, whereas Zenapax is given within 24 hours of transplant and then at 14-day intervals for ...
Methylation - The Hoffman Centre for Integrative Medicine
... optimally, then tissues function properly. When tissues function optimally, then organs and glands function properly, and when that occurs, the body can live in excellent health. Seems simple enough. ...
... optimally, then tissues function properly. When tissues function optimally, then organs and glands function properly, and when that occurs, the body can live in excellent health. Seems simple enough. ...
Respiratory and Metabolic Impacts of Crustacean Immunity: Are
... et al. 2001). The ability of hemocytes to engulf, inactivate, and degrade smaller microbes by phagocytosis also constitutes an important component of crustacean immunity. PRRs, peroxynectin, and scavenger receptors are involved in the engulfment while lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species ar ...
... et al. 2001). The ability of hemocytes to engulf, inactivate, and degrade smaller microbes by phagocytosis also constitutes an important component of crustacean immunity. PRRs, peroxynectin, and scavenger receptors are involved in the engulfment while lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species ar ...
View PDF - OMICS Group
... increase the efficacy of immune defence induction [3,8]. This replicative nature can mimic the situation with replicating pathogens, whereby antigen can be directed into both MHC Class I and MHC Class II presentation pathways, thus promoting humoral and CMI defences. These characteristics are also i ...
... increase the efficacy of immune defence induction [3,8]. This replicative nature can mimic the situation with replicating pathogens, whereby antigen can be directed into both MHC Class I and MHC Class II presentation pathways, thus promoting humoral and CMI defences. These characteristics are also i ...
Red blood cells
... Exposure to fetal red blood cell antigens generally occurs during delivery, when bleeding takes place at the placenta and uterus. Such mixing of fetal and maternal blood can stimulate the mother’s immune system to produce anti-Rh antibodies, leading to ...
... Exposure to fetal red blood cell antigens generally occurs during delivery, when bleeding takes place at the placenta and uterus. Such mixing of fetal and maternal blood can stimulate the mother’s immune system to produce anti-Rh antibodies, leading to ...
The interleukin-23 axis in intestinal inflammation
... expansion and/or maintenance of the Th17 response (37, 45). It is now evident that Th17 cells are a heterogeneous population producing a number of cytokines in addition to IL-17 including IL-6, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and TNF-a (45). Recently, it was shown that in the absence of IL-23, Th17 cells demo ...
... expansion and/or maintenance of the Th17 response (37, 45). It is now evident that Th17 cells are a heterogeneous population producing a number of cytokines in addition to IL-17 including IL-6, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and TNF-a (45). Recently, it was shown that in the absence of IL-23, Th17 cells demo ...
In Vitro Generation of Interleukin 10–producing - Direct-MS
... Th1 and Th2 type responses, suggesting an important negative feedback role for this cytokine (15, 16). In addition, a number of studies suggest that IL-10–producing T cells may be induced in the absence of Th1 and Th2 responses and are involved in establishing non responsiveness (15, 17–19). These r ...
... Th1 and Th2 type responses, suggesting an important negative feedback role for this cytokine (15, 16). In addition, a number of studies suggest that IL-10–producing T cells may be induced in the absence of Th1 and Th2 responses and are involved in establishing non responsiveness (15, 17–19). These r ...
Extracellular milieu grossly alters pathogen
... [25]. Based on qualitative Western blot data, a recent report suggests that some S. aureus mediated NF-κB activation may occur in pbMEC stimulated in serum free, but not in serum containing medium [26]. These different lines of evidence all suggest that serum starvation might impact on the recogniti ...
... [25]. Based on qualitative Western blot data, a recent report suggests that some S. aureus mediated NF-κB activation may occur in pbMEC stimulated in serum free, but not in serum containing medium [26]. These different lines of evidence all suggest that serum starvation might impact on the recogniti ...
autoimmunity - Thyroid Disease Manager
... approximately equal ratios of T and B cells. B lymphocytes synthesize immunoglobulins that are first expressed on their membranes as clonally distributed antigen-specific receptors and then secreted as antibodies following antigenic stimulation. The ability of the immune system to recognize antigens ...
... approximately equal ratios of T and B cells. B lymphocytes synthesize immunoglobulins that are first expressed on their membranes as clonally distributed antigen-specific receptors and then secreted as antibodies following antigenic stimulation. The ability of the immune system to recognize antigens ...
Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection in Signal Regulatory
... substrate-1), CD172a, BIT (brain Ig–like molecule with a tyrosinebased activation motif), MFR (macrophage fusion receptor), or p84 (17–21). It is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, such as macrophages, granulocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), but is barely detectable on B or T lymphocytes ...
... substrate-1), CD172a, BIT (brain Ig–like molecule with a tyrosinebased activation motif), MFR (macrophage fusion receptor), or p84 (17–21). It is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, such as macrophages, granulocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), but is barely detectable on B or T lymphocytes ...
8139
... sevenfold over K-ODN–stimulated samples (Fig. 3B). In contrast to D-ODN (9, 27), an interesting feature of the nanorings and the aggregates was their ability to stimulate TNFa release from pDCs (fig. S6) to similar levels observed with K-ODN–induced samples. Thus, the K-ODN present in these complexe ...
... sevenfold over K-ODN–stimulated samples (Fig. 3B). In contrast to D-ODN (9, 27), an interesting feature of the nanorings and the aggregates was their ability to stimulate TNFa release from pDCs (fig. S6) to similar levels observed with K-ODN–induced samples. Thus, the K-ODN present in these complexe ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.