Tumor antigens
... Immune responses to tumors Innate: NK: MHC low, ligands for activating receptors (MICA, B, ULBP) LAK cells (IL2) Macrophages: direct by receptors ? IFN- from T lymphocytes Adaptive: CD8+ cells: Clear for carcinogen-induced and virus-induced tumors Less clear for spontaneous But: tumor-specific CTL ...
... Immune responses to tumors Innate: NK: MHC low, ligands for activating receptors (MICA, B, ULBP) LAK cells (IL2) Macrophages: direct by receptors ? IFN- from T lymphocytes Adaptive: CD8+ cells: Clear for carcinogen-induced and virus-induced tumors Less clear for spontaneous But: tumor-specific CTL ...
7a ELISA Test
... us whether or not particular antigens or antibodies are present in the sample (qualitative). However, we cannot measure how many antigens or antibodies are present (quantitative) unless we perform a serial dilution. For this exercise, you will receive a fluid sample that you pretend is from your bod ...
... us whether or not particular antigens or antibodies are present in the sample (qualitative). However, we cannot measure how many antigens or antibodies are present (quantitative) unless we perform a serial dilution. For this exercise, you will receive a fluid sample that you pretend is from your bod ...
Dendritic cells - immunology.unideb.hu
... Bone-marrow derived DCs (either 5 µM CFSE, green) or (50 µM Cell Tracker Blue, blue) were injected into the footpad of a C57BL/6 mouse, followed 18 hours later by intravenous injection of freshly isolated polyclonal CD4+ T cells (5 µM SNARF, red) and CD8+ T cells (5 µM CFSE and 5 µM SNARF, yellow). ...
... Bone-marrow derived DCs (either 5 µM CFSE, green) or (50 µM Cell Tracker Blue, blue) were injected into the footpad of a C57BL/6 mouse, followed 18 hours later by intravenous injection of freshly isolated polyclonal CD4+ T cells (5 µM SNARF, red) and CD8+ T cells (5 µM CFSE and 5 µM SNARF, yellow). ...
HUMAN CELL TYPES
... 4. Cytotoxic T cells – type of T cell that destroys body cells infected with particular pathogens. Recognition occurs by the body cell usually having some of the pathogen’s antigens on their surface. Body cells are destroyed when their membrane is punctured. 5. Suppressor T cells – responsible for s ...
... 4. Cytotoxic T cells – type of T cell that destroys body cells infected with particular pathogens. Recognition occurs by the body cell usually having some of the pathogen’s antigens on their surface. Body cells are destroyed when their membrane is punctured. 5. Suppressor T cells – responsible for s ...
TIRP Antibody
... TIRP is a member of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, a group of proteins that include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (1-3). TLRs are signaling molecules that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive ...
... TIRP is a member of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family, a group of proteins that include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (1-3). TLRs are signaling molecules that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive ...
The host defense system
... • Immunology is the study of the host defenses by which the body (host) protects itself from nonself or altered self. In the process, it destroys or neutralizes foreign matter, microorganisms, cells that are infected, and abnormal or altered self. • Recognition, Activation and Attack • Protects agai ...
... • Immunology is the study of the host defenses by which the body (host) protects itself from nonself or altered self. In the process, it destroys or neutralizes foreign matter, microorganisms, cells that are infected, and abnormal or altered self. • Recognition, Activation and Attack • Protects agai ...
Immunity - 1st and 2nd lines of defense
... Complement system ~20 proteins circulating in blood plasma attack bacterial & fungal cells ...
... Complement system ~20 proteins circulating in blood plasma attack bacterial & fungal cells ...
Biology 232
... during stress macrophages phagocytize worn-out RBCs and abnormal materials and present antigens to lymphocytes white pulp – contains B cells and T cells producing immune responses FUNCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES Antigens – specific surface molecular arrangements recognized by immune cells specificity – lock ...
... during stress macrophages phagocytize worn-out RBCs and abnormal materials and present antigens to lymphocytes white pulp – contains B cells and T cells producing immune responses FUNCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES Antigens – specific surface molecular arrangements recognized by immune cells specificity – lock ...
Lymphatic System Notes
... • Side Note: Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins, but our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign (think: organ transplants, blood ...
... • Side Note: Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins, but our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign (think: organ transplants, blood ...
Immunoglobulins - Khyber Girls Medical College
... Bound IgE serves as a receptor for antigens (allergen) and this antigen-antibody complex triggers allergic responses of the immediate (anaphylactic) type through the release of mediators e.g. histamine Although it is present in trace amounts in normal individuals, its levels are raised in ...
... Bound IgE serves as a receptor for antigens (allergen) and this antigen-antibody complex triggers allergic responses of the immediate (anaphylactic) type through the release of mediators e.g. histamine Although it is present in trace amounts in normal individuals, its levels are raised in ...
Stress and the Immune Response
... Increased epinephrine levels cause lymphocyte migration to the skin from the bone marrow ...
... Increased epinephrine levels cause lymphocyte migration to the skin from the bone marrow ...
The Immune System LESSON 2 A. 1.
... system and the circulatory system work together to increase the body’s temperature to fight pathogens more effectively. ...
... system and the circulatory system work together to increase the body’s temperature to fight pathogens more effectively. ...
The Immune System
... B cells and T cells have receptor proteins that can recognize and bind to antigens Antigenbinding site ...
... B cells and T cells have receptor proteins that can recognize and bind to antigens Antigenbinding site ...
CELL BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES
... Fluorescence Microscopy • Major Function: Localization of specific cellular molecules – example proteins • Major Advantages: – Sensitivity:“glow” against dark background – Specificity: immunofluorescence – Cells may be fixed or living ...
... Fluorescence Microscopy • Major Function: Localization of specific cellular molecules – example proteins • Major Advantages: – Sensitivity:“glow” against dark background – Specificity: immunofluorescence – Cells may be fixed or living ...
The Specific/Adaptive Immune Response
... –Phagolysosome fuses with a vesicle containing MHCII molecules –Each fragment binds to the antigen-binding groove of a complementary MHCII molecule –The fused vesicle then inserts the MHCII-antigen complex into the cytoplasmic membrane so the antigen is presented on the outside of the cell Processin ...
... –Phagolysosome fuses with a vesicle containing MHCII molecules –Each fragment binds to the antigen-binding groove of a complementary MHCII molecule –The fused vesicle then inserts the MHCII-antigen complex into the cytoplasmic membrane so the antigen is presented on the outside of the cell Processin ...
PE anti-mouse RAE-1δ Antibody
... consisting of alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon. They are strong homology within the family, related by 92%-95% sequence identity. They are distantly related to MHC class I proteins. RAE-1 proteins are abundantly expressed in fetal tissues, but not in normal adult tissue. They are constitutivel ...
... consisting of alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon. They are strong homology within the family, related by 92%-95% sequence identity. They are distantly related to MHC class I proteins. RAE-1 proteins are abundantly expressed in fetal tissues, but not in normal adult tissue. They are constitutivel ...
Biology I Test: Viruses and Immunology
... 7. When a virus takes over the machinery of a cell, what does it cause the cell to do? DNA gets destroyed, cell dies 8. Name stages A-E of the lytic cycle 1. Attachment- The virus attaches to a specific area (receptor site) on a specific cell 2. Entry- the viral nucleic acid is then injected into th ...
... 7. When a virus takes over the machinery of a cell, what does it cause the cell to do? DNA gets destroyed, cell dies 8. Name stages A-E of the lytic cycle 1. Attachment- The virus attaches to a specific area (receptor site) on a specific cell 2. Entry- the viral nucleic acid is then injected into th ...
File
... Any foreign molecule that is recognised by a Lymphocyte is called an antigen. All cells have antigenic markers on their surface made of protein ‘Foreign’ antigenic markers (proteins) on the outer surface of Viruses and bacteria; bacterial toxins and molecules on the surfaces of; transplanted cells ( ...
... Any foreign molecule that is recognised by a Lymphocyte is called an antigen. All cells have antigenic markers on their surface made of protein ‘Foreign’ antigenic markers (proteins) on the outer surface of Viruses and bacteria; bacterial toxins and molecules on the surfaces of; transplanted cells ( ...
Defense against disease, immune response
... Disease – Terminology 1 Infection - growth of organism within body of host Chronic disease - long-term infection Acute disease - infection occurs suddenly, is short term Parasite - organism living on or in another organism, gains benefit, provides nothing. Not necessarily pathogenic. Carrier - pers ...
... Disease – Terminology 1 Infection - growth of organism within body of host Chronic disease - long-term infection Acute disease - infection occurs suddenly, is short term Parasite - organism living on or in another organism, gains benefit, provides nothing. Not necessarily pathogenic. Carrier - pers ...
Chap 34 - Resistance of the Body to Infection
... 7. stimulation of B-cell growth and differentiation to form plasma cells and antibodies 8. activation of the macrophage system a. slow or stop migration of the macrophages out of inflamed area b. activated macrophage phagocytosis B. cytotoxic T cells ...
... 7. stimulation of B-cell growth and differentiation to form plasma cells and antibodies 8. activation of the macrophage system a. slow or stop migration of the macrophages out of inflamed area b. activated macrophage phagocytosis B. cytotoxic T cells ...
Dendritic cells
... they are self or ‘non-self’. • Apoptosis, the ‘non-dangerous’ death of self cells may prevent autoimmunity when old or surplus cells are disposed of. • Suggests that tolerance is the default pathway of the immune system on encountering antigens. • Explains why immunisations require adjuvants to stim ...
... they are self or ‘non-self’. • Apoptosis, the ‘non-dangerous’ death of self cells may prevent autoimmunity when old or surplus cells are disposed of. • Suggests that tolerance is the default pathway of the immune system on encountering antigens. • Explains why immunisations require adjuvants to stim ...
Cells - Dr Magrann
... Hair-like structures that move material across the cell surface (mucous in the trachea), or they can move the whole cell (single celled organisms) Whip-like structure to move the cell (sperm) a process whereby mitochondria in the cells use oxygen, produce carbon dioxide, and produce energy in the fo ...
... Hair-like structures that move material across the cell surface (mucous in the trachea), or they can move the whole cell (single celled organisms) Whip-like structure to move the cell (sperm) a process whereby mitochondria in the cells use oxygen, produce carbon dioxide, and produce energy in the fo ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.