The Immune System and Disease
... cause the same disease that infected the original host. 4. The injected pathogen should be re-isolated from the second host and be identical to the original pathogen. ...
... cause the same disease that infected the original host. 4. The injected pathogen should be re-isolated from the second host and be identical to the original pathogen. ...
Defense against infectious disease
... Outline the role of skin and mucous membranes in defence against pathogens. Outline how phagocytic leucocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and in body tissues. Details of the subdivisions and classifications of phagocytes are not required. Distinguish between antigens and antibodies. Explain antibo ...
... Outline the role of skin and mucous membranes in defence against pathogens. Outline how phagocytic leucocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and in body tissues. Details of the subdivisions and classifications of phagocytes are not required. Distinguish between antigens and antibodies. Explain antibo ...
B Cells - School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences
... Each organ of the immune system plays a different role in defending the body against pathogens. Bone Marrow manufactures the billions of WBC needed by the body every day. Some newly produced WBC remain in the bone marrow to Mature and Specialize, while others travel to the Thymus to Mature. Lymph No ...
... Each organ of the immune system plays a different role in defending the body against pathogens. Bone Marrow manufactures the billions of WBC needed by the body every day. Some newly produced WBC remain in the bone marrow to Mature and Specialize, while others travel to the Thymus to Mature. Lymph No ...
Study Guide 12 - Adaptive Immunity Chpt. 16
... a. “Helps” other cells and orchestrates response by producing cytokines to direct other cells b. Recognizes antigen presented by MHC Class II i. exogenous proteins (i.e. those that have been taken up by the cell) are presented ii. found on antigen presenting cells (macrophages, B cells and dendr ...
... a. “Helps” other cells and orchestrates response by producing cytokines to direct other cells b. Recognizes antigen presented by MHC Class II i. exogenous proteins (i.e. those that have been taken up by the cell) are presented ii. found on antigen presenting cells (macrophages, B cells and dendr ...
skin and immune system
... •A specific defense against a pathogen is called an immune response – Pathogens that trigger this response are called antigens • These may be viruses, bacteria or other pathogens such as fungi, parasites, etc. •The immune response attacks the particular disease-causing agent with a response especial ...
... •A specific defense against a pathogen is called an immune response – Pathogens that trigger this response are called antigens • These may be viruses, bacteria or other pathogens such as fungi, parasites, etc. •The immune response attacks the particular disease-causing agent with a response especial ...
Prentice Hall Biology - Valhalla High School
... Figure 40–7 The Inflammatory Response Section 40-2 ...
... Figure 40–7 The Inflammatory Response Section 40-2 ...
blood grouping
... Presence or absence of these antigens may help to determine identity or exclude paternity Clinical importance of blood group systems: Derives from the development of antibodies against these antigens a. Autoantibodies (against self antigens) b. Alloantibodies (against foreign antigens) These antibod ...
... Presence or absence of these antigens may help to determine identity or exclude paternity Clinical importance of blood group systems: Derives from the development of antibodies against these antigens a. Autoantibodies (against self antigens) b. Alloantibodies (against foreign antigens) These antibod ...
Antibodies: Structure and Function Chpt. 4
... – Even though same isotypes within one species small differences (1-4 a/a) arise in different individuals (form of polymorphism) – If injected with such Ab you generate antiallotype Ab • Ex. During pregnancy • Blood transfusion ...
... – Even though same isotypes within one species small differences (1-4 a/a) arise in different individuals (form of polymorphism) – If injected with such Ab you generate antiallotype Ab • Ex. During pregnancy • Blood transfusion ...
The Immune System
... is broken into non-infective pieces & attached to the cell’s MHC when processed through the cell’s machinery MHC-antigen complex is placed on the cell membrane surface where it is recognized by the T Helper cell ...
... is broken into non-infective pieces & attached to the cell’s MHC when processed through the cell’s machinery MHC-antigen complex is placed on the cell membrane surface where it is recognized by the T Helper cell ...
Antibodies: Structure and Function Chpt. 4
... – Even though same isotypes within one species small differences (1-4 a/a) arise in different individuals (form of polymorphism) – If injected with such Ab you generate antiallotype Ab • Ex. During pregnancy • Blood transfusion ...
... – Even though same isotypes within one species small differences (1-4 a/a) arise in different individuals (form of polymorphism) – If injected with such Ab you generate antiallotype Ab • Ex. During pregnancy • Blood transfusion ...
Immunology - Canisteo-Greenwood Central School
... destroy viral-infected, tumor, or foreign cells ii. helper (Th) ...
... destroy viral-infected, tumor, or foreign cells ii. helper (Th) ...
Chapter 2 Antigen
... The clones of lymphocyte that can recognize self-Ags will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags (forbidden clones) at the early stage of their development---clone deletion The clones of lymphocytes that can be interacted with corresponding Ag (by Ag receptors ) can be selected and induc ...
... The clones of lymphocyte that can recognize self-Ags will be destroyed or learn to tolerance to self Ags (forbidden clones) at the early stage of their development---clone deletion The clones of lymphocytes that can be interacted with corresponding Ag (by Ag receptors ) can be selected and induc ...
To the Admissions Committee
... (V region) that was generated by V(D)J rearrangement (see Figure 1). By definition a cell expressing IgM on its surface (sIgM+) is a B lymphocyte. After stimulation by antigen in secondary lymphoid organs, B cells develop into antibody-secreting cells. T cells express only T cell receptor (TCR). Onl ...
... (V region) that was generated by V(D)J rearrangement (see Figure 1). By definition a cell expressing IgM on its surface (sIgM+) is a B lymphocyte. After stimulation by antigen in secondary lymphoid organs, B cells develop into antibody-secreting cells. T cells express only T cell receptor (TCR). Onl ...
chapter summary
... Following initial exposure to a microbial invader, specific components of the adaptive or acquired immune system become specially prepared to selectively attack the particular foreigner. Not only is this immune system able to recognize foreign molecules as different from self-molecules, but it can ...
... Following initial exposure to a microbial invader, specific components of the adaptive or acquired immune system become specially prepared to selectively attack the particular foreigner. Not only is this immune system able to recognize foreign molecules as different from self-molecules, but it can ...
mental stress workshop
... Macrophages and PMN’s have cell-surface receptors that distinguish self from non-self. They bind to the pathogen, surround it, pull it internally into its phagosome (internal vacuole) where its lysosome granules release enzymes, proteins/peptides, and the cell itself also creates acids, NO, O2-, and ...
... Macrophages and PMN’s have cell-surface receptors that distinguish self from non-self. They bind to the pathogen, surround it, pull it internally into its phagosome (internal vacuole) where its lysosome granules release enzymes, proteins/peptides, and the cell itself also creates acids, NO, O2-, and ...
Defence against extracellular pathogens Innate defence molecules
... by inflammatory mediators to express adhesion molecules that facilitate the adhesion of leucocytes to the blood vessel walls and their migration across the walls. The initial interactions (called capture and rolling) are mediated by selectins (E-selectin and P-selectin expressed by the endothelium, ...
... by inflammatory mediators to express adhesion molecules that facilitate the adhesion of leucocytes to the blood vessel walls and their migration across the walls. The initial interactions (called capture and rolling) are mediated by selectins (E-selectin and P-selectin expressed by the endothelium, ...
Scientific Glossary
... MHC restriction: The ability of T lymphocytes to respond only when they ‘see’ the appropriate antigen in association with “self” MHC class I or class II proteins on the antigen presenting cells. Migration inhibition factor (MIF): A lymphokine that inhibits the motility of macrophages in culture. Min ...
... MHC restriction: The ability of T lymphocytes to respond only when they ‘see’ the appropriate antigen in association with “self” MHC class I or class II proteins on the antigen presenting cells. Migration inhibition factor (MIF): A lymphokine that inhibits the motility of macrophages in culture. Min ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.