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FasL on human nucleus pulposus cells prevents angiogenesis in
FasL on human nucleus pulposus cells prevents angiogenesis in

... Abstract: The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular organ in the human body. However, with the progress of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), the disc tends to be vascularized increasingly via angiogenesis. It is well established that both human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and vascular e ...
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immunology syllabus 2013 - The University of Texas Medical School
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... the greater affinity of rabbit monoclonal antibodies than mouse monoclonal equivalents, and, therefore, these antibodies may be effectively used at higher dilutions and, in some cases, without the need for heat-induced antigen retrieval.17 A recent article suggested that this increased sensitivity r ...
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... http://www.jimmunol.org/content/195/2/576.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription ...
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... • In 1910, identification of the ABO blood antigen gene explained the observed blood type incompatibilities • Today there are 31 different genes known to contribute to the surface features of RBCs determining compatibility between blood types ...
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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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