Immune System
... Humoral Immunity Antibody Structure & Function 1. Y-shaped; 4 polypeptide chains (how many genes?) 2. C-region (constant) is same in all antibodies 3. each chain topped with variable regions …allows for great diversity of antibodies 4. the epitope of the antigen binds at V-region ...
... Humoral Immunity Antibody Structure & Function 1. Y-shaped; 4 polypeptide chains (how many genes?) 2. C-region (constant) is same in all antibodies 3. each chain topped with variable regions …allows for great diversity of antibodies 4. the epitope of the antigen binds at V-region ...
Immunoglobulins - Khyber Girls Medical College
... Bound IgE serves as a receptor for antigens (allergen) and this antigen-antibody complex triggers allergic responses of the immediate (anaphylactic) type through the release of mediators e.g. histamine Although it is present in trace amounts in normal individuals, its levels are raised in ...
... Bound IgE serves as a receptor for antigens (allergen) and this antigen-antibody complex triggers allergic responses of the immediate (anaphylactic) type through the release of mediators e.g. histamine Although it is present in trace amounts in normal individuals, its levels are raised in ...
Introduction_to_Infection_and_Immunity_part_two
... Untreated water and poor food-handling or cooking practices are responsible for a wide range of illnesses Saliva contains lysozyme, an enzyme that can damage the cell walls of some bacteria and fungi The high acidity of gastric juices are a first line of defence against infection through the oral co ...
... Untreated water and poor food-handling or cooking practices are responsible for a wide range of illnesses Saliva contains lysozyme, an enzyme that can damage the cell walls of some bacteria and fungi The high acidity of gastric juices are a first line of defence against infection through the oral co ...
Complex Diseases
... contribute to a person’s chance of developing a complex disease ~ CVD’s such as stroke, high blood pressure, heart attacks, arteriosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cancer are examples of complex diseases. ...
... contribute to a person’s chance of developing a complex disease ~ CVD’s such as stroke, high blood pressure, heart attacks, arteriosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cancer are examples of complex diseases. ...
1. seminar 2011
... origin: pluripotent cells of the bone marrow lymphoid progenitors maturation: bursa equivalent tissues (embrionic liver, later bone marrow) -localization: takes 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes; migrate from the bone marrow to the secondary lymphatic organs thorugh the circulation - antigen pres ...
... origin: pluripotent cells of the bone marrow lymphoid progenitors maturation: bursa equivalent tissues (embrionic liver, later bone marrow) -localization: takes 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes; migrate from the bone marrow to the secondary lymphatic organs thorugh the circulation - antigen pres ...
Effector Mechanisms of Cell
... the innate immunity is unable to eradicate infections by such microbes. In CMI against phagocytosed microbes, the specificity of the response is due to T cells – but the actual effector function is mediated by the phagocytes. ...
... the innate immunity is unable to eradicate infections by such microbes. In CMI against phagocytosed microbes, the specificity of the response is due to T cells – but the actual effector function is mediated by the phagocytes. ...
Immunology Bibliography
... Schweichel, D., J. Steitz, et al. (2006). "Evaluation of DNA vaccination with recombinant adenoviruses using bioluminescence imaging of antigen expression: impact of application routes and delivery with dendritic cells." J Gene Med 8(10): 1243-50. Shu, C. J., S. Guo, et al. (2005). "Visualization of ...
... Schweichel, D., J. Steitz, et al. (2006). "Evaluation of DNA vaccination with recombinant adenoviruses using bioluminescence imaging of antigen expression: impact of application routes and delivery with dendritic cells." J Gene Med 8(10): 1243-50. Shu, C. J., S. Guo, et al. (2005). "Visualization of ...
Dealing with Garbage is the Immune System`s Main Job
... into the infected site and with activation of complement, the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes. The C3b component of complement also acts as an opsonin and later, the C3d component promotes antibody production by B cells to facilitate trash clearance. Dendritic cells at the site pick up garb ...
... into the infected site and with activation of complement, the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes. The C3b component of complement also acts as an opsonin and later, the C3d component promotes antibody production by B cells to facilitate trash clearance. Dendritic cells at the site pick up garb ...
Immune Tolerance in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease
... Invited speaker 7 – Mario Colombo: OX40-OX40L bridges mast cells-Treg interactions and affects the immune response to cancer and autoimmunity ...
... Invited speaker 7 – Mario Colombo: OX40-OX40L bridges mast cells-Treg interactions and affects the immune response to cancer and autoimmunity ...
Document
... Fig. 2. Damage to islet cells by primed T-cells. Th1 helper T-cells recognize viral peptides presented by up-regulated MHC Class II molecules and produce many different cytokines, some of which may have antiviral effects on target cells and others, which affect adjacent lymphocyte activity. Alter ...
... Fig. 2. Damage to islet cells by primed T-cells. Th1 helper T-cells recognize viral peptides presented by up-regulated MHC Class II molecules and produce many different cytokines, some of which may have antiviral effects on target cells and others, which affect adjacent lymphocyte activity. Alter ...
(2) Viral and bacterial superantigens
... Fig. 2. Damage to islet cells by primed T-cells. Th1 helper T-cells recognize viral peptides presented by up-regulated MHC Class II molecules and produce many different cytokines, some of which may have antiviral effects on target cells and others, which affect adjacent lymphocyte activity. Alter ...
... Fig. 2. Damage to islet cells by primed T-cells. Th1 helper T-cells recognize viral peptides presented by up-regulated MHC Class II molecules and produce many different cytokines, some of which may have antiviral effects on target cells and others, which affect adjacent lymphocyte activity. Alter ...
Chapter 20- Lymphatic system
... out of the blood vessels and also travel through lymph tissue in order to fight disease. • 1. activation of lymphocytes- lymphoid stem cell in bone marrow give rise to lymphocytes. As they mature they are “taught” what tissue or cells are “self”, anything deviating from this, is a pathogen and will ...
... out of the blood vessels and also travel through lymph tissue in order to fight disease. • 1. activation of lymphocytes- lymphoid stem cell in bone marrow give rise to lymphocytes. As they mature they are “taught” what tissue or cells are “self”, anything deviating from this, is a pathogen and will ...
Document
... Abs can be fragmented to study properties of different regions protease yields: Fc (crystalizable) region -- “Fc Receptors” Fab (antigen binding) region ...
... Abs can be fragmented to study properties of different regions protease yields: Fc (crystalizable) region -- “Fc Receptors” Fab (antigen binding) region ...
STEM CELLS IN THE ADULT HUMAN BRAIN
... The phenomenal interest in stem cell biology over recent years has turned it into the most exciting field of science in 2002 and it has been shown that haemopoeitic and neural cells can differentiate into a wide variety of different cells lines – to say nothing of those which can supply material for ...
... The phenomenal interest in stem cell biology over recent years has turned it into the most exciting field of science in 2002 and it has been shown that haemopoeitic and neural cells can differentiate into a wide variety of different cells lines – to say nothing of those which can supply material for ...
Anatomy chapter 14 (Lymphatic and immunity)
... • They must come in contact with a cell that has already encountered the antigen. • Macrophages contain Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins that act as both ID badges AND antigen presenting proteins. • If a Helper T-Cell comes in contact with a macrophage which is presenting an antigen, ...
... • They must come in contact with a cell that has already encountered the antigen. • Macrophages contain Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins that act as both ID badges AND antigen presenting proteins. • If a Helper T-Cell comes in contact with a macrophage which is presenting an antigen, ...
Document
... and act to neutralize or destroy them. 1. Two characteristics that distinguish immunity from nonspecific resistance are specificity and memory. 2. Two types of immunity are recognized. a. Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity is based on the action of antibodies. Circulating antibodies bind to bacter ...
... and act to neutralize or destroy them. 1. Two characteristics that distinguish immunity from nonspecific resistance are specificity and memory. 2. Two types of immunity are recognized. a. Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity is based on the action of antibodies. Circulating antibodies bind to bacter ...
What is Vet-Stem Regenerative Medicine? Stem cells are
... Differences in Regenerative Medicine compared to traditional medicine: • Does not rely on a single target receptor or a single pathway for its action • Regenerative cell mixture is delivered either directly to the traumatic wound (e.g.: tendonitis, desmitis, fracture) or are delivered sy ...
... Differences in Regenerative Medicine compared to traditional medicine: • Does not rely on a single target receptor or a single pathway for its action • Regenerative cell mixture is delivered either directly to the traumatic wound (e.g.: tendonitis, desmitis, fracture) or are delivered sy ...
Slide 1
... through catenins – so extracellular connections can affect intracellular organization • Mutation or downregulation of cadherin is associated with metastasis in cancer. • Mechanical agitation in Ca++-free solution is a useful experimental technique to separate tissues into individual cells ...
... through catenins – so extracellular connections can affect intracellular organization • Mutation or downregulation of cadherin is associated with metastasis in cancer. • Mechanical agitation in Ca++-free solution is a useful experimental technique to separate tissues into individual cells ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.