• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Ch 14 Lymphatic System
Ch 14 Lymphatic System

... molecules and neutralize their effects -Complement is activated when IgG or IgM antibodies bind to antigens -What does complement activation do? Lets see the next slide… ...
Cells of the Immune System and Antigen Recognition Jennifer Nyland, PhD
Cells of the Immune System and Antigen Recognition Jennifer Nyland, PhD

... – Instructionist hypothesis • Does not account for self vs non-self ...
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives

... 23. Explain how cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells defend against tumors. 24. Distinguish between T-dependent antigens and T-independent antigens. 25. Explain why macrophages are regarded as the main antigen-presenting cells in the primary response but memory B cells are the main antigen-pr ...
White Blood Cells
White Blood Cells

... White blood cells, or leukocytes, are immune cells that are present in the blood. The detailed mechanisms of immune function are covered in the immunity unit, but we will discuss the classes here. There are five common types of leukocytes (and some of those types have subgroups). One way of categori ...
Ch 31 vocabulary list
Ch 31 vocabulary list

... 3. nonspecific defense- physical or chemical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body (Concept 31.2) 4. inflammatory response- nonspecific defense against infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain (Concept 31.2) 5. histamine- chemical alarm signal released by mast c ...
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

... deck, random combinations can produce an enormous number of different hands ...
Lipoteichoic acid contaminant
Lipoteichoic acid contaminant

... to control infection while the specific immune response develops. ...
Ch46
Ch46

... In the thymus they become immunocompetent that is capable of immune response. In the thymus they divide many times and some develop specific surface proteins with receptor sites. These cells are selected to divide: positive selection. T cells that react to self-antigens undergo apoptosis. In this wa ...
CNS Infections
CNS Infections

... S. Pneumo, H. Flu, N. Meningitidis, Klebsiella, Salmonella, ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Raised cytokine and chemokine levels are a consequence of immune activation • HIV-induced activation of innate immune system (N. Bhardwaj) – When virus load decreases after acute phase, immune activation remains ...
Invariant NKT cells
Invariant NKT cells

... iNKT cells have been implicated to play a role in a number of immune-related diseases. Their multi-functional responses have been shown to enhance microbial and tumour immunity as well as suppressing autoimmune disease and promoting tolerance. However, iNKTs have also been shown to exacerbate certai ...
Immunity
Immunity

... swelling) and pain result. ...
Document
Document

... iNKT cells have been implicated to play a role in a number of immune-related diseases. Their multi-functional responses have been shown to enhance microbial and tumour immunity as well as suppressing autoimmune disease and promoting tolerance. However, iNKTs have also been shown to exacerbate certai ...
Immune System - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
Immune System - Dr. Annette M. Parrott

... • Vitamin C concentrations in the plasma and leukocytes rapidly decline during infections and stress. Supplementation of vitamin C was found to improve components of the human immune system such as antimicrobial and natural killer cell activities, lymphocyte proliferation, chemotaxis, and delayed-ty ...
DEFINITIONS - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
DEFINITIONS - Tehran University of Medical Sciences

... Because there are some common antigen determinants between different microbes, so the antiserum against one kind of Ag can also react with another Ag and couse a cross ...
Chapter 21
Chapter 21

... Lymphocytes secrete gamma () interferon, but most other WBCs secrete alpha () interferon Fibroblasts secrete beta () interferon Interferons also activate macrophages and mobilize NKs FDA-approved alpha IFN is used: – As an antiviral drug against hepatitis C virus – To treat genital warts caused b ...
Notes on Acquired Immunity
Notes on Acquired Immunity

... Costimulatory molecules on APC (B7) provide necessary 2nd signal for activation of naïve CD8+ T cell Activated CD8+ T cell secretes IL-2, develops high affinity IL-2R, and promotes CD8 cell proliferation Mature activated CD8 cells now encounter cells infected by the same virus, and only require 1 si ...
Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology
Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology

... 1) growth & purification of pathogen itself • e.g., culturing bacteria, growing viruses in eggs • treated and packaged after purification ...
Pathology – Lecture 17: Immunohemolytic Anemia 2/25/13
Pathology – Lecture 17: Immunohemolytic Anemia 2/25/13

... cells and not cause visible agglutination but may fix complement, in which case, the direct Coombs test could demonstrate the presence of IgG and/or complement components. IgG antibodies react optimally at body temperature and may dissociate into serum at room temperature, in which case the indirect ...
Topic 6 Checkpoint Answers File
Topic 6 Checkpoint Answers File

... antigen. Active natural immunity develops following an infection. The ‘specific immune response’ to the foreign antigens produces a supply of antibodies and B memory and T memory cells that will respond quickly if the body is reinfected with the same pathogen. Active artificial immunity develops fol ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... – acquired immune system (white blood cells which co-operate to detect and eliminate pathogens / antigens) ...
File
File

... • This is done by measuring the ability of the T-cells to respond to different types of stimuli including mitogens (such as phytohemaglutinin [PHA]) • The T-cell response to these various stimuli can be measured by observing whether the T-cells divide and grow (called proliferation) and/or whether t ...
CLS 2215 Principles of Immunohematology
CLS 2215 Principles of Immunohematology

... is specific to an antigen present on the red blood cells of the fetus. • Fetal red cells become coated with the IgG alloantibody and undergo accelerated destruction both before and after birth. – Where does the baby get an antigen that is foreign to the Mom? ...
Resistance of The Body to Infection Immunity and Allergy
Resistance of The Body to Infection Immunity and Allergy

... the formation of activated helper and cytotoxic T cells. And these T cells elicit a cellmediated type of immune reaction causing release of many toxic substances from the activated T cells as well as extensive invasion of the tissues by macrophages with serious tissue damage. such as in the skin or ...
Immuno-oncology Translational Research Initiative Planning
Immuno-oncology Translational Research Initiative Planning

... David Brooks (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre) described work in his lab aimed at engineering antigen presenting cells (APCs) that would not be affected by an immunosuppressive microenvironment and thus be able to function within the tumour milieu. Since Dendritic Cells potently activate T cell resp ...
< 1 ... 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 ... 523 >

Cancer immunotherapy



Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report