5 dent inflammation and mucosal immunity
... vertebrate immune system and the spleen or other lymph nodes of the body are later specializations. It is further supported by the fact that the central lymphoid organs, namely the thymus and the bone marrow are derived from the embryonic intestine. The thin epithelial (physical) barrier can be disr ...
... vertebrate immune system and the spleen or other lymph nodes of the body are later specializations. It is further supported by the fact that the central lymphoid organs, namely the thymus and the bone marrow are derived from the embryonic intestine. The thin epithelial (physical) barrier can be disr ...
4. immune_team_
... – IL-2 is also know as T cell growth factor – Proliferation of antigen specific T cells – Effector and regulatory cells are produced along with “memory” cells – IL-2 also stimulates CD8 cytotoxic cells Retain memory for different pathogens and proliferate in later exposure to that pathogen ...
... – IL-2 is also know as T cell growth factor – Proliferation of antigen specific T cells – Effector and regulatory cells are produced along with “memory” cells – IL-2 also stimulates CD8 cytotoxic cells Retain memory for different pathogens and proliferate in later exposure to that pathogen ...
Slide 1
... responsible for causing greater than normal amounts of DNA damage leading to increased risk for cancer through enhanced rates of DNA damage. In addition, the enhanced production of ROS increases the activation of molecular pathways leading to enhanced DNA-binding of the oncogenes jun and fos. Activa ...
... responsible for causing greater than normal amounts of DNA damage leading to increased risk for cancer through enhanced rates of DNA damage. In addition, the enhanced production of ROS increases the activation of molecular pathways leading to enhanced DNA-binding of the oncogenes jun and fos. Activa ...
Bionor Pharma
... Vacc-HIV: Combination of Vacc-C5 (inducing antibodies) and Vacc-4x (inducing killer T-cells), can thereby stimulate both parts of the immune system ...
... Vacc-HIV: Combination of Vacc-C5 (inducing antibodies) and Vacc-4x (inducing killer T-cells), can thereby stimulate both parts of the immune system ...
Diagnostics 1
... o antigens: agglutination of particles covered in antibodies or ELISA o nucleic acids: probe detection or polymerise chain reaction. - indirect detection using antibodies: plate covered with antigen and exposed to sample. Other things done in bacteriology lab: Checking of antibiotic susceptibiliti ...
... o antigens: agglutination of particles covered in antibodies or ELISA o nucleic acids: probe detection or polymerise chain reaction. - indirect detection using antibodies: plate covered with antigen and exposed to sample. Other things done in bacteriology lab: Checking of antibiotic susceptibiliti ...
Microbiology – Pathogenecity / Host Defence Mechanisms against
... flushing of the system will not cause their excretion. For example: E coli bacteria has special adhesins as part of its fimbriae (pili) so it can adhere to the bladder epithelium even though bladder emptying flushes out the system. Toxins: Toxins are released by bacterial that can directly harm th ...
... flushing of the system will not cause their excretion. For example: E coli bacteria has special adhesins as part of its fimbriae (pili) so it can adhere to the bladder epithelium even though bladder emptying flushes out the system. Toxins: Toxins are released by bacterial that can directly harm th ...
Kuby Immunology 6/e
... Activation of Alloreactive B Cells and Production and Functions of Alloantibodies. Antibodies against graft antigens also contribute to rejection. Most high-affinity alloantibodies are produced by helper T cell–dependent activation of alloreactive B cells, much like antibodies against other pro ...
... Activation of Alloreactive B Cells and Production and Functions of Alloantibodies. Antibodies against graft antigens also contribute to rejection. Most high-affinity alloantibodies are produced by helper T cell–dependent activation of alloreactive B cells, much like antibodies against other pro ...
B cells - UCLA.edu
... • This first phase of B cell development is the generation of B cells in bone marrow. • There, stem cells develop into pro-B cells, then pre-B cells, and finally mature B cells, which exit the bone marrow and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs. • This phase of B cell development is not driven by c ...
... • This first phase of B cell development is the generation of B cells in bone marrow. • There, stem cells develop into pro-B cells, then pre-B cells, and finally mature B cells, which exit the bone marrow and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs. • This phase of B cell development is not driven by c ...
Communicable Diseases Review Packet
... 36. How long does it take for HIV antibodies to show up in the bloodstream? __________________ this is called the _____________ period. 37. It is possible to not show any signs of HIV for up to ________ years. 38. What is the name of the first test people take to find out if they have HIV?__________ ...
... 36. How long does it take for HIV antibodies to show up in the bloodstream? __________________ this is called the _____________ period. 37. It is possible to not show any signs of HIV for up to ________ years. 38. What is the name of the first test people take to find out if they have HIV?__________ ...
Glucocorticoids
... Cyclophosphamide Glucocorticoids: Prednisolone and others Biological agents TNFα inhibitors: Infliximab Adalimumab IL-2 receptor antagonists: Basiliximab Polyclonal antibodies: Antithymocyte antibody (ATG), Rho (D) immune globulin. ...
... Cyclophosphamide Glucocorticoids: Prednisolone and others Biological agents TNFα inhibitors: Infliximab Adalimumab IL-2 receptor antagonists: Basiliximab Polyclonal antibodies: Antithymocyte antibody (ATG), Rho (D) immune globulin. ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... ■ Complement：C3, CH50 ■ Blood ■ Renal function examination ■ ESR ■ urinalysis ■ ASO, ADNase-B, Ahase, et al. ...
... ■ Complement：C3, CH50 ■ Blood ■ Renal function examination ■ ESR ■ urinalysis ■ ASO, ADNase-B, Ahase, et al. ...
Mechanisms of Autoimmunity
... response not only through molecular mimicry, but also with polyclonal activation and release of isolated autoantigen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a product of infectious microbes, bacterial DNA, and viruses serve as an adjuvant to immune response. They bind to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface ...
... response not only through molecular mimicry, but also with polyclonal activation and release of isolated autoantigen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a product of infectious microbes, bacterial DNA, and viruses serve as an adjuvant to immune response. They bind to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface ...
2-3(Bebok)
... T cells. Examples: macrophage, dendritic cells. e. B lymphocyte (B cell): The precursors of antibody-forming plasma cells; these cells carry immunoglobulin and class II MHC (major histocompatibility complex) antigens on their surfaces. C f. Complement: A series of serum proteins involved in the medi ...
... T cells. Examples: macrophage, dendritic cells. e. B lymphocyte (B cell): The precursors of antibody-forming plasma cells; these cells carry immunoglobulin and class II MHC (major histocompatibility complex) antigens on their surfaces. C f. Complement: A series of serum proteins involved in the medi ...
Applications in Dermatology, Dentistry and LASIK Eye Surgery using
... the top, where they are shed from the surface as dead skin cells. The epidermal layer is constantly renewing itself, the live cells changing into dead, hard, flattened cells. Melanocytes and Langerhans cells are other important cells found in the epidermis which have some specialized functions. • Me ...
... the top, where they are shed from the surface as dead skin cells. The epidermal layer is constantly renewing itself, the live cells changing into dead, hard, flattened cells. Melanocytes and Langerhans cells are other important cells found in the epidermis which have some specialized functions. • Me ...
ark LP 38 FPSS 1 1993 Abstract
... accomplishing. To God, I give all Praise and Glory to Him for making all this possible. ...
... accomplishing. To God, I give all Praise and Glory to Him for making all this possible. ...
Modelling the regulation of immunoglobulin class switching
... help us to better understand and target the mechanisms controlling immunoglobulin class switch in response to genuine and innocuous antigens. Details of the problem The production of specific immunoglobulin isotypes, tailored to respond to specific challenges, is central to the success of the verteb ...
... help us to better understand and target the mechanisms controlling immunoglobulin class switch in response to genuine and innocuous antigens. Details of the problem The production of specific immunoglobulin isotypes, tailored to respond to specific challenges, is central to the success of the verteb ...
1. Light Chain
... Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen and which function as antibodies. Antibodies have two fundamental characteristics: Specificity: the ability to bind to epitopes. One B-cell will make only one specificity of antibodies. That is, ...
... Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen and which function as antibodies. Antibodies have two fundamental characteristics: Specificity: the ability to bind to epitopes. One B-cell will make only one specificity of antibodies. That is, ...
- Robert Fox, MD, Ph.D.
... lymphocytes “home” to the glands 3. When the homing receptor encounters vascular adhesive molecules, the lymphocyte enters tissue. CD4+ Blood ...
... lymphocytes “home” to the glands 3. When the homing receptor encounters vascular adhesive molecules, the lymphocyte enters tissue. CD4+ Blood ...
L18 Notes
... cholera toxin cleaves to become an active enzyme. The enzymatic fragment of the toxin is an ‘ADP-ribosyltransferase’, an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of the ADP ribosyl part of NAD to the stimulatory G-protein subunit (Gs). (This reaction is called ADPribosylation). Normally, a G-protein medi ...
... cholera toxin cleaves to become an active enzyme. The enzymatic fragment of the toxin is an ‘ADP-ribosyltransferase’, an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of the ADP ribosyl part of NAD to the stimulatory G-protein subunit (Gs). (This reaction is called ADPribosylation). Normally, a G-protein medi ...
IIMEC10 Conference Report
... history explaining that Rituximab had been used in 1998 to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis and SLE. The work of Mella and Fluge then further drove the hypothesis that B cell depletion could be implicated in ME/CFS. Her group looked at B Cell biology, biomarkers for response and relapse and other B cell d ...
... history explaining that Rituximab had been used in 1998 to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis and SLE. The work of Mella and Fluge then further drove the hypothesis that B cell depletion could be implicated in ME/CFS. Her group looked at B Cell biology, biomarkers for response and relapse and other B cell d ...
Genetic Disorders
... and/or the result of environmental trigger (microbe). Bind to receptors on (A cytokine acts only on a cell that has a receptor for it). either cell which produced it or another cell. Receptor binding Trigger signal transduction pathways. Signal results in altered pattern of gene expression . Cytokin ...
... and/or the result of environmental trigger (microbe). Bind to receptors on (A cytokine acts only on a cell that has a receptor for it). either cell which produced it or another cell. Receptor binding Trigger signal transduction pathways. Signal results in altered pattern of gene expression . Cytokin ...
The Body`s Lines of Defense
... It must also deal with abnormal body cells that sometimes turn into cancer. ...
... It must also deal with abnormal body cells that sometimes turn into cancer. ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.