Development of an Antigen-independent Affinity Assay to Study the
... FcγRs are expressed on all immune competent cells and most cells co-express activating and inhibiting receptors. It is generally accepted that NK cells, platelets and B-cells are exceptions to this as the two former only express activating receptors while the latter only express the inhibiting recep ...
... FcγRs are expressed on all immune competent cells and most cells co-express activating and inhibiting receptors. It is generally accepted that NK cells, platelets and B-cells are exceptions to this as the two former only express activating receptors while the latter only express the inhibiting recep ...
Full Text - The Journal of Immunology
... levels. Finally, leptin was positively correlated with CD4⫹ levels in children infected with HIV (45). In this context, we have recently shown that leptin administration to women with exercise-induced relative energy and leptin deficiency improves not only neuroendocrine but also immune function in ...
... levels. Finally, leptin was positively correlated with CD4⫹ levels in children infected with HIV (45). In this context, we have recently shown that leptin administration to women with exercise-induced relative energy and leptin deficiency improves not only neuroendocrine but also immune function in ...
Elevated HMGB1-related interleukin
... Abstract: There were limited studies assessing the role of HMGB1 in TB infection. In this prospective study, we aimed to assess the levels of HMGB1 in plasma or sputum from active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) patients positive for Mtb culture test, and to evaluate its relationship with inflammatory ...
... Abstract: There were limited studies assessing the role of HMGB1 in TB infection. In this prospective study, we aimed to assess the levels of HMGB1 in plasma or sputum from active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) patients positive for Mtb culture test, and to evaluate its relationship with inflammatory ...
TOWARDS A DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF THE RED BLOOD
... Red blood cells (RBCs) are vital for oxygen delivery to tissues and constitute the vast majority of all cells in blood. After leaving the red bone marrow as mature cells, RBCs have a lifespan of approximately 120 days before they are removed from the circulation by macrophages, mainly in the spleen ...
... Red blood cells (RBCs) are vital for oxygen delivery to tissues and constitute the vast majority of all cells in blood. After leaving the red bone marrow as mature cells, RBCs have a lifespan of approximately 120 days before they are removed from the circulation by macrophages, mainly in the spleen ...
Toll-like receptor 4 ligand can differentially modulate the
... platelet activating factor 4 (PAF4), platelet-derived growth factor, a, b polypeptide (PDGF-AB), Angiogenin, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and presumably secreted) and sCD40L] were measured in triplicate from aliquots of unstimulated (control) or LPS-stimulated platelet ...
... platelet activating factor 4 (PAF4), platelet-derived growth factor, a, b polypeptide (PDGF-AB), Angiogenin, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and presumably secreted) and sCD40L] were measured in triplicate from aliquots of unstimulated (control) or LPS-stimulated platelet ...
VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS REPLICON
... significantly to my development as a scientist, and as a person; I am forever indebted to you all. I also would like to thank my undergraduate advisor from the University of Florida, Rich Condit, who persuaded me to go into science and has continued to mentor and encourage me over the last few years ...
... significantly to my development as a scientist, and as a person; I am forever indebted to you all. I also would like to thank my undergraduate advisor from the University of Florida, Rich Condit, who persuaded me to go into science and has continued to mentor and encourage me over the last few years ...
Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers
... determining constituents of the mucus layer, which form a considerable physical barrier to enteric commensals and pathogens. The importance of the mucus glycoproteins for host protection is highlighted by the fact that absence of the main intestinal secreted mucin (MUC2) leads to spontaneous and let ...
... determining constituents of the mucus layer, which form a considerable physical barrier to enteric commensals and pathogens. The importance of the mucus glycoproteins for host protection is highlighted by the fact that absence of the main intestinal secreted mucin (MUC2) leads to spontaneous and let ...
CHAPTER ONE
... The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is dedicated to processing and absorbing nutrients and fluids essential for the maintenance of good health (Martinez-Augustin et al., 2009). For the GIT to function optimally, a balance is maintained between intestinal motility and intestinal fluid volume. The latter ...
... The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is dedicated to processing and absorbing nutrients and fluids essential for the maintenance of good health (Martinez-Augustin et al., 2009). For the GIT to function optimally, a balance is maintained between intestinal motility and intestinal fluid volume. The latter ...
Modeling the interactions of bacteria and Toll-like
... with a dense and rapidly diversifying population of bacteria, known as the normal flora, that is essential for the maturation of the immune system and for the developmental regulation of the intestinal physiology (Collado et al., 2012). The first components of the normal flora to appear are facultative ...
... with a dense and rapidly diversifying population of bacteria, known as the normal flora, that is essential for the maturation of the immune system and for the developmental regulation of the intestinal physiology (Collado et al., 2012). The first components of the normal flora to appear are facultative ...
Humoral and cellular immune responses to Helicobacter
... gastric inflammation, ulcer disease, and also gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been found that bacterial colonization densities are of great importance for the degree of mucosal inflammation and damage, (10, 56, 151) and BabA appears to be a key factor favoring high colonization densities. Since prese ...
... gastric inflammation, ulcer disease, and also gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been found that bacterial colonization densities are of great importance for the degree of mucosal inflammation and damage, (10, 56, 151) and BabA appears to be a key factor favoring high colonization densities. Since prese ...
Anaphylaxis_01 (Pathophysiology)
... proposed that under physiologic conditions, Cremophor formed large micelles with serum lipids and cholesterol, stimulating complement activation. Some human mast cells express receptors for "anaphylatoxins" C3a and C5a, and release histamine in response to exposure to these complement fragments. Mac ...
... proposed that under physiologic conditions, Cremophor formed large micelles with serum lipids and cholesterol, stimulating complement activation. Some human mast cells express receptors for "anaphylatoxins" C3a and C5a, and release histamine in response to exposure to these complement fragments. Mac ...
Characterization of thymic hyperplasia associated with autoimmune
... release of IFN-I. We also observed that IFN-I was able to upregulate CXCL13 and CCL21, similarly to what is observed in the MG thymus. In addition, Poly(I:C) injections in wildtype mice, but not in IFN-I receptor KO 0"1$2&%,$1"."13445&"-1!$3%$&'(50"1&$+,!$%%")-&).&/-AChR and, in parallel, CXCL13 and ...
... release of IFN-I. We also observed that IFN-I was able to upregulate CXCL13 and CCL21, similarly to what is observed in the MG thymus. In addition, Poly(I:C) injections in wildtype mice, but not in IFN-I receptor KO 0"1$2&%,$1"."13445&"-1!$3%$&'(50"1&$+,!$%%")-&).&/-AChR and, in parallel, CXCL13 and ...
LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS = Not good, and for - Nutri-Spec
... Here we have yet another study using Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with other probiotics in a controlled trial to determine any benefit for IBS. This study did show benefit to IBS patients from the probiotics, but, the multispecies probiotic used in the test group included several species ...
... Here we have yet another study using Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with other probiotics in a controlled trial to determine any benefit for IBS. This study did show benefit to IBS patients from the probiotics, but, the multispecies probiotic used in the test group included several species ...
Antigen-Specific Antibody Glycosylation Is Regulated via
... control of HIV [2], influenza [3], Ebola virus [4], and bacterial infections [5]. Earlier work suggests that potent, long-lived antibody effector activity is driven by IgG1 antibodies [6], the dominant subclass in the blood [7]. However, as all vaccinated and infected individuals ultimately produce ...
... control of HIV [2], influenza [3], Ebola virus [4], and bacterial infections [5]. Earlier work suggests that potent, long-lived antibody effector activity is driven by IgG1 antibodies [6], the dominant subclass in the blood [7]. However, as all vaccinated and infected individuals ultimately produce ...
LMP1 signaling can replace CD40 signaling in B cells in vivo and
... LMP1, binds directly to TRAF 6.7,11 Conversely, LMP1, but not CD40, binds to the tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated death domain protein (TRADD) and receptor-interacting protein (RIP).12 The most striking difference between LMP1 and CD40 is that LMP1 constitutively signals independently of li ...
... LMP1, binds directly to TRAF 6.7,11 Conversely, LMP1, but not CD40, binds to the tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated death domain protein (TRADD) and receptor-interacting protein (RIP).12 The most striking difference between LMP1 and CD40 is that LMP1 constitutively signals independently of li ...
Fc lessons from murine mercury-induced autoimmunity. -receptors in systemic autoimmune conditions -
... Positive selection yields functional T cells that have the potential to recognize both self and foreign antigens. Therefore, negative selection exists to manage potentially self-reactive cells. Cells recognising self-antigens may still escape and enter the periphery. These cells are kept under contr ...
... Positive selection yields functional T cells that have the potential to recognize both self and foreign antigens. Therefore, negative selection exists to manage potentially self-reactive cells. Cells recognising self-antigens may still escape and enter the periphery. These cells are kept under contr ...
Print - Circulation Research
... likely other hypertensive stimuli. Inhibition of sympathetic outflow by AV3V lesioning or by deletion of the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox in the subfornical organ reduces hypertension and T cell activation, while activation of sympathetic outflow by deletion of the extracellular superoxide dismutas ...
... likely other hypertensive stimuli. Inhibition of sympathetic outflow by AV3V lesioning or by deletion of the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox in the subfornical organ reduces hypertension and T cell activation, while activation of sympathetic outflow by deletion of the extracellular superoxide dismutas ...
The age-dependent expression of the F18 E. coli receptor
... detected. To examine whether both the histo-blood group antigens H-2 and A-2 play a role in F18+ E. coli adhesion, first of all, the correlation between the expression of both HBGAs and F18+ E. coli adherence was investigated. The presence of H-2 and A-2 HBGAs on the intestinal epithelial cells of p ...
... detected. To examine whether both the histo-blood group antigens H-2 and A-2 play a role in F18+ E. coli adhesion, first of all, the correlation between the expression of both HBGAs and F18+ E. coli adherence was investigated. The presence of H-2 and A-2 HBGAs on the intestinal epithelial cells of p ...
Chromatin as a target antigen in human and murine lupus nephritis
... How tolerance against chromatin components is terminated is not fully understood. Chromatin undergoes alterations during apoptosis and is normally not exposed for the immune system. In the case of increased apoptosis or deficient clearance, however, these components may be exposed as secondary necrot ...
... How tolerance against chromatin components is terminated is not fully understood. Chromatin undergoes alterations during apoptosis and is normally not exposed for the immune system. In the case of increased apoptosis or deficient clearance, however, these components may be exposed as secondary necrot ...
Modulation of immune responses by the tumor suppressor p53
... initiate healing. It is a complex signal-mediated reaction by vascular tissues to cellular insults such as pathogens and infectious agents, toxins, physical stress or damaged cells. Acute inflammation is an important mode of immune response, while chronic inflammation can cause tissue destruction or ...
... initiate healing. It is a complex signal-mediated reaction by vascular tissues to cellular insults such as pathogens and infectious agents, toxins, physical stress or damaged cells. Acute inflammation is an important mode of immune response, while chronic inflammation can cause tissue destruction or ...
Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock proteins in women
... synergistic effect of C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis infections for the development of tubal damage causing infertility. Had such an effect existed a higher frequency of C. pneumoniae antibodies would have been expected among the patients with tubal infertility as prior C. pneumoniae infection wou ...
... synergistic effect of C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis infections for the development of tubal damage causing infertility. Had such an effect existed a higher frequency of C. pneumoniae antibodies would have been expected among the patients with tubal infertility as prior C. pneumoniae infection wou ...
A Functional Study of the Drosophila Host Defense
... efficient mechanisms to protect themselves from hostile agents that threaten their homeostasis. Common to all of these organisms is the ability of the host to recognize these harmful disease-causing agents and to carry out elaborate defense mechanisms in order to ensure the survival of the host. Som ...
... efficient mechanisms to protect themselves from hostile agents that threaten their homeostasis. Common to all of these organisms is the ability of the host to recognize these harmful disease-causing agents and to carry out elaborate defense mechanisms in order to ensure the survival of the host. Som ...
Combining Human and Rat Sequences in Her
... mouse tyrosinase DNA prolongs the survival of dogs with malignant melanoma (21), resulting in the licensing of a DNA vaccine for canine melanoma (21, 22). To test if heterologous antigens could be exploited to improve Her-2 vaccine efficacy, BALB NeuT mice expressing a rat neu transgene were electro ...
... mouse tyrosinase DNA prolongs the survival of dogs with malignant melanoma (21), resulting in the licensing of a DNA vaccine for canine melanoma (21, 22). To test if heterologous antigens could be exploited to improve Her-2 vaccine efficacy, BALB NeuT mice expressing a rat neu transgene were electro ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.