apch22.ppt
... Eosinophils – leave blood to enter tissues. Produce enzymes to break down chemicals from Mast cells & basophils. Kill some parasites. High numbers when inflammation occurs. Natural Killer (NK) Cells – Recognize cell types (tumor or virus infected cells) and destroy those cells, damage cell membranes ...
... Eosinophils – leave blood to enter tissues. Produce enzymes to break down chemicals from Mast cells & basophils. Kill some parasites. High numbers when inflammation occurs. Natural Killer (NK) Cells – Recognize cell types (tumor or virus infected cells) and destroy those cells, damage cell membranes ...
TB Basics - Slides - Treatment Action Group
... a granuloma that can keep TB from causing disease and spreading it to other people. When in this stage of latency, TB bacilli change their diet so that they require very little oxygen to survive and can remain dormant or reproduce at very low levels. ...
... a granuloma that can keep TB from causing disease and spreading it to other people. When in this stage of latency, TB bacilli change their diet so that they require very little oxygen to survive and can remain dormant or reproduce at very low levels. ...
defence mechanism of gingiva
... periodontal pathogenesis. Even in localized juvenile periodontitis as well as rapidly progressive periodontitis case, phagocytic activity of neutrophils is clearly diminished confirming the protective role of neutrophils. ...
... periodontal pathogenesis. Even in localized juvenile periodontitis as well as rapidly progressive periodontitis case, phagocytic activity of neutrophils is clearly diminished confirming the protective role of neutrophils. ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... 3) After a second exposure, a secondary response occurs and the antibody titer rises rapidly to a level much greater than before; this is a “booster.” 4) The high antibody titer is now expected to prevent any disease symptoms if the individual is infected. f. Active immunity depends on memory B and ...
... 3) After a second exposure, a secondary response occurs and the antibody titer rises rapidly to a level much greater than before; this is a “booster.” 4) The high antibody titer is now expected to prevent any disease symptoms if the individual is infected. f. Active immunity depends on memory B and ...
T cells
... macromolecules from the intestinal lumen into subepithelial tissues. •They are thought to play an important role in delivering antigen to Peyer’s patches ...
... macromolecules from the intestinal lumen into subepithelial tissues. •They are thought to play an important role in delivering antigen to Peyer’s patches ...
혈액세포의 관찰 (Observation of Blood cells)
... activated. They do not release antibodies in the bloodstream, but they keep the antibodies on their membrane and use them to recognize cells mainly of its own organism infected by virus or tumoral cells. The cytotoxic lymphocytes kill cells by means of the release of perforins, substances which prod ...
... activated. They do not release antibodies in the bloodstream, but they keep the antibodies on their membrane and use them to recognize cells mainly of its own organism infected by virus or tumoral cells. The cytotoxic lymphocytes kill cells by means of the release of perforins, substances which prod ...
TITLE of LESSON Immune system – Components of the immune
... Describe the teamwork between blood capillary and lymphatic system ...
... Describe the teamwork between blood capillary and lymphatic system ...
Autoimmunity
... can potentially activate a T-Cell with a TCR for a different epitope. c. ____ ‘Molecular mimicry’ results from infections by two closely related bacterial species. d.____ The similarity between SLE and a Type-III hypersensitivity-like mechanism is that both involve: deposition of immune complexes in ...
... can potentially activate a T-Cell with a TCR for a different epitope. c. ____ ‘Molecular mimicry’ results from infections by two closely related bacterial species. d.____ The similarity between SLE and a Type-III hypersensitivity-like mechanism is that both involve: deposition of immune complexes in ...
Sample of - Test Bank Instant
... A) autoimmunity B) natural immunity C) acquired immunity D) alloimmunity 44. A white blood cell described as between 12 to 22 m with a large horseshoe-shaped nucleus that further differentiates in the tissue to become a macrophage best describes: A) neutrophil B) lymphocyte C) basophil D) monocyte ...
... A) autoimmunity B) natural immunity C) acquired immunity D) alloimmunity 44. A white blood cell described as between 12 to 22 m with a large horseshoe-shaped nucleus that further differentiates in the tissue to become a macrophage best describes: A) neutrophil B) lymphocyte C) basophil D) monocyte ...
Chapter 22
... Antigen-presenting cells phagocytically ingest unprocessed antigens, process them and let them combine with MHC II molecules. Note the vescicles. The complex will be presented on the surface of the cells. They stimulate the other immune cells to divide leading to destruction of antigen presenting ce ...
... Antigen-presenting cells phagocytically ingest unprocessed antigens, process them and let them combine with MHC II molecules. Note the vescicles. The complex will be presented on the surface of the cells. They stimulate the other immune cells to divide leading to destruction of antigen presenting ce ...
Immune Response 101
... mucous membranes. Other antibody types are also found in blood and tissue fluids. c. The primary response takes about 10-14 days to make “a substantial amount” of antibody to be effective. The secondary response is quicker because there are many T helper and B memory cells around to make more specif ...
... mucous membranes. Other antibody types are also found in blood and tissue fluids. c. The primary response takes about 10-14 days to make “a substantial amount” of antibody to be effective. The secondary response is quicker because there are many T helper and B memory cells around to make more specif ...
Transplantation Immunology
... the transfer of tissue from one species to another Usually refers to the implantation of animal tissue in humans provides a new source of organs for humans many different types of tissue can be transplanted: e.g. heart, kidney, liver or lung ...
... the transfer of tissue from one species to another Usually refers to the implantation of animal tissue in humans provides a new source of organs for humans many different types of tissue can be transplanted: e.g. heart, kidney, liver or lung ...
Immune Network: An Example of Complex Adaptive Systems
... cells. These produce antibodies, which react with the antigen and eventually lead to the elimination of the antigen from the host system. The remaining fraction of the proliferating B-cells become dormant and keep circulating in the bloodstream carrying a memory of the encounter with the antigen; th ...
... cells. These produce antibodies, which react with the antigen and eventually lead to the elimination of the antigen from the host system. The remaining fraction of the proliferating B-cells become dormant and keep circulating in the bloodstream carrying a memory of the encounter with the antigen; th ...
WHY BMC?
... Bone marrow is the soft spongy tissue that is found in the center of your bones. In adults, marrow in the large bones are the producing center of your red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma components. Since this is the location of production, immature forms of these cells called stem cells, ...
... Bone marrow is the soft spongy tissue that is found in the center of your bones. In adults, marrow in the large bones are the producing center of your red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma components. Since this is the location of production, immature forms of these cells called stem cells, ...
cell - Castle High School
... variety of pathogens by activating specific lymphocytes from a pool. Diversity is generated primarily by DNA changes—chromosomal rearrangements and other mutations. The adaptive immune system is “predeveloped”—all of the machinery available to respond to an immense diversity of antigens is already t ...
... variety of pathogens by activating specific lymphocytes from a pool. Diversity is generated primarily by DNA changes—chromosomal rearrangements and other mutations. The adaptive immune system is “predeveloped”—all of the machinery available to respond to an immense diversity of antigens is already t ...
European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2013
... Body: Virus-induced exacerbations of asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis (CF) have recently been linked to an impaired innate immune response in epithelial cells. The impaired response to viral infection is characterized by reduced interferon production and increased viral replication. However, the und ...
... Body: Virus-induced exacerbations of asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis (CF) have recently been linked to an impaired innate immune response in epithelial cells. The impaired response to viral infection is characterized by reduced interferon production and increased viral replication. However, the und ...
Overview of the Cattle Immune System
... This system adapts and builds a precise immune response for each challenge that the animal encounters. However, it takes longer to become effective compared to the innate immune system, sometimes up to several days following the infection. The adaptive system is characterized by production of antibo ...
... This system adapts and builds a precise immune response for each challenge that the animal encounters. However, it takes longer to become effective compared to the innate immune system, sometimes up to several days following the infection. The adaptive system is characterized by production of antibo ...
Immunology of Pregnancy 2013 Brochure
... Since a September, 1992, Nature article which read: “Can there be life without LIF?”, researchers now realize that the maternal immune system is both a foe (it can reject the conceptus) and a friend (immune cells and molecules are also necessary for successful pregnancy). Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ...
... Since a September, 1992, Nature article which read: “Can there be life without LIF?”, researchers now realize that the maternal immune system is both a foe (it can reject the conceptus) and a friend (immune cells and molecules are also necessary for successful pregnancy). Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ...
Document
... • Once activated, a B or T cell undergoes multiple cell divisions • This proliferation of lymphocytes is called clonal selection • Two types of clones are produced: short-lived activated effector cells that act immediately against the antigen and long-lived memory cells that can give rise to effect ...
... • Once activated, a B or T cell undergoes multiple cell divisions • This proliferation of lymphocytes is called clonal selection • Two types of clones are produced: short-lived activated effector cells that act immediately against the antigen and long-lived memory cells that can give rise to effect ...
1. T cells
... T cells express T-cell receptors that recognize the antigen information associated with MHC molecules (Fig. 3.3). T cells are produced in the bone marrow and develop in the thymus. T cells are classified by function into CD4 positive helper T cells (helper T lymphocyte; Th) and CD8 positive cytotoxi ...
... T cells express T-cell receptors that recognize the antigen information associated with MHC molecules (Fig. 3.3). T cells are produced in the bone marrow and develop in the thymus. T cells are classified by function into CD4 positive helper T cells (helper T lymphocyte; Th) and CD8 positive cytotoxi ...
Transport circulation
... Damaged cells from infection release chemical causing an increase of blood in area Swelling, Redness, Warmth, Pain in area of infection ...
... Damaged cells from infection release chemical causing an increase of blood in area Swelling, Redness, Warmth, Pain in area of infection ...
Blood Cell Development
... Humoral Immunity or B-cell immunity Antibodies Cell-mediated Immunity or T-cell immunity Activated T-Lymphocytes Activated by antigens Polysaccharide / protein patterns (sterochemical characteristics) on outer surface of a foreign substance Epitope Haptens Small molecules that combine wi ...
... Humoral Immunity or B-cell immunity Antibodies Cell-mediated Immunity or T-cell immunity Activated T-Lymphocytes Activated by antigens Polysaccharide / protein patterns (sterochemical characteristics) on outer surface of a foreign substance Epitope Haptens Small molecules that combine wi ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.