Cells, Tissues and Organs of the Immune System
... – helper CD4+ – cytotoxic CD8+ – T regulatory ...
... – helper CD4+ – cytotoxic CD8+ – T regulatory ...
... mature in the bone marrow, and are generally associated with antibody production. T cells mature in the thymus gland. These are most associated with helping B cells and killing infected cells. There are additional (not B, not T) immune system cells such as phagocytes (“cell eaters”). Some cells are ...
Slide 1
... involved in the cellular response (antibody, TCR, most CD [cell surface molecules expressed on various cell types in the immune system]) contain elements of common structure. The domains in these molecules are built on a common motif, called the immunoglobulin fold, in which two anti-parallel sheets ...
... involved in the cellular response (antibody, TCR, most CD [cell surface molecules expressed on various cell types in the immune system]) contain elements of common structure. The domains in these molecules are built on a common motif, called the immunoglobulin fold, in which two anti-parallel sheets ...
Cell-mediated Response
... Injury to Islet cells: macrophages provoke insulitis by release of interleukin. -Can lead to presentation of cryptic antigens.... 3 ...
... Injury to Islet cells: macrophages provoke insulitis by release of interleukin. -Can lead to presentation of cryptic antigens.... 3 ...
DISEASE NOTES
... than injury) that interferes with _____________________ _______________________, causing ________________, ____________________, or _______________ problems ...
... than injury) that interferes with _____________________ _______________________, causing ________________, ____________________, or _______________ problems ...
T cell activation
... TH1 based immune response The infected macrophage produces protein fragments derived from intracellular parasites, some of them are presented on the macrophage surface in the complex with MHC gp class II Macrophages and dendritic cells stimulated by certain microorganisms produce IL-12 TH pre ...
... TH1 based immune response The infected macrophage produces protein fragments derived from intracellular parasites, some of them are presented on the macrophage surface in the complex with MHC gp class II Macrophages and dendritic cells stimulated by certain microorganisms produce IL-12 TH pre ...
Immunology: Animal Defense Systems
... variety of pathogens by activating specific lymphocytes from a pool. Diversity is generated primarily by DNA changes—chromosomal rearrangements and other mutations. The adaptive immune system is “predeveloped”—all of the machinery available to respond to an immense diversity of antigens is already t ...
... variety of pathogens by activating specific lymphocytes from a pool. Diversity is generated primarily by DNA changes—chromosomal rearrangements and other mutations. The adaptive immune system is “predeveloped”—all of the machinery available to respond to an immense diversity of antigens is already t ...
chapter 14-disease - Woodland Christian School
... lymph nodes areas that filter lymph and trap pathogens genetic disorder a noncontagious disease that is usually inherited allergen something that causes an allergy virus a nonliving microscopic particle that often causes disease acute beginning suddenly and lasting for a short time infectious diseas ...
... lymph nodes areas that filter lymph and trap pathogens genetic disorder a noncontagious disease that is usually inherited allergen something that causes an allergy virus a nonliving microscopic particle that often causes disease acute beginning suddenly and lasting for a short time infectious diseas ...
The immune system
... Sometimes the immune system will make a mistake. 1. It may attack your own body as if it were the enemy, eg. insulin dependent diabetes (the type that most often starts in children and young people) is caused by the immune system attacking the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. 2. Allergies ar ...
... Sometimes the immune system will make a mistake. 1. It may attack your own body as if it were the enemy, eg. insulin dependent diabetes (the type that most often starts in children and young people) is caused by the immune system attacking the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. 2. Allergies ar ...
细胞因子
... named) as a substance that can cause the necrosis of tumors in vivo TNF-α and TNF-β TNF-α is produced by LPS-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes and activated T cells. ...
... named) as a substance that can cause the necrosis of tumors in vivo TNF-α and TNF-β TNF-α is produced by LPS-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes and activated T cells. ...
Types of White Blood Cells WBCs.
... Mobile macrophages migrate from blood stream into tissue space and attack foreign invaders. Another large portion become attached to the tissues and remains their for months or even years until they are called to action These attached tissue macrophages have the same capabilities as mobile one ...
... Mobile macrophages migrate from blood stream into tissue space and attack foreign invaders. Another large portion become attached to the tissues and remains their for months or even years until they are called to action These attached tissue macrophages have the same capabilities as mobile one ...
Immunity and Health - PubContent test page
... Memory cells produced during a primary immune response (such as to chicken pox) enable you to mount a faster, stronger secondary response following exposure to the virus later in life, preventing illness. ...
... Memory cells produced during a primary immune response (such as to chicken pox) enable you to mount a faster, stronger secondary response following exposure to the virus later in life, preventing illness. ...
helper
... release perforin protein insert into membrane of target cell forms pore allowing fluid to flow in & out of cell natural killer cell ...
... release perforin protein insert into membrane of target cell forms pore allowing fluid to flow in & out of cell natural killer cell ...
Lecture 5 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... Two binding sites/molecule Chains held together by disulfide bonds (and noncovalent forces). ...
... Two binding sites/molecule Chains held together by disulfide bonds (and noncovalent forces). ...
Types of Cells Panayiotoufinal
... function in both non-specific defense (innate immunity) as well as help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) of vertebrate animals. Their role is to phagocytose, or engulf and then digest, cellular debris and pathogens, either as stationary or as mobile cells. They also stimulate ...
... function in both non-specific defense (innate immunity) as well as help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) of vertebrate animals. Their role is to phagocytose, or engulf and then digest, cellular debris and pathogens, either as stationary or as mobile cells. They also stimulate ...
5 Immunoglobulins
... IMMUNOGLOBULINS Definition Glycoprotein molecules that are present on B cells (BCR) or produced by plasma cells (usually referred to as antibodies) in response to an immunogen ...
... IMMUNOGLOBULINS Definition Glycoprotein molecules that are present on B cells (BCR) or produced by plasma cells (usually referred to as antibodies) in response to an immunogen ...
The immune system protects the body from disease.
... assembled into antibodies within the cytoplasm ...
... assembled into antibodies within the cytoplasm ...
The Immune System - Thornapple Kellogg High School
... plasma cells. The secreted antibodies are specific for the same bacterial antigen that initiated the response. ...
... plasma cells. The secreted antibodies are specific for the same bacterial antigen that initiated the response. ...
Antigens and antibidies
... cells, which initially express neither CD4 nor CD8 (double-negatives), first differentiate to express both CD4 and CD8 (double-positives) and then proceed to express either CD4 or CD8. A doublepositive cell will differentiate into a CD4-positive cell if it contacts a cell bearing class II MHC protei ...
... cells, which initially express neither CD4 nor CD8 (double-negatives), first differentiate to express both CD4 and CD8 (double-positives) and then proceed to express either CD4 or CD8. A doublepositive cell will differentiate into a CD4-positive cell if it contacts a cell bearing class II MHC protei ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.