KRO SLS IMMKit_091405.indd
... Echinacea has long been recognized by the Native Americans as a versatile and medicinal herb. It can be used for coughs, colds and sore throats and possesses other uses as well. Research has found Echinacea to stimulate phagocytosis, the process in which immune cells fight disease causing organisms s ...
... Echinacea has long been recognized by the Native Americans as a versatile and medicinal herb. It can be used for coughs, colds and sore throats and possesses other uses as well. Research has found Echinacea to stimulate phagocytosis, the process in which immune cells fight disease causing organisms s ...
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... against a role for circulating autoantibodies in the immunopathology of idiopathic keratitis. First, the presence of corneal autoantibodies is not restricted to patients with idiopathic keratitis; cornea-specific autoantibodies can be found in some types of uveitis, in connective tissue disease with ...
... against a role for circulating autoantibodies in the immunopathology of idiopathic keratitis. First, the presence of corneal autoantibodies is not restricted to patients with idiopathic keratitis; cornea-specific autoantibodies can be found in some types of uveitis, in connective tissue disease with ...
Synergistic Communication between CD4+ T Cells and Monocytes
... In an effort to determine which cells may be secreting cytokines characteristic of the plasma signature, we organized data by presence or absence of a cytokine under all conditions, for each category of cells (CD4+T cells, monocytes, mixtures, combined across the two mixture fraction, PBMCs, or pla ...
... In an effort to determine which cells may be secreting cytokines characteristic of the plasma signature, we organized data by presence or absence of a cytokine under all conditions, for each category of cells (CD4+T cells, monocytes, mixtures, combined across the two mixture fraction, PBMCs, or pla ...
B antigen
... • ABO subgroups differ in the amount of antigen present on the red blood cell membrane – Subgroups have less antigen • Subgroups are the result of less effective enzymes. They are not as efficient in converting H antigens to A or B antigens (fewer antigens are present on the RBC) • Subgroups of A ar ...
... • ABO subgroups differ in the amount of antigen present on the red blood cell membrane – Subgroups have less antigen • Subgroups are the result of less effective enzymes. They are not as efficient in converting H antigens to A or B antigens (fewer antigens are present on the RBC) • Subgroups of A ar ...
Cytochrome P450s in human immune cells regulate IL-22
... Although AHR was mainly studied in the field of xenobiotic metabolism, this sensor regulates critical immune responses, and thus, translates environmental signals into immunological actions16. However, AHR activation by different ligands do not result in one specific immune response but rather in di ...
... Although AHR was mainly studied in the field of xenobiotic metabolism, this sensor regulates critical immune responses, and thus, translates environmental signals into immunological actions16. However, AHR activation by different ligands do not result in one specific immune response but rather in di ...
No Slide Title
... ‘‘Milky spot’’: They consist of macrophages, B and T lymphocytes and mast cells, immersed in a network of connective tissue, vascularized by fenestrated capillaries and lymphatic vessels. Near milky spots, the mesothelium is practically devoid of basement membrane so that macrophages and lymphocyte ...
... ‘‘Milky spot’’: They consist of macrophages, B and T lymphocytes and mast cells, immersed in a network of connective tissue, vascularized by fenestrated capillaries and lymphatic vessels. Near milky spots, the mesothelium is practically devoid of basement membrane so that macrophages and lymphocyte ...
2 1-fructans modulate the immune system in vivo by direct
... short and long-chain β2→1-fructans to determine (1) whether β2→1-fructans are able to modulate the immune system in vivo, (2) whether there are differences between short- and long-chain β2→1-fructans with respect to the type of immune responses that are induced and (3) the direct effects of β2→1-fru ...
... short and long-chain β2→1-fructans to determine (1) whether β2→1-fructans are able to modulate the immune system in vivo, (2) whether there are differences between short- and long-chain β2→1-fructans with respect to the type of immune responses that are induced and (3) the direct effects of β2→1-fru ...
Host parasite communications—Messages from
... cytokines, such as IL-12, that drive the Th1 response. The consistent ability of varied helminth products to suppress IL-12 release following TLR stimulation may be a mechanism aimed not so much at blocking anti-parasite immunity, but at avoiding collateral inflammation at barrier sites where, for ex ...
... cytokines, such as IL-12, that drive the Th1 response. The consistent ability of varied helminth products to suppress IL-12 release following TLR stimulation may be a mechanism aimed not so much at blocking anti-parasite immunity, but at avoiding collateral inflammation at barrier sites where, for ex ...
The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double
... does not lead directly to inflammation but can lead to MHC-class-II-restricted antigen presentation of internalized material, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity 27. Considering their role in the formation of foam cells, one would expect scavenger receptors to have an important, if not cruc ...
... does not lead directly to inflammation but can lead to MHC-class-II-restricted antigen presentation of internalized material, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity 27. Considering their role in the formation of foam cells, one would expect scavenger receptors to have an important, if not cruc ...
The integration of T cell migration, differentiation and function
... The imperative for migration. Proliferation signals that induce clonal expansion are coupled with differentiation and migration cues that coordinate function with localization. Some T cells may remain within the SLO; for example, CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells upregulate CXCR5 and migrate to l ...
... The imperative for migration. Proliferation signals that induce clonal expansion are coupled with differentiation and migration cues that coordinate function with localization. Some T cells may remain within the SLO; for example, CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells upregulate CXCR5 and migrate to l ...
IDENTICAL PEPTIDES RECOGNIZED BY MHC CLASS I
... cells than for target cells in the presence of peptide (Fig . 2, a-e) . This could be due to the presence of additional class I epitopes on the virally expressed proteins or to increased density of antigen on the infected target cells. Nevertheless, all five peptides can clearly be recognized by T c ...
... cells than for target cells in the presence of peptide (Fig . 2, a-e) . This could be due to the presence of additional class I epitopes on the virally expressed proteins or to increased density of antigen on the infected target cells. Nevertheless, all five peptides can clearly be recognized by T c ...
Pathology of Infectious Diseases
... beginning after a few hours Monocytes and hours. macrophages characterize the later stages of inflammation. Eventually, fibroblasts may repair the site and endothelial cells provide new blood vessels. ...
... beginning after a few hours Monocytes and hours. macrophages characterize the later stages of inflammation. Eventually, fibroblasts may repair the site and endothelial cells provide new blood vessels. ...
antibodies
... a growing tumor early during cancer development, namely damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) [24,25], released either directly from the dying tumor cells or damaged tissues ingrown by invasive tumors. DAMPs can be detected by different receptor types inducing a type I interferon ans ...
... a growing tumor early during cancer development, namely damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) [24,25], released either directly from the dying tumor cells or damaged tissues ingrown by invasive tumors. DAMPs can be detected by different receptor types inducing a type I interferon ans ...
Immune suppression in cancer: Effects on immune cells
... these phenotypic data, although ex vivo responses to these epitopes are often weak and require in vitro sensitization (IVS) with antigen-presenting cells (APC) and exogenous cytokines. Taken together, it is clear that T lymphocyte precursors capable of responding to self-antigens, which are often ov ...
... these phenotypic data, although ex vivo responses to these epitopes are often weak and require in vitro sensitization (IVS) with antigen-presenting cells (APC) and exogenous cytokines. Taken together, it is clear that T lymphocyte precursors capable of responding to self-antigens, which are often ov ...
CANCER VACCINES: BETWEEN THE IDEA AND THE REALITY Olivera J. Finn
... through a process known as EPITOPE SPREADING17,28,29 or ‘provoked immunity’14. The more disturbing reason that might be driving the field away from vaccines that are based on defined tumour antigens is dissatisfaction with the results that have been achieved in the clinic so far. Before we underesti ...
... through a process known as EPITOPE SPREADING17,28,29 or ‘provoked immunity’14. The more disturbing reason that might be driving the field away from vaccines that are based on defined tumour antigens is dissatisfaction with the results that have been achieved in the clinic so far. Before we underesti ...
M. tuberculosis
... (1) Phagocytosis into macrophage → receptor dependent macrophage activation (2) Establishment of a balance: the granuloma → persistence for long time (3) Prevention of phagosome-lysosome fusion → no degradation but persistence (4) Mimicking of host signaling molecules → preventing fusion/degradation ...
... (1) Phagocytosis into macrophage → receptor dependent macrophage activation (2) Establishment of a balance: the granuloma → persistence for long time (3) Prevention of phagosome-lysosome fusion → no degradation but persistence (4) Mimicking of host signaling molecules → preventing fusion/degradation ...
cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality
... through a process known as EPITOPE SPREADING17,28,29 or ‘provoked immunity’14. The more disturbing reason that might be driving the field away from vaccines that are based on defined tumour antigens is dissatisfaction with the results that have been achieved in the clinic so far. Before we underesti ...
... through a process known as EPITOPE SPREADING17,28,29 or ‘provoked immunity’14. The more disturbing reason that might be driving the field away from vaccines that are based on defined tumour antigens is dissatisfaction with the results that have been achieved in the clinic so far. Before we underesti ...
Th9 Cells: A Novel CD4 T-cell Subset in the Immune War against
... produced high levels of IL21 and exerted IL21-dependent anticancer effects. IL21 is a cytokine, which is classically produced by activated CD4 T cells. This cytokine is a well-known stimulator of IFNg production and enhances the cytolytic activity of NK cells and CD8 T cells. In particular, IL21 boo ...
... produced high levels of IL21 and exerted IL21-dependent anticancer effects. IL21 is a cytokine, which is classically produced by activated CD4 T cells. This cytokine is a well-known stimulator of IFNg production and enhances the cytolytic activity of NK cells and CD8 T cells. In particular, IL21 boo ...
B Cell–Specific MHC Class II Deletion Reveals Multiple
... demonstrated. Nor is it known whether such APC function is nonredundant and whether it is, at least in part, upstream of DCdependent T cell activation. In the current studies, we sought to ...
... demonstrated. Nor is it known whether such APC function is nonredundant and whether it is, at least in part, upstream of DCdependent T cell activation. In the current studies, we sought to ...
Mendelian traits causing susceptibility to mucocutaneous fungal
... induction of signaling Dectin-1 is thought to play a pivotal role in mucosal antifungal defense in human subjects and mice.37-40 Being a PRR, dectin-1 signaling activates innate immune responses, such as phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines ...
... induction of signaling Dectin-1 is thought to play a pivotal role in mucosal antifungal defense in human subjects and mice.37-40 Being a PRR, dectin-1 signaling activates innate immune responses, such as phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines ...
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Their Ligands
... The mammalian immune system is divided into two types of immunity: innate and adaptive. Adaptive immunity is characterized by specificity and develops by clonal selection from a vast repertoire of lymphocytes bearing antigen-specific receptors that are generated by gene rearrangement. This mechanism ...
... The mammalian immune system is divided into two types of immunity: innate and adaptive. Adaptive immunity is characterized by specificity and develops by clonal selection from a vast repertoire of lymphocytes bearing antigen-specific receptors that are generated by gene rearrangement. This mechanism ...
Immunological aspects of age-related diseases
... cells are thought to be the precursor of memory T cells. By infection memory T cells respond quickly by producing cytokines, granzyme and perforin. Recently, new type of CD8 T cells have been discovered called “memory T cells with a naive phenotype” (TMNP cells), increased with age. TMNP cells have ...
... cells are thought to be the precursor of memory T cells. By infection memory T cells respond quickly by producing cytokines, granzyme and perforin. Recently, new type of CD8 T cells have been discovered called “memory T cells with a naive phenotype” (TMNP cells), increased with age. TMNP cells have ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.