Report Tissue-Expressed B7-H1 Critically Controls Intestinal Inflammation Cell Reports
... compared to WT mice reconstituted with B7-H1/ BM or with WT BM (Figure 2C). Only 10% of mice survived in the first group versus 70%–80% in the other two groups. The first group also showed severe histopathological changes in colon tissue sections stained with H&E (Figure 2D). These findings, toget ...
... compared to WT mice reconstituted with B7-H1/ BM or with WT BM (Figure 2C). Only 10% of mice survived in the first group versus 70%–80% in the other two groups. The first group also showed severe histopathological changes in colon tissue sections stained with H&E (Figure 2D). These findings, toget ...
Use of carbohydrates and peptides in studies of adhesion of
... The T cell immune response to derivatives of immunogenic peptides that carry carbohydrate haptens has also been studied using the tumour-associated antigen in Burkitt lymphoma as a model. Applications of an enhanced immune response against carbohydrate antigens may be useful in treatment of infectio ...
... The T cell immune response to derivatives of immunogenic peptides that carry carbohydrate haptens has also been studied using the tumour-associated antigen in Burkitt lymphoma as a model. Applications of an enhanced immune response against carbohydrate antigens may be useful in treatment of infectio ...
2005 Scientific Summary - Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America
... Myasthenia gravis is an auto-immune disease involving the site of communication between nerve and muscle, the neuromuscular junction. The lymphocyte class of immune cells are divided into two large groups: Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and B-cell lymphocytes. T-cells are involved in cell-medi ...
... Myasthenia gravis is an auto-immune disease involving the site of communication between nerve and muscle, the neuromuscular junction. The lymphocyte class of immune cells are divided into two large groups: Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and B-cell lymphocytes. T-cells are involved in cell-medi ...
MUCOSAL IMMUNITY IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT: INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS
... The immune system is able to generate an enormous variety of cells and molecules capable of recognizing and eliminating a large range of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and parasites) and other potentially dangerous agents. The immune response has been historically divided in two parts, one is phy ...
... The immune system is able to generate an enormous variety of cells and molecules capable of recognizing and eliminating a large range of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and parasites) and other potentially dangerous agents. The immune response has been historically divided in two parts, one is phy ...
Spectrum of EBV+ B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders
... Plasma cells ‐ polytypic FH usually present ...
... Plasma cells ‐ polytypic FH usually present ...
Booster Vaccinations against Cancer Are Critical
... Although cancer vaccines are in the clinic, several issues remain to be addressed to increase vaccine efficacy. In particular, whether how and how frequently a patient should be boosted remains to be defined. Here, we have assessed the ability of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines to induce a long-las ...
... Although cancer vaccines are in the clinic, several issues remain to be addressed to increase vaccine efficacy. In particular, whether how and how frequently a patient should be boosted remains to be defined. Here, we have assessed the ability of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines to induce a long-las ...
Down-regulation of miR-302c and miR
... As a first line of defence of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells exert direct and indirect antitumour effects via their cytotoxic and immune-regulatory capacities. Their activity is controlled by signals derived from a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors that recognise li ...
... As a first line of defence of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells exert direct and indirect antitumour effects via their cytotoxic and immune-regulatory capacities. Their activity is controlled by signals derived from a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors that recognise li ...
short Novo Protein Synthesis of c-FLIP De CD95
... cells was significantly decreased, although CHX alone had almost ...
... cells was significantly decreased, although CHX alone had almost ...
Immune Profiling by High Throughput Sequencing of B and T Cell
... the surface of cells by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I molecules(1). Helper T cells, marked by the surface expression of CD4, recognize longer peptides (~12-16 nucleotides) presented on the surface of cells by HLA Class II molecules(2). Both of these T cell types derive from a common progenit ...
... the surface of cells by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I molecules(1). Helper T cells, marked by the surface expression of CD4, recognize longer peptides (~12-16 nucleotides) presented on the surface of cells by HLA Class II molecules(2). Both of these T cell types derive from a common progenit ...
Current concepts in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis in human
... mechanisms leading to AD are still elusive and various studies have tried to unravel the key factors leading to this disease (8). Since Prausnitz and Kustner described the existence of a human serum factor that reacts with allergens in 1921, much effort has been made to characterize the effector mol ...
... mechanisms leading to AD are still elusive and various studies have tried to unravel the key factors leading to this disease (8). Since Prausnitz and Kustner described the existence of a human serum factor that reacts with allergens in 1921, much effort has been made to characterize the effector mol ...
Chaperokine activity of Hsp72
... Initial studies from Gallucci and co-workers demonstrated that dendritic cells (DC) are stimulated by endogenous signals received from stressed, virally infected or necrosis-induced cells, but not by healthy cells or cells undergoing apoptosis (25). The Srivastava group subsequently demonstrated tha ...
... Initial studies from Gallucci and co-workers demonstrated that dendritic cells (DC) are stimulated by endogenous signals received from stressed, virally infected or necrosis-induced cells, but not by healthy cells or cells undergoing apoptosis (25). The Srivastava group subsequently demonstrated tha ...
Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Ventilator
... Toll like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogens and generate an immediate defense response by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which rapidly destroy or limit the pathogens (1). In their bridging role, TLR downstream signals link innate and adaptive immunity, particularly by medi ...
... Toll like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogens and generate an immediate defense response by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which rapidly destroy or limit the pathogens (1). In their bridging role, TLR downstream signals link innate and adaptive immunity, particularly by medi ...
Viral immune evasion: a masterpiece of evolution
... of peptides or intracellular retention of the MHC complexes, a more radical approach is utilized by HCMV. Expression of HMCV gene products US2 and US11 result in degradation of MHC class I molecules (Wiertz et al. 1996a; Wiertz et al. 1996b). In cells expressing US2 or US11, the MHC class I molecule ...
... of peptides or intracellular retention of the MHC complexes, a more radical approach is utilized by HCMV. Expression of HMCV gene products US2 and US11 result in degradation of MHC class I molecules (Wiertz et al. 1996a; Wiertz et al. 1996b). In cells expressing US2 or US11, the MHC class I molecule ...
Immune System
... 2. Somatic hypermutation When a B-cell is activated it begins to rapidly divide. The VDJ regions have an abnormally high rate of mutation (1 nucleotide change per variable gene [VDL] per division) during S-phase resulting in a slight variations in all daughter cells – genetic diversity followed by n ...
... 2. Somatic hypermutation When a B-cell is activated it begins to rapidly divide. The VDJ regions have an abnormally high rate of mutation (1 nucleotide change per variable gene [VDL] per division) during S-phase resulting in a slight variations in all daughter cells – genetic diversity followed by n ...
A novel immunodeficiency disorder characterized by
... GATA3.6,7 These transcription factors induce the expression of cytokines by Th1- or Th2-polarized cells that function as a positive feedback loop to promote further polarization of cells to the same subtype and inhibit polarization to the opposing subtype. The culmination of these events is a domina ...
... GATA3.6,7 These transcription factors induce the expression of cytokines by Th1- or Th2-polarized cells that function as a positive feedback loop to promote further polarization of cells to the same subtype and inhibit polarization to the opposing subtype. The culmination of these events is a domina ...
The Adjuvants Aluminum Hydroxide And MF59 Induce Monocyte And
... disease burden and increasing life expectancy (1). The basic principle of most vaccines is to elicit an immune response that largely resembles that induced by real infections while avoiding unwanted side effects of infectious diseases. The desired result of vaccination or infection is immunity, that ...
... disease burden and increasing life expectancy (1). The basic principle of most vaccines is to elicit an immune response that largely resembles that induced by real infections while avoiding unwanted side effects of infectious diseases. The desired result of vaccination or infection is immunity, that ...
Innate immune response in avian macrophages elicited by
... from RBs into infectious EBs, but retain their metabolic activity. Not much is known about how the innate immune system of the host is influenced by a C. psittaci infection. C. psittaci replicates in epithelial cells and macrophages of the avian respiratory tract. Subsequently, C. psittaci can be de ...
... from RBs into infectious EBs, but retain their metabolic activity. Not much is known about how the innate immune system of the host is influenced by a C. psittaci infection. C. psittaci replicates in epithelial cells and macrophages of the avian respiratory tract. Subsequently, C. psittaci can be de ...
Lymphatic System
... Immunization is the process of increasing an individual’s resistance to a particular infection by artificial means. An antigen is a substance that is injected to stimulate production of antibodies. Examples of antigens are toxins produced by bacteria, dead or weakened bacteria, viruses and foreign p ...
... Immunization is the process of increasing an individual’s resistance to a particular infection by artificial means. An antigen is a substance that is injected to stimulate production of antibodies. Examples of antigens are toxins produced by bacteria, dead or weakened bacteria, viruses and foreign p ...
Immunological Synapses Within Context: Patterns of Cell–Cell
... explicitly address messages, even those of “soluble” mediators so that only certain cells are activated. The “immunological synapse,” a recurring pattern of cell–cell junctions for immune-cells represents a portion of the solution for the need for explicit communication. However, as an isolated conc ...
... explicitly address messages, even those of “soluble” mediators so that only certain cells are activated. The “immunological synapse,” a recurring pattern of cell–cell junctions for immune-cells represents a portion of the solution for the need for explicit communication. However, as an isolated conc ...
Group Five - Angelfire
... II. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma A. Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma B. Lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's lymphoma C. Mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma D. Lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's lymphoma ...
... II. Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma A. Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma B. Lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's lymphoma C. Mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma D. Lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's lymphoma ...
Course Objectives / Outline MLAB 1235 Immunology/Serology 1
... Describe the principle of the Western Blot test as it applies to testing for HIV antibodies. ...
... Describe the principle of the Western Blot test as it applies to testing for HIV antibodies. ...
Immune responses to human papilloma viruses
... CD4 T cell responses There is increasing evidence that, as in COPV, CD4 T cell responses to E2 and, probably E6 are important at least in hrHPV infections. A non intervention follow up study of women with cytological evidence of low grade CIN, showed that HPV16 E2-specific T cell responses, as mea ...
... CD4 T cell responses There is increasing evidence that, as in COPV, CD4 T cell responses to E2 and, probably E6 are important at least in hrHPV infections. A non intervention follow up study of women with cytological evidence of low grade CIN, showed that HPV16 E2-specific T cell responses, as mea ...
(From the Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda
... Determination of Anti-I Sites.The number of anti-I antigen sites per red cell was estimated by the technique of HughesJones, Gardner, and Telford (9). Purified anti-I antibody was prepared by reacting 2 ml of high titer antiserum at 0°C for 1 hr with 2 ml of red cell stromata. The stromata were prep ...
... Determination of Anti-I Sites.The number of anti-I antigen sites per red cell was estimated by the technique of HughesJones, Gardner, and Telford (9). Purified anti-I antibody was prepared by reacting 2 ml of high titer antiserum at 0°C for 1 hr with 2 ml of red cell stromata. The stromata were prep ...
How pregnancy can affect autoimmune diseases progression
... In mice many evidence confirmed the role of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines present at fetomaternal interface on the development of pregnancy [19–22]. Studies performed on unexplained recurrent abortion (URA), which is characterized by the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies in the first trime ...
... In mice many evidence confirmed the role of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines present at fetomaternal interface on the development of pregnancy [19–22]. Studies performed on unexplained recurrent abortion (URA), which is characterized by the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies in the first trime ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.