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III. Immunology and Complement
III. Immunology and Complement

...  Route of administration and dose – although not a “physical ...
Specific Defenses of the Host
Specific Defenses of the Host

... • In the thymus, Thymocytes undergo a double screening process. – Positive selection: Selects for thymoctes that have receptors capable of binding self-MHC. These cells are given a positive stimulus which allow them to live. • Thymocytes that fail positive selection die. ...
Autoimmune Disease Infections and Women
Autoimmune Disease Infections and Women

Inflammation 1
Inflammation 1

... Inflammation is a protective response involving host cells, blood vessels, proteins and other mediators intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, as well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult, and to initiate the process of repair. ...
Immune System Practice Questions 1. T lymphocytes mature in the
Immune System Practice Questions 1. T lymphocytes mature in the

... A) stimulate white blood cell formation B) trigger inflammation C) depress antibody production D) make the body more susceptible to cancer 40. ________ are antibodies of one specific type, all produced by plasma cells derived from the same B cell, and capable of identifying unique cells and infectio ...
The Role of Environmental Triggers in Autoimmunity
The Role of Environmental Triggers in Autoimmunity

... systems in the most remote regions of the world. It has come to the point that all humans are now exposed to synthetic pollutants in their food, drinking water and in the air, as well as in the ordinary things they use in everyday life. Thus, even individuals regarded as nominally healthy have some ...
Poster Here
Poster Here

... Gliadin$specifIc$T$cells$are$the$primary$cause$ TIMPs bind to monocytes Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) Control of Autoreactive Peripheral – divert to spleen take up & process TIMP T cells T cell of$ pathology$ in$ CD$ pa-ent1$ immune* Proprietary surface regulation modification: ζ = < 50 mV Disease ...
Chapter 18 The Immune System
Chapter 18 The Immune System

... The inflammatory responses An innate body defense in vertebrates caused by a release of histamine and other chemical alarm signals that trigger increased blood flow, a local increase in white blood cells, and fluid leakage from the blood. The resulting inflammatory response includes redness, heat, ...
Investigations of the Bacterial Pathogenesis of the
Investigations of the Bacterial Pathogenesis of the

... secreted by macrophages (increased in ...
Week 9: Today`s Program
Week 9: Today`s Program

... cell other than a leukocyte takes up and kills a microbe, presents antigen on surface (MHC class I)  Cytotoxic (activated) T cell binds to presented antigen, releases perforins, lyses infected cell PALOMAR COLLEGE ...
MICROBIO320 EXAM 1-Fall 2009 Name 1 True/False (1 point each
MICROBIO320 EXAM 1-Fall 2009 Name 1 True/False (1 point each

... __F__ 1. Mature B cells (lymphocytes) bind only to processed antigen. __F__ 2. The intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death relies on the death receptor called FAS. __F__ 3. Natural Killer cells proliferate in response to antigen. __F__ 4. In the 21st century, the leading cause of death in the Uni ...
BLADDER 1. Basal lamina 2. Cuboidal cell 3. Columnar cell 4. A
BLADDER 1. Basal lamina 2. Cuboidal cell 3. Columnar cell 4. A

... B. False 2. To aid in lubrication 3. False 4. A. Enterocyte B. Absorbing mostly water and salts ...
Virus Notes
Virus Notes

... Cancer fighting virus called VSV kills the most malignant form of brain cancer in mice. A virus called NV1020, is a type of herpes simplex virus modified so that it selectively replicates in virus cells, killing them in the process. A mixture of six bacteria-killing viruses, called bacteriophages, c ...
31.4 Immunity and Technology
31.4 Immunity and Technology

... • Antiseptics kill pathogens outside of the body. – do not target specific pathogens – examples include vinegar and soap • Antibiotics kill pathogens inside the body. – target one specific bacterium or fungus – not effective against viruses ...
341-541 - McDermott.doc
341-541 - McDermott.doc

... Avidity Cross-reactivity Precipitation and Agglutination Labeled Immunoassays Monoclonal Antibodies ...
File
File

... Each B lymphocyte clone produces a specific antibody molecule that will recognise a specific antigen surface molecule on a pathogen or toxin Antigen-antibody complexes may inactivate a pathogen or toxin or render it more susceptible to phagocytosis In other cases, antigen-antibody complex stimulated ...
Answers to WHAT DID YOU LEARN QUESTIONS
Answers to WHAT DID YOU LEARN QUESTIONS

... T-lymphocyte types include helper T-lymphocytes that initiate and oversee the immune response, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that kill by secreting substances into foreign or abnormal cells, memory T-lymphocytes that mount an even faster immune response at the next encounter with the antigen, and suppress ...
Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology
Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology

... Collection of antibodies (Ab’s) produced by many B cells specific for the same antigen (i.e., from many B cell “clones”) 1) immunize animal (usu. rabbit, goat, chicken) w/desired antigen (protein or whole pathogen) 2) collect blood serum from immunized animal (full of Ab’s that bind various epitopes ...
lecture 5 immunity - Faculty Web Pages
lecture 5 immunity - Faculty Web Pages

Antibody
Antibody

... thymus removal (thymectomy) to have on the ability of host immunity against infection? Ans: 1. Total lymphocytes are drastically reduced. T cell development was blocked. B cells are also reduced => require T helper cells for their proliferation. LN size is reduced. => Get infections easier. 2. DiGeo ...
Powerpoint Infectious Diseases
Powerpoint Infectious Diseases

... infected red cells to host microvascular endothelial cells ...
Immune Primer - Life Sciences Outreach Program
Immune Primer - Life Sciences Outreach Program

... B cells are activated to release antibodies when cells of the body are infected with a pathogen. Use the graph and information below to answer the following questions. Focus on blue line. Primary immune response: body’s first exposure to an antigen. Secondary immune response: same pathogen is reintr ...
Why aren`t they always effective?
Why aren`t they always effective?

...  Designed to desensitise people so they do not produce antibodies to allergens  Genetic tests may be used to screen children and then a vaccine could be given to prevent ...
IMMUNITY MEDIATED BY B LYMPHOCYTES AND ANTIBODIES
IMMUNITY MEDIATED BY B LYMPHOCYTES AND ANTIBODIES

... • Bone marrow – Second wave of antibody secretion ...
Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma are the smallest prokaryotes capable of
Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma are the smallest prokaryotes capable of

... - stain tissues with Giemsa or use a direct fluorescent antibody technique Human infections include: trachoma, conjunctivitis, various urogenital tract infections of males and females, infant pneumonia There are two morphological forms: elementary body and reticulate body or initial body (inside hos ...
< 1 ... 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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