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Biodefense: Detection to Protect the Nation - Bio-Rad
Biodefense: Detection to Protect the Nation - Bio-Rad

... Mushrooms, mold (aspergillus) ...
Microbiology
Microbiology

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... Median CD4+ Cell Counts during the Study Period, according to Study and Treatment Group N Engl J Med 2009;361:1548-59 ...
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03990.001.07.04 (16-5947-03FNL) CTLA4 Fact Sheet

Central Nervous System Control of the Immune System and T
Central Nervous System Control of the Immune System and T

... maturation and selection prior to being released into the circulation of the immune system. This process allows T cells to develop self-tolerance (distinguishing self from non-self). While developing in the thymus gland, any T cell that reacts to the thymus's major histocompatibility complex (MHC) i ...
Reading Guide for Week 11_new
Reading Guide for Week 11_new

... 32. How can inflammation cause damage? Read about Neisseria gonorrhoeae (p 622). N. gonorrhoeae is now frequently antibiotic resistant! Describe the causative agent and its pathogenesis. 33. How can the adaptive immune system cause damage? Read about S. pyogenes (p.487). Describe the causative agent ...
The role of B lymphocytes in the progression of autoimmunity to
The role of B lymphocytes in the progression of autoimmunity to

... cells because they can bind native self proteins through their BCR, process them and present them to T lymphocytes (Figure 1B). In murine EAE, B lymphocytes are dispensable when disease is induced by MOG peptides but absolutely required for disease to develop if mice are immunized with MOG protein ( ...
millhouse integrative medical centre newsletter february march 2012
millhouse integrative medical centre newsletter february march 2012

... reason for this is that your white blood cells produce chemical messengers called cytokines, and more specifically Interleukin 10 (IL-10). IL-10 lowers levels of a cell surface molecule called ‘major histocompatibility complex’ which mediates the interactions of white blood cells. 2 So in basic term ...
The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce
The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce

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Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions

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B Cells and Antibodies
B Cells and Antibodies

... Principles of Humoral Immunity • Antibodies are produced only by B lymphocytes. • Humoral immune responses are initiated by binding of antigen to membrane bound antibody on B cells. • Antibody responses are specialized and fine tuned by signals from helper T cells. • Activated B cells secrete solubl ...
General Pathology: Acute Inflammation
General Pathology: Acute Inflammation

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Nr - MWM-Vermittlung
Nr - MWM-Vermittlung

... ethical issues and political debates are less important than for embryonic stem (ES) cells, iPS cells have the advantage that they are tailored to the particular patient and therefore – unlike ES cells – cannot be rejected by the immune system," Professor Jaenisch said. This could lead to a ‘revolut ...
Immune System Overvi..
Immune System Overvi..

... - constant regions - variable regions b. Variable regions bind ligands - each cell produces identical antibodies with identical specificities - > 1,000,000,000,000 different specificities (more than # of lymphocytes) - specificity in the amino acid sequence/conformation of variable ends c. two mecha ...
xCh7 immunity
xCh7 immunity

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Defense Mechanisms Immunology

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Model systems for studying virus entry: roles of lipid rafts in

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... Many infectious diseases, especially bacteria and viruses, can be very serious or even fatal. Even diseases that we may not think of as particularly harmful – such as measles or whooping cough – can be fatal in vulnerable people. Fortunately, the incidence of many of these diseases has significantly ...
BioLegend Enters License Agreement with Sanquin for Peptide
BioLegend Enters License Agreement with Sanquin for Peptide

... Reagents Division and The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), both in Amsterdam, have developed an MHC-multimer technology that allows the user to conveniently prepare their own customized tetramer reagents in their laboratories, as needed. This powerful technology is now available commercially from ...
CHAPTER 18
CHAPTER 18

... Although the immune system is most noted for its beneficial effects, unfortunately it also makes us painfully aware of its detrimental effects. Immunologic disorders such as hypersensitivities, autoimmunities, and immunodeficiencies have become important problems that require considerable amounts of ...
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SANUKEHL preparations for the excretion of cell wall deficient

2004 Annual Workshop Executive Summary
2004 Annual Workshop Executive Summary

... Immunology, San Diego, CA, the prime contractor for the IEDB, discussed the logical design of the database and how epitope data will be represented. The database will contain intrinsic epitope features - the molecular structure of the epitope, binding affinity for different MHC receptors or antibody ...
Ankylosing Spondylitis or Marie-Strumpell Disease
Ankylosing Spondylitis or Marie-Strumpell Disease

... A nkylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disorder of unknown origin, which primarily affects the spine but can also affect other joints. This disease usually starts in the second or third decade of life and involves men three times more frequently than women. It has also been called Marie-Strumpel ...
01 Reticuloendothelial S and Spleen lecture 1433
01 Reticuloendothelial S and Spleen lecture 1433

... integrity and has immune function. It holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock. It is one of the centers of activity of the RES and its absence leads to a predisposition toward certain infections Despite its importance, there are no tests specific to splenic function ...
Adjuvantsin Veterinary Vaccines:Modes of Action to
Adjuvantsin Veterinary Vaccines:Modes of Action to

< 1 ... 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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