Powerpoint
... MnSOD is necessary for aerobic life: • MnSOD knock-out mice die within 1-18 days after birth, depending on their genetic background . (Li, Nat. Genet. 11:376, 1995) ...
... MnSOD is necessary for aerobic life: • MnSOD knock-out mice die within 1-18 days after birth, depending on their genetic background . (Li, Nat. Genet. 11:376, 1995) ...
Lactate - University of Iowa Health Care
... Lactate is produced during short bursts of extreme muscular activity or hypoxia. Oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also generated during physical exercise [1, 2]. These two pieces of evidence pose the following question: what is the connection between lactate and R ...
... Lactate is produced during short bursts of extreme muscular activity or hypoxia. Oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also generated during physical exercise [1, 2]. These two pieces of evidence pose the following question: what is the connection between lactate and R ...
Emerging role of Nrf2 - Discovery
... redox homeostasis. Thus, compared to WT, the total mitochondrial NADH pool is significantly increased in Keap1-KO and dramatically decreased in Nrf2-KO cells [35]. Using live cell imaging, we recently monitored the rates of ROS production in primary glioneuronal cocultures and brain tissue slices iso ...
... redox homeostasis. Thus, compared to WT, the total mitochondrial NADH pool is significantly increased in Keap1-KO and dramatically decreased in Nrf2-KO cells [35]. Using live cell imaging, we recently monitored the rates of ROS production in primary glioneuronal cocultures and brain tissue slices iso ...
Emerging therapeutic roles for NAD+ metabolism in mitochondrial
... Srivastava Clin Trans Med (2016) 5:25 ...
... Srivastava Clin Trans Med (2016) 5:25 ...
Full-Text PDF
... metabolic or signaling functions can be directly or indirectly linked to a growing number of diseases, ranging from rare genetic disorders (e.g., Zellweger syndrome, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and acatalasemia) [8] to more common age-related disorders such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, ...
... metabolic or signaling functions can be directly or indirectly linked to a growing number of diseases, ranging from rare genetic disorders (e.g., Zellweger syndrome, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and acatalasemia) [8] to more common age-related disorders such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, ...
Agnieszka Kozieł Aerobic metabolism of human endothelial cells
... concentrations were significantly more resistant to hydrogen peroxide. In these cells, the increased activity of UCP2 led to improved stress resistance and protection against acute oxidative stress. These results indicate that endothelial UCP2 may function as a sensor and negative regulator of mROS ...
... concentrations were significantly more resistant to hydrogen peroxide. In these cells, the increased activity of UCP2 led to improved stress resistance and protection against acute oxidative stress. These results indicate that endothelial UCP2 may function as a sensor and negative regulator of mROS ...
Mitochondria as a Pharmacological Target
... and cardiac and skeletal muscles, contain the largest number of mitochondria and are most susceptible to drugs acting on mitochondria and to mitochondrial pathologies. In major mammalian tissues, 80 to 90% of ATP is generated by mitochondria in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochond ...
... and cardiac and skeletal muscles, contain the largest number of mitochondria and are most susceptible to drugs acting on mitochondria and to mitochondrial pathologies. In major mammalian tissues, 80 to 90% of ATP is generated by mitochondria in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochond ...
A Mitochondrial Paradigm of Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases
... modern medicine. Since the mitochondria use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to convert dietary calories into usable energy, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a toxic by-product, I hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in a wide range of age-related disorders an ...
... modern medicine. Since the mitochondria use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to convert dietary calories into usable energy, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a toxic by-product, I hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in a wide range of age-related disorders an ...
1 oxidative capacity distribution in skeletal muscle fibers of the rat
... that the oxidative capacity of the mitochondria is different in different regions of the muscle fiber. In heart muscle, Palmer et al. (1977, 1985) and McMillin-Wood et al. (1980) have described two populations of mitochondria with different oxidative characteristics. One of them, released by using t ...
... that the oxidative capacity of the mitochondria is different in different regions of the muscle fiber. In heart muscle, Palmer et al. (1977, 1985) and McMillin-Wood et al. (1980) have described two populations of mitochondria with different oxidative characteristics. One of them, released by using t ...
Review: can diet influence the selective advantage of mitochondrial
... and decrease susceptibility for disease. Although the exact response depends, in part, on the specific mitochondrial perturbation, in general, the transcriptional response results in a reconfiguration of metabolism, allowing for the production of essential intermediates such as glutamate and increas ...
... and decrease susceptibility for disease. Although the exact response depends, in part, on the specific mitochondrial perturbation, in general, the transcriptional response results in a reconfiguration of metabolism, allowing for the production of essential intermediates such as glutamate and increas ...
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB)
... provoke cardiac arrhythmias. But cotreatment with the carotenoid astaxanthin normalized the level of both calcium and potassium. This is a positive indication for astaxanthin as a cardioprotective through ionic concentration maintenance. The result showed during arsenic administration reduced the am ...
... provoke cardiac arrhythmias. But cotreatment with the carotenoid astaxanthin normalized the level of both calcium and potassium. This is a positive indication for astaxanthin as a cardioprotective through ionic concentration maintenance. The result showed during arsenic administration reduced the am ...
Mechanisms underlying the essential role of mitochondrial
... Another aspect of lipid metabolism and transport known to define longevity of chronologically aging yeast is the abundance of triacylglycerols (TAGs) [67–70]. These so-called neutral lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then deposited in lipid droplets (LDs) [71–73]. The age-r ...
... Another aspect of lipid metabolism and transport known to define longevity of chronologically aging yeast is the abundance of triacylglycerols (TAGs) [67–70]. These so-called neutral lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then deposited in lipid droplets (LDs) [71–73]. The age-r ...
Adjeitey_Cyril _Nii-Klu_2013_ thesis
... myriad of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors coalesce to affect adiposity (85, 213). However, at a fundamental level obesity can be described as an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure (Figure 1.1) (100). Specifically, in terms of energy imbalance obese persons have a ...
... myriad of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors coalesce to affect adiposity (85, 213). However, at a fundamental level obesity can be described as an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure (Figure 1.1) (100). Specifically, in terms of energy imbalance obese persons have a ...
Rapamycin increases mitochondrial efficiency by mtDNA
... plus malonate (a competitive inhibitor of complex II activity). The reciprocal experiment ...
... plus malonate (a competitive inhibitor of complex II activity). The reciprocal experiment ...
Pulsing of Membrane Potential in Individual
... centrifugation onto a cover slip. We therefore tested whether membrane potential pulsing could be observed in isolated mitochondria. Freshly isolated, well-coupled Arabidopsis mitochondria were provided with succinate as respiratory substrate and 100 nM TMRM and imaged by CLSM. Under these condition ...
... centrifugation onto a cover slip. We therefore tested whether membrane potential pulsing could be observed in isolated mitochondria. Freshly isolated, well-coupled Arabidopsis mitochondria were provided with succinate as respiratory substrate and 100 nM TMRM and imaged by CLSM. Under these condition ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University
... shape and position and contain the complete metabolic machinery for the oxidative conversion of pyruvate, fatty acids, and amino acids into ATP. Mitochondria are crucially involved in cellular Ca2+ and redox homeostasis and apoptosis induction. Maintenance of mitochondrial function and integrity req ...
... shape and position and contain the complete metabolic machinery for the oxidative conversion of pyruvate, fatty acids, and amino acids into ATP. Mitochondria are crucially involved in cellular Ca2+ and redox homeostasis and apoptosis induction. Maintenance of mitochondrial function and integrity req ...
Glutathione Breakthrough: Advancement in
... GSH plays an important role in antioxidant defense, nutrient metabolism and is key in a vast number of cellular processes including gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, signal transduction, cytokine production, immune response, and protein glutathionylation. ...
... GSH plays an important role in antioxidant defense, nutrient metabolism and is key in a vast number of cellular processes including gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, signal transduction, cytokine production, immune response, and protein glutathionylation. ...
Mitochondrial Metabolism in Aging Heart
... Fatty acids are oxidized mainly within mitochondria. β-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the matrix after activation and transport of fatty acids into the matrix via contact sites.3 β-oxidation also produces NADH and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2). FAO is decreased in the aging heart.9 ...
... Fatty acids are oxidized mainly within mitochondria. β-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the matrix after activation and transport of fatty acids into the matrix via contact sites.3 β-oxidation also produces NADH and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2). FAO is decreased in the aging heart.9 ...
Degradation of Organelles or Specific Organelle Components via
... amount of the C and N leaf pool, it might prove energetically advantageous for plant cells to degrade and reuse not only specific plastid components, but also entire plastids. Indeed, the delivery of un-developed plastids as well as senescing plastids in individually darkened leaves (IDLs) to the va ...
... amount of the C and N leaf pool, it might prove energetically advantageous for plant cells to degrade and reuse not only specific plastid components, but also entire plastids. Indeed, the delivery of un-developed plastids as well as senescing plastids in individually darkened leaves (IDLs) to the va ...
Melatonin, mitochondria, and Ca2+ homeostasis in the exocrine
... sustained decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in reduced cellular ATP and increased cell death (Shalbueva et al., 2013). Finally, in addition to energy supply, mitochondria oxidative stress induced posttranslational histone modifications, promoter DNA methylation, and impairment ...
... sustained decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in reduced cellular ATP and increased cell death (Shalbueva et al., 2013). Finally, in addition to energy supply, mitochondria oxidative stress induced posttranslational histone modifications, promoter DNA methylation, and impairment ...
mitochondrial biogenesis during
... results exclude the possibility that the rise in the respiratory rate is mainly due to an increase in the level of the respiratory substrates (at least until the nauplius stage) . The amount of protein was roughly equal whether we started from cysts hydrated at 0 ° C or incubated for 6 h at 30 ° C . ...
... results exclude the possibility that the rise in the respiratory rate is mainly due to an increase in the level of the respiratory substrates (at least until the nauplius stage) . The amount of protein was roughly equal whether we started from cysts hydrated at 0 ° C or incubated for 6 h at 30 ° C . ...
Role of Krebs Cycle in the Mechanism of Stability Internal Medium
... offered method prevention supplementary metastasis in processes of up-to-date chemotherapy and was described practical application of this method treatment on the cancer disease patient. ...
... offered method prevention supplementary metastasis in processes of up-to-date chemotherapy and was described practical application of this method treatment on the cancer disease patient. ...
ENERGY-PRODUCING ABILITY OF BACTERIA
... that drives the synthesis of ATP (Figure 3) (Lanyi et al 2012; Skulachev et al 2013). Photophosphorylation is mediated by a variety of factors. These most commonly take the form of internal inhibitors that are activated when energy needs are met in the organism. The ratio of NADP+/NADPH is a critica ...
... that drives the synthesis of ATP (Figure 3) (Lanyi et al 2012; Skulachev et al 2013). Photophosphorylation is mediated by a variety of factors. These most commonly take the form of internal inhibitors that are activated when energy needs are met in the organism. The ratio of NADP+/NADPH is a critica ...
Oxidation of Fatty Acids Is the Source of Increased
... tubules, respectively), suggesting that there has been no change in mitochondrial content in kidney tubules. Substrate processing rather than the mitochondrial ETC is changed in kidney tubules in diabetes. Diabetic tubule kidney mitochondria oxidizing glutamate have higher state 3 respiratory rates ...
... tubules, respectively), suggesting that there has been no change in mitochondrial content in kidney tubules. Substrate processing rather than the mitochondrial ETC is changed in kidney tubules in diabetes. Diabetic tubule kidney mitochondria oxidizing glutamate have higher state 3 respiratory rates ...
The impact of sperm metabolism during in vitro storage: the stallion
... fertilise the oocyte, is a highly energy dependant process involving numerous modifications to motility patterns and plasma membrane structure [7]. There are two main metabolic pathways of energy production by spermatozoa; glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The enzymes associated wit ...
... fertilise the oocyte, is a highly energy dependant process involving numerous modifications to motility patterns and plasma membrane structure [7]. There are two main metabolic pathways of energy production by spermatozoa; glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The enzymes associated wit ...
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen. Examples include peroxides. superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen.ROS are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, during times of environmental stress (e.g., UV or heat exposure), ROS levels can increase dramatically. This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Cumulatively, this is known as oxidative stress. ROS are also generated by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation.