policy Autumn 05.indd - The Centre for Independent Studies
... entirely by Europeans. We did have de Gaulle, after all. So while American power was more accepted during the Cold War than it is today, the legitimacy we enjoyed then was not because we were consentoriented in our foreign policy (because we were not), but because those who granted us legitimacy dep ...
... entirely by Europeans. We did have de Gaulle, after all. So while American power was more accepted during the Cold War than it is today, the legitimacy we enjoyed then was not because we were consentoriented in our foreign policy (because we were not), but because those who granted us legitimacy dep ...
Indo-Europeanization – day one
... Introduction: Power relations as an arbiter of Indo-Europeanization Language politics, or the instrumentalization of language by those with political power, has a long history. The lives of human beings and their activities inevitably unfold within a web of power relations, and their means of commu ...
... Introduction: Power relations as an arbiter of Indo-Europeanization Language politics, or the instrumentalization of language by those with political power, has a long history. The lives of human beings and their activities inevitably unfold within a web of power relations, and their means of commu ...
How to prevent rising of populism and polarization
... policy. Indeed ‘cultural diplomacy’ is increasingly an important element of what Joseph Nye has called “soft power”. Yet, successful inter-cultural dialogue does not take place in a vacuum. It is conditioned by other salient factors in both national and international environments—particularly prevai ...
... policy. Indeed ‘cultural diplomacy’ is increasingly an important element of what Joseph Nye has called “soft power”. Yet, successful inter-cultural dialogue does not take place in a vacuum. It is conditioned by other salient factors in both national and international environments—particularly prevai ...
Grand Strategy for a Divided America
... ideological overlap between the two parties is thus minimal, and the areas of concord are superficial at best. Most Republicans and Democrats still believe that the United States has global responsibilities, but there is little agreement on how to match means and ends. And on the central question o ...
... ideological overlap between the two parties is thus minimal, and the areas of concord are superficial at best. Most Republicans and Democrats still believe that the United States has global responsibilities, but there is little agreement on how to match means and ends. And on the central question o ...
SYSTEM OF BALANCE OF POWER
... with a pair of scale. If the weight in both the scale is equal, there is balance and it is not equal, then there is no balance. The same analogy can be applied to international relations. The two states or two alliance of states are in balance if they are equally powerful. But in case a state or an ...
... with a pair of scale. If the weight in both the scale is equal, there is balance and it is not equal, then there is no balance. The same analogy can be applied to international relations. The two states or two alliance of states are in balance if they are equally powerful. But in case a state or an ...
Is-the-Transatlantic-Century-Over
... who arrive on European territories from the Middle East and African countries fuel discontent and xenophobia amongst citizens of member states. What is Europe’s role in this transforming world? In the framework of Nye’s argument, the European Union is in many respects an equal to the US but its futu ...
... who arrive on European territories from the Middle East and African countries fuel discontent and xenophobia amongst citizens of member states. What is Europe’s role in this transforming world? In the framework of Nye’s argument, the European Union is in many respects an equal to the US but its futu ...
Power-and-Weakness_Robert-Kagan
... For Europeans, America’s approach to the Cold War was too confrontational, too militaristic, and too dangerous. Europeans believed they knew better how to deal with the Soviets: through engagement and seduction, through commercial and political ties, through patience and forbearance. The end of ...
... For Europeans, America’s approach to the Cold War was too confrontational, too militaristic, and too dangerous. Europeans believed they knew better how to deal with the Soviets: through engagement and seduction, through commercial and political ties, through patience and forbearance. The end of ...
Politics and Power
... Information as a power resource “Knowledge is power” – Francis Bacon From the printing press to the Internet The Information Revolution The Information Age The new role of information in our lives – in our economy, social relations, politics – as a result of rapid development of ICT (info ...
... Information as a power resource “Knowledge is power” – Francis Bacon From the printing press to the Internet The Information Revolution The Information Age The new role of information in our lives – in our economy, social relations, politics – as a result of rapid development of ICT (info ...
Document
... Politics can be defined as activities in which individuals or groups engage so as to acquire and use power to advance their own interests In essence, politics is power in action Although political behavior can be disruptive, it is not necessarily bad Politics can enhance organizational well- ...
... Politics can be defined as activities in which individuals or groups engage so as to acquire and use power to advance their own interests In essence, politics is power in action Although political behavior can be disruptive, it is not necessarily bad Politics can enhance organizational well- ...
resumé-du-cours_realisme
... worst. War has to be a mix between force and intellect, but force has to be stronger than intellect. Force can empirically lead the intellect and is limited only by factors inherent to war empirical factors. War is cruel and sharp, but for Clausewitz, civilized nations are less cruel, even if modera ...
... worst. War has to be a mix between force and intellect, but force has to be stronger than intellect. Force can empirically lead the intellect and is limited only by factors inherent to war empirical factors. War is cruel and sharp, but for Clausewitz, civilized nations are less cruel, even if modera ...
File - AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
... containment of communism, the domino theory was used by successive United States administrations during the Cold War to justify American intervention around the world. Vietnam to contain Communism in Asia ...
... containment of communism, the domino theory was used by successive United States administrations during the Cold War to justify American intervention around the world. Vietnam to contain Communism in Asia ...
WWI Interpreted
... such as the claim that the European powers chose to go to war with each other in order to quell unrest among their own populations, which at that time is becoming more and more politically fragmented. As Alexander Wendt states in his article “Anarchy is what States Make of It”, “All theories of int ...
... such as the claim that the European powers chose to go to war with each other in order to quell unrest among their own populations, which at that time is becoming more and more politically fragmented. As Alexander Wendt states in his article “Anarchy is what States Make of It”, “All theories of int ...
Inverted Totalitarianism
... Germany, before the Nazis took power, the "streets" were dominated by totalitarian-oriented gangs of toughs, and whatever there was of democracy was confined to the government. In the United States, however, it is the streets where democracy is most alive--while the real danger lies with an increasi ...
... Germany, before the Nazis took power, the "streets" were dominated by totalitarian-oriented gangs of toughs, and whatever there was of democracy was confined to the government. In the United States, however, it is the streets where democracy is most alive--while the real danger lies with an increasi ...
Ch.1&2
... the role of political leaders, for those individuals that have the most influence on history. State or Group Level of Analysis focuses on the behaviours of the individual states, which is often attributed to the form of government one finds at a particular time. Systemic Level of Analysis, the actio ...
... the role of political leaders, for those individuals that have the most influence on history. State or Group Level of Analysis focuses on the behaviours of the individual states, which is often attributed to the form of government one finds at a particular time. Systemic Level of Analysis, the actio ...
Distribution of Power in Governments (HA)
... a country follow the same laws and policies. However, most unitary nations have discovered that too much centralization is not good in practice. Policies that fit one region of the country may not work as well in another. Also, officials working at the national level cannot know the needs of every t ...
... a country follow the same laws and policies. However, most unitary nations have discovered that too much centralization is not good in practice. Policies that fit one region of the country may not work as well in another. Also, officials working at the national level cannot know the needs of every t ...
The Theory of Realism
... • Value Relative gains over Absolute gains. – Absolute gains = both sides in a relationship gain something. – Relative gains = both sides gain something but one actor gains more. ...
... • Value Relative gains over Absolute gains. – Absolute gains = both sides in a relationship gain something. – Relative gains = both sides gain something but one actor gains more. ...
The Role of Soft Power in EU Common Foreign Policy
... of the EU countries are increasingly oriented towards crisis-management operations and not towards traditional territorial defence. There is, however, one odd man out and it is my country Finland, where conscription and territorial defence are still the basis of our defence, even if this has not pre ...
... of the EU countries are increasingly oriented towards crisis-management operations and not towards traditional territorial defence. There is, however, one odd man out and it is my country Finland, where conscription and territorial defence are still the basis of our defence, even if this has not pre ...
2 - crossroads
... always have a federal system. The first American constitution, the Articles of Confederation, created a confederal system of government. In such a system, power resides in the regions, which are independent states. The regions grant only as much power to the national government as needed to maintain ...
... always have a federal system. The first American constitution, the Articles of Confederation, created a confederal system of government. In such a system, power resides in the regions, which are independent states. The regions grant only as much power to the national government as needed to maintain ...
N380_The_Myth_of_Multipolarity
... One source of the rush to attribute power where little exists is due to the tendency to conflate big economies with big power. It is true, of course, that a country the size of China surely can field a much larger military force or apply more economic pressure than, say, East Timor or Luxembourg. Ho ...
... One source of the rush to attribute power where little exists is due to the tendency to conflate big economies with big power. It is true, of course, that a country the size of China surely can field a much larger military force or apply more economic pressure than, say, East Timor or Luxembourg. Ho ...
Chapter 8 Power, Politics, and Government
... attempt to influence, the state’s leaders and officials. The role of the state is to mediate among the interest groups, achieve a public consensus, and pass laws that reflect that consensus, thereby maintaining social order (Rose, 1967; ...
... attempt to influence, the state’s leaders and officials. The role of the state is to mediate among the interest groups, achieve a public consensus, and pass laws that reflect that consensus, thereby maintaining social order (Rose, 1967; ...
American foreign policy (UMSL) international relations (HW)
... Foundations of International Foreign Policy ...
... Foundations of International Foreign Policy ...
Slide 1
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The Realist Paradigm- Hans Morgenthau
... rational theory that reflects these laws Politics is an autonomous sphere, independent of economics and personal morality International politics is about national interests though these interests reflect the political and cultural context within which foreign policy is formulated The political ethic ...
... rational theory that reflects these laws Politics is an autonomous sphere, independent of economics and personal morality International politics is about national interests though these interests reflect the political and cultural context within which foreign policy is formulated The political ethic ...
Smart power
In international relations, the term smart power refers to the combination of hard power and soft power strategies. It is defined by the Center for Strategic and International Studies as ""an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions of all levels to expand American influence and establish legitimacy of American action.""Joseph Nye, former Assistant Secretary of Defense under the Clinton Administration and author of several books on smart power strategy, suggests that the most effective strategies in foreign policy today require a mix of hard and soft power resources. Employing only hard power or only soft power in a given situation will usually prove inadequate. Nye utilizes the example of terrorism, arguing that combatting terrorism demands smart power strategy. He advises that simply utilizing soft power resources to change the hearts and minds of the Taliban government would be ineffective and requires a hard power component. In developing relationships with the mainstream Muslim world, however, soft power resources are necessary and the use of hard power would have damaging effects.According to Chester A. Crocker, smart power ""involves the strategic use of diplomacy, persuasion, capacity building, and the projection of power and influence in ways that are cost-effective and have political and social legitimacy"" – essentially the engagement of both military force and all forms of diplomacy.