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... bonding interactions, whereas in the trans conformation these interactions are not favored, as can be seen from Figure 1.1,2 At ...
... bonding interactions, whereas in the trans conformation these interactions are not favored, as can be seen from Figure 1.1,2 At ...
Precision Spectroscopy of Atomic Lithium
... of two microwave frequencies (Chapter 3). A frequency comb is a light source that has a frequency spectrum consisting of a series of discrete lines with a regular spacing. This spacing is defined as the repetition rate of the optical frequency comb and it is dependent on the cavity length of the osc ...
... of two microwave frequencies (Chapter 3). A frequency comb is a light source that has a frequency spectrum consisting of a series of discrete lines with a regular spacing. This spacing is defined as the repetition rate of the optical frequency comb and it is dependent on the cavity length of the osc ...
Chaotic ionization of a highly excited hydrogen atom
... in studying how classically chaotic dynamics is manifested in their quantum-mechanical counterparts. This is because Rydberg atoms provide a real non-separable physical system with just a few degrees of freedom whose classical counterpart exhibits chaos in external magnetic and combinations of magne ...
... in studying how classically chaotic dynamics is manifested in their quantum-mechanical counterparts. This is because Rydberg atoms provide a real non-separable physical system with just a few degrees of freedom whose classical counterpart exhibits chaos in external magnetic and combinations of magne ...
The Chemistry of Aqueous Systems
... P1 V1 P2 V2 (4.42 atm) (1 L) V1 X 4.42 L of air 1atm Solution: First, set up Boyle's Law equation: P1 equals 1 atm; V1 equals "X", P2 equals 65 psi and V2 equals 1 L. Remember, though, that you may not mix units. To bypass this fiasco, convert the 65 psi into atm (4.42 atm). Rearrange the eq ...
... P1 V1 P2 V2 (4.42 atm) (1 L) V1 X 4.42 L of air 1atm Solution: First, set up Boyle's Law equation: P1 equals 1 atm; V1 equals "X", P2 equals 65 psi and V2 equals 1 L. Remember, though, that you may not mix units. To bypass this fiasco, convert the 65 psi into atm (4.42 atm). Rearrange the eq ...
Theoretical studies on As and Sb sulfide molecules
... core electrons so that only the 5s25p3 electrons are explicitly treated, with the 5s and 5p shells each described by two contracted Gaussian functions. Although these basis functions are quite new they have already been successfully used to study a number of different problems, including Zn complexe ...
... core electrons so that only the 5s25p3 electrons are explicitly treated, with the 5s and 5p shells each described by two contracted Gaussian functions. Although these basis functions are quite new they have already been successfully used to study a number of different problems, including Zn complexe ...
Spin-valley lifetimes in a silicon quantum dot with tunable valley
... j2i ¼ jv ; "i, j3i ¼ jv þ ; #i, j4i ¼ jv þ ; "i. These states are considered to be only very weakly affected by higher excitations, such as orbital levels that are at least 8 meV above the ground state in our device41. In Supplementary Note 3 we detail how mixing to a 2p-like orbital state leads t ...
... j2i ¼ jv ; "i, j3i ¼ jv þ ; #i, j4i ¼ jv þ ; "i. These states are considered to be only very weakly affected by higher excitations, such as orbital levels that are at least 8 meV above the ground state in our device41. In Supplementary Note 3 we detail how mixing to a 2p-like orbital state leads t ...
Quantum Monte Carlo study of the Ne atom and the Ne+ ion
... Optimizing the orbitals reduces the VMC energy, but does not have a significant effect on the DMC energy, except in the case of the pseudopotential calculation with backflow correlations, where optimizing the orbitals actually increases the DMC energy, presumably because the very large number of var ...
... Optimizing the orbitals reduces the VMC energy, but does not have a significant effect on the DMC energy, except in the case of the pseudopotential calculation with backflow correlations, where optimizing the orbitals actually increases the DMC energy, presumably because the very large number of var ...
Temporal interferences driven by a single-cycle terahertz pulse in the... dynamics of negative ions
... is similar, and the theoretical methods developed here can be extended by including the long-range Coulomb potential. As illustrated in Fig. 1 for a weak single-cycle pulse, there are two trajectories contributing to each time tf when the electron arrives at the detector. One is generated earlier in ...
... is similar, and the theoretical methods developed here can be extended by including the long-range Coulomb potential. As illustrated in Fig. 1 for a weak single-cycle pulse, there are two trajectories contributing to each time tf when the electron arrives at the detector. One is generated earlier in ...
Spintronics and Quantum Dots for Quantum Computing and
... quantum dots have been measured [29], with at most one spin per dot. The relatively small T2∗ decoherence times (a few ns at vanishing magnetic field), which have been seen in these experiments, probably originate from a large inhomogeneous broadening due to a strong variation of g-factors [29]. Nev ...
... quantum dots have been measured [29], with at most one spin per dot. The relatively small T2∗ decoherence times (a few ns at vanishing magnetic field), which have been seen in these experiments, probably originate from a large inhomogeneous broadening due to a strong variation of g-factors [29]. Nev ...
Chemistry Tests Questions
... 5. A line spectrum provides evidence for the movement of ..................... between the ................... of an atom. 6. An orbital is a region of space about the nucleus of an atom in which there is greatest probability of finding a particular electron. Illustrate the shape of, (i) an s orbita ...
... 5. A line spectrum provides evidence for the movement of ..................... between the ................... of an atom. 6. An orbital is a region of space about the nucleus of an atom in which there is greatest probability of finding a particular electron. Illustrate the shape of, (i) an s orbita ...
Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations
... Analyze We are given a chemical formula, C12H22O11, and asked to calculate the percentage by mass of its component elements (C, H, and O). Plan We can use Equation 3.10, relying on a periodic table to obtain the atomic weight of each component element. The atomic weights are first used to determine ...
... Analyze We are given a chemical formula, C12H22O11, and asked to calculate the percentage by mass of its component elements (C, H, and O). Plan We can use Equation 3.10, relying on a periodic table to obtain the atomic weight of each component element. The atomic weights are first used to determine ...
Class 3 updated Sep 30 2011
... evaporant, which melts locally. The evaporant metal forms its own crucible and the contact with the hearth is too cool for chemical reaction. Results in fewer source contamination problems than in the case of resistive heating. Disadvantage: The process may cause x-ray damage or ion damage on the su ...
... evaporant, which melts locally. The evaporant metal forms its own crucible and the contact with the hearth is too cool for chemical reaction. Results in fewer source contamination problems than in the case of resistive heating. Disadvantage: The process may cause x-ray damage or ion damage on the su ...
Finding ordinary objects in some quantum worlds
... spacetime, and the fundamental relations among these objects don’t have gigantic numbers of argument places.3 The space of possibilities generated by the permutations of such relations among such objects isn’t big or varied enough to constitute the space of distinct possible wavefunctions over confi ...
... spacetime, and the fundamental relations among these objects don’t have gigantic numbers of argument places.3 The space of possibilities generated by the permutations of such relations among such objects isn’t big or varied enough to constitute the space of distinct possible wavefunctions over confi ...
Transport, Noise, and Conservation in the Electron Gas: Frederick Green
... is phenomenologically identified with their difference. This pseudodiffusive current “generates” eV if and only if one additionally assumes the validity of Einstein’s relation between diffusion and conductance. All carriers are at equilibrium; their role in transport is passive. There is no electron ...
... is phenomenologically identified with their difference. This pseudodiffusive current “generates” eV if and only if one additionally assumes the validity of Einstein’s relation between diffusion and conductance. All carriers are at equilibrium; their role in transport is passive. There is no electron ...
fluorescence of doubly excited states of helium in homogeneous
... The helium atom represents the simplest nontrivial quantum mechanical system that is easy to manipulate experimentally. As such it has been a subject of many practical and theoretical studies since the early days of quantum physics [1]. The availability of tunable synchrotron radiation sources was e ...
... The helium atom represents the simplest nontrivial quantum mechanical system that is easy to manipulate experimentally. As such it has been a subject of many practical and theoretical studies since the early days of quantum physics [1]. The availability of tunable synchrotron radiation sources was e ...
Reduced fidelity in topological quantum phase transitions
... Ginzburg-Landau symmetry-breaking paradigm—have instead borrowed concepts from quantum information theory, in particular those of entanglement entropy 关3兴 and fidelity 关4兴, none of which require the construction of an order parameter. Fidelity measures the similarity between two quantum states and, ...
... Ginzburg-Landau symmetry-breaking paradigm—have instead borrowed concepts from quantum information theory, in particular those of entanglement entropy 关3兴 and fidelity 关4兴, none of which require the construction of an order parameter. Fidelity measures the similarity between two quantum states and, ...
unit iv – stoichiometry 1
... the same proportion of elements by mass B) Law of Multiple Proportions – if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers * why is that? MOLES CO vs. CO2: both contain C ...
... the same proportion of elements by mass B) Law of Multiple Proportions – if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers * why is that? MOLES CO vs. CO2: both contain C ...
Two-Dimensional Schrodinger Scattering and Electron Transport in Graphene
... at least, two-dimensional graphite has been studied since the late 1940s and is widely used for describing properties of various carbon-based materials. An interesting property of Graphene is that the charge carriers are relativistic. Even though they are not actually travelling at relativistic spee ...
... at least, two-dimensional graphite has been studied since the late 1940s and is widely used for describing properties of various carbon-based materials. An interesting property of Graphene is that the charge carriers are relativistic. Even though they are not actually travelling at relativistic spee ...
Atomic theory
In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms.The word atom comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning ""uncuttable"". 19th century chemists began using the term in connection with the growing number of irreducible chemical elements. While seemingly apropos, around the turn of the 20th century, through various experiments with electromagnetism and radioactivity, physicists discovered that the so-called ""uncuttable atom"" was actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles (chiefly, electrons, protons and neutrons) which can exist separately from each other. In fact, in certain extreme environments, such as neutron stars, extreme temperature and pressure prevents atoms from existing at all. Since atoms were found to be divisible, physicists later invented the term ""elementary particles"" to describe the ""uncuttable"", though not indestructible, parts of an atom. The field of science which studies subatomic particles is particle physics, and it is in this field that physicists hope to discover the true fundamental nature of matter.