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photon particle - wave duality
photon particle - wave duality

... K2. Given the frequency or wavelength of a photon, write down expressions for the photon’s energy and momentum. K3. State the value of Planck’s constant. K4. Write down Einstein’s equation for the photoelectric effect, explaining all symbols in the equation and giving the physical significance of ea ...
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Electron correlation in three-body Coulomb states of barium
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... like the one shown in the preceding illustration (corresponding to resonance of the two Kekulé structures), the -electrons form double donut-shaped clouds, one above and one below the plane of the ring. ...
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... Indium metal (49In, atomic number of 49) as found on the surface of the earth is 95.72 % mass 115 and 4.28% mass 113. (Using the nuclear masses of 114.9041 and 112.9043 instead of the number of nucleons, 115 and 113, the chemical weight of 114.82 can be calculated.) If the indium is placed where th ...
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Atomic theory



In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms.The word atom comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning ""uncuttable"". 19th century chemists began using the term in connection with the growing number of irreducible chemical elements. While seemingly apropos, around the turn of the 20th century, through various experiments with electromagnetism and radioactivity, physicists discovered that the so-called ""uncuttable atom"" was actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles (chiefly, electrons, protons and neutrons) which can exist separately from each other. In fact, in certain extreme environments, such as neutron stars, extreme temperature and pressure prevents atoms from existing at all. Since atoms were found to be divisible, physicists later invented the term ""elementary particles"" to describe the ""uncuttable"", though not indestructible, parts of an atom. The field of science which studies subatomic particles is particle physics, and it is in this field that physicists hope to discover the true fundamental nature of matter.
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