Ius Militare – Military Courts in the Roman Law (I)
... was divided between them per days. When commanding, the leader wore purple cloak (lacerna) which was fastened on the shoulder with a brooch, that divided him from the other lower commanders in the hierarchy. Maybe due to the fact that Roman commanders themselves were not such professionals, but civi ...
... was divided between them per days. When commanding, the leader wore purple cloak (lacerna) which was fastened on the shoulder with a brooch, that divided him from the other lower commanders in the hierarchy. Maybe due to the fact that Roman commanders themselves were not such professionals, but civi ...
Chapter 01 - 4J Blog Server
... power to a new leader. When an emperor died, ambitious rivals with independent armies often fought each other for the emperor's crown. Even when the transfer of power happened without fighting, there was no good system for choosing the next emperor. Often the Praetorian Guard, the emperor's private ...
... power to a new leader. When an emperor died, ambitious rivals with independent armies often fought each other for the emperor's crown. Even when the transfer of power happened without fighting, there was no good system for choosing the next emperor. Often the Praetorian Guard, the emperor's private ...
The Roman World the Rubicon -The Rubicon is a river that runs
... -He blamed Rome’s weak defenses on the lack of soldiers and therefore allowed the poor to enlist in the army and forced people to become professional soldiers. -This is important because: Marius was the first of the many who used the army to gain political power. This caused Roman armies to fight f ...
... -He blamed Rome’s weak defenses on the lack of soldiers and therefore allowed the poor to enlist in the army and forced people to become professional soldiers. -This is important because: Marius was the first of the many who used the army to gain political power. This caused Roman armies to fight f ...
The Romans - Luddenham School
... • A legion was made up of about 5,000 soldiers called legionaries. They were organised into smaller groups of about 100 soldiers called centuries. A century was led by an officer called a centurion. • Each legion carried a silver eagle standard which was the symbol of its power. If the standard was ...
... • A legion was made up of about 5,000 soldiers called legionaries. They were organised into smaller groups of about 100 soldiers called centuries. A century was led by an officer called a centurion. • Each legion carried a silver eagle standard which was the symbol of its power. If the standard was ...
indictment - Nutley Schools
... rule, Rome’s large borders constantly needed to be defended. The empire could not afford to send soldiers to all the places it needed to defend and kept raising taxes to pay for this constant expansion and defense. Rome had basically become “too big for its britches.” The empire became too large too ...
... rule, Rome’s large borders constantly needed to be defended. The empire could not afford to send soldiers to all the places it needed to defend and kept raising taxes to pay for this constant expansion and defense. Rome had basically become “too big for its britches.” The empire became too large too ...
Institutional Strength and Middleclass in Antiquity and Modern World
... Citizen’s acceptance is one of the basic elements for governance in any political system. In fact, all political systems need the collaboration of the governed, although those which are perceived as illegitimate will require a larger proportion of coercion from the State apparatus to function. Anyh ...
... Citizen’s acceptance is one of the basic elements for governance in any political system. In fact, all political systems need the collaboration of the governed, although those which are perceived as illegitimate will require a larger proportion of coercion from the State apparatus to function. Anyh ...
ROMAN MEDICINE AND THE LEGIONS: A RECONSIDERATION*
... were placed in valetudinaria along with the more severely wounded. The Romans clearly distinguished in the legions between the treatment of the 'sick' and the 'wounded'. Examples from the inscriptions and from archaeological excavation illustrate the approach. An inscription found in the vicinity of ...
... were placed in valetudinaria along with the more severely wounded. The Romans clearly distinguished in the legions between the treatment of the 'sick' and the 'wounded'. Examples from the inscriptions and from archaeological excavation illustrate the approach. An inscription found in the vicinity of ...
Punic Wars Rome vs. Carthage
... -Revenge for 1st Punic War -Hannibal (Carthaginian general) invades Spain and conquers Roman ally of Saguntum. ...
... -Revenge for 1st Punic War -Hannibal (Carthaginian general) invades Spain and conquers Roman ally of Saguntum. ...
Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
... Romans expanded their borders in the Eastern Mediterranean region as well. As Rome expanded, the social conditions within the republic began to deteriorate. Throughout the Italian Peninsula and the conquered territories, wealthy Romans began to seize lands. ...
... Romans expanded their borders in the Eastern Mediterranean region as well. As Rome expanded, the social conditions within the republic began to deteriorate. Throughout the Italian Peninsula and the conquered territories, wealthy Romans began to seize lands. ...
Crossing the Rhine: Germany during the Early Principate
... driven as much by military glory as by possible financial gain. Regions other than Germany were likely more desirable because they had not already been gained and lost, and also, as the three legions that perished in Germany were never replaced there was thus no force in place in that area. It seems ...
... driven as much by military glory as by possible financial gain. Regions other than Germany were likely more desirable because they had not already been gained and lost, and also, as the three legions that perished in Germany were never replaced there was thus no force in place in that area. It seems ...
Historical Investigation: Assess why the Roman army was so
... force to be reckoned with. This essay focuses on the land army deployed by the Empire postMarian Reforms (107 BC)1, which transformed their military into a professional fighting force. At the Roman Empire’s peak, it covered a massive area of Europe, approximately 5,900,000 square kilometres2, with t ...
... force to be reckoned with. This essay focuses on the land army deployed by the Empire postMarian Reforms (107 BC)1, which transformed their military into a professional fighting force. At the Roman Empire’s peak, it covered a massive area of Europe, approximately 5,900,000 square kilometres2, with t ...
The Servile Wars - The Wargames Zone
... from 104 BC until 100 BC. The Consul Gaius Marius was recruiting for his eventually successful war against the Cimbri in Cisalpine Gaul. He requested support from King Nicomedes III of Bithynia near the Roman province of Asia. Additional troops from Rome's Italian Allies were not supplied due to the ...
... from 104 BC until 100 BC. The Consul Gaius Marius was recruiting for his eventually successful war against the Cimbri in Cisalpine Gaul. He requested support from King Nicomedes III of Bithynia near the Roman province of Asia. Additional troops from Rome's Italian Allies were not supplied due to the ...
Roman Republic
... (you know who you are). No laptops, no cell ‘phones. Your teacher is 800 years old AND a former World of Warcraft widow, and she hates these things. Please note that the graduate students have additional reading and meeting times. Ideally, I’d like to meet for one or two additional hours per week, ...
... (you know who you are). No laptops, no cell ‘phones. Your teacher is 800 years old AND a former World of Warcraft widow, and she hates these things. Please note that the graduate students have additional reading and meeting times. Ideally, I’d like to meet for one or two additional hours per week, ...
World History, Chapter 6, section 3
... army Led by General Publius Scipio, they attacked Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return to Carthage ...
... army Led by General Publius Scipio, they attacked Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return to Carthage ...
All_About...Romans
... There is little evidence of the Roman army in Surrey, but what there is comes from the Borough of Runnymede and surrounding areas. At Staines there is some evidence of military occupation. It is thought that the bridge which enabled the Silchester to London road to cross the Thames was built by the ...
... There is little evidence of the Roman army in Surrey, but what there is comes from the Borough of Runnymede and surrounding areas. At Staines there is some evidence of military occupation. It is thought that the bridge which enabled the Silchester to London road to cross the Thames was built by the ...
Roman York - the History of York
... young local man, Harry Martindale, was working in the cellar when he heard the sound of a trumpet. He turned to see a group of Roman soldiers walk out of the wall and continue past him. Later, he described how the soldiers’ legs were not visible below the knee. After being ridiculed Harry stopped te ...
... young local man, Harry Martindale, was working in the cellar when he heard the sound of a trumpet. He turned to see a group of Roman soldiers walk out of the wall and continue past him. Later, he described how the soldiers’ legs were not visible below the knee. After being ridiculed Harry stopped te ...
sample - Furniture Klasikan . com
... This famous and still conspicuous wall was built from public and private resources, with the Britons lending assistance. It is eight feet in breadth, and twelve in height; and, as can clearly be seen to this day, ran straight from east to west. Bede had obviously seen the Wall for himself. In fact s ...
... This famous and still conspicuous wall was built from public and private resources, with the Britons lending assistance. It is eight feet in breadth, and twelve in height; and, as can clearly be seen to this day, ran straight from east to west. Bede had obviously seen the Wall for himself. In fact s ...
many gifts 5 - mrjuarezclass
... Roman citizenship was granted to all who settled in the city. A census was held, and all citizens were classified according to their wealth: land, goods, livestock, and grain. For the first time, land was not the only measure of wealth. The census recognized the importance of skilled artisans, trade ...
... Roman citizenship was granted to all who settled in the city. A census was held, and all citizens were classified according to their wealth: land, goods, livestock, and grain. For the first time, land was not the only measure of wealth. The census recognized the importance of skilled artisans, trade ...
Questions
... ever exchanged. For example if I grow apples and my neighbor grows pears…instead of buying them off each other we would just trade for them! ...
... ever exchanged. For example if I grow apples and my neighbor grows pears…instead of buying them off each other we would just trade for them! ...
How revolutionary were the military reforms of Gaius Marius?
... left for Africa with only “a considerably greater contingent than had been authorised.”7 – the proletarii did not become fully integrated into the army until well after the shocking defeat at Arausio (105 BC). Much debate has centred on Marius’s personal motives for extending the levy. Sallust holds ...
... left for Africa with only “a considerably greater contingent than had been authorised.”7 – the proletarii did not become fully integrated into the army until well after the shocking defeat at Arausio (105 BC). Much debate has centred on Marius’s personal motives for extending the levy. Sallust holds ...
The Punic Wars: A “Clash Of Civilizations” In Antiquity
... their navy in terms of speed, as well as the lack of military sailors. 4. Conclusions The Punic wars were the third great “clash of civilizations” in the ancient world after the Trojan war and the Greco-Persian Wars. The Roman Occident eliminated from the Mediterranean Sea and the world that was kno ...
... their navy in terms of speed, as well as the lack of military sailors. 4. Conclusions The Punic wars were the third great “clash of civilizations” in the ancient world after the Trojan war and the Greco-Persian Wars. The Roman Occident eliminated from the Mediterranean Sea and the world that was kno ...
Dimitar Apasiev, LL.M.1 IMPERIUM MILITIAE
... the magistrate wait for a tribune to intervene, a common legal way for peaceful legal conditions; then the army leader was able to declare armistice (indutiae), peace agreements and alliances with other tribes and peoples (foedera); and in the newly conquered territories he could even pass laws with ...
... the magistrate wait for a tribune to intervene, a common legal way for peaceful legal conditions; then the army leader was able to declare armistice (indutiae), peace agreements and alliances with other tribes and peoples (foedera); and in the newly conquered territories he could even pass laws with ...
Late Roman Decadence and Beyond: Explaining Roman
... All these elements add up to the popular impression that the Romans were like us. The consequences within the context of historical explanation are evident: If this was true, it would be tremendously helpful for the historian. Based on a fundamental analogy between Roman antiquity and a modern socie ...
... All these elements add up to the popular impression that the Romans were like us. The consequences within the context of historical explanation are evident: If this was true, it would be tremendously helpful for the historian. Based on a fundamental analogy between Roman antiquity and a modern socie ...
Ch.2 Rome: Power, Authority and Sovereignty
... prescriptive right to political authority or leadership. When democracy obtained in Athens, they were on equal political footing with their fellow citizens, and at all times subject to challenge by them. From the very earliest times of the Roman Republic, on the other hand, there was a welldefined ...
... prescriptive right to political authority or leadership. When democracy obtained in Athens, they were on equal political footing with their fellow citizens, and at all times subject to challenge by them. From the very earliest times of the Roman Republic, on the other hand, there was a welldefined ...
Structural history of the Roman military
The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome's armed forces, ""the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history."" From its origins around 800 BC to its final dissolution in AD 476 with the demise of the Western Roman Empire, Rome's military organization underwent substantial structural change. At the highest level of structure, the forces were split into the Roman army and the Roman navy, although these two branches were less distinct than in many modern national defense forces. Within the top levels of both army and navy, structural changes occurred as a result of both positive military reform and organic structural evolution. These changes can be divided into four distinct phases.Phase I The army was derived from obligatory annual military service levied on the citizenry, as part of their duty to the state. During this period, the Roman army would wage seasonal campaigns against largely local adversaries.Phase II As the extent of the territories falling under Roman control expanded and the size of the forces increased, the soldiery gradually became salaried professionals. As a consequence, military service at the lower (non-salaried) levels became progressively longer-term. Roman military units of the period were largely homogeneous and highly regulated. The army consisted of units of citizen infantry known as legions (Latin: legiones) as well as non-legionary allied troops known as auxilia. The latter were most commonly called upon to provide light infantry, logistical, or cavalry support.Phase III At the height of the Roman Empire's power, forces were tasked with manning and securing the borders of the vast provinces which had been brought under Roman control. Serious strategic threats were less common in this period and emphasis was placed on preserving gained territory. The army underwent changes in response to these new needs and became more dependent on fixed garrisons than on march-camps and continuous field operations.Phase IV As Rome began to struggle to keep control over its sprawling territories, military service continued to be salaried and professional for Rome's regular troops. However, the trend of employing allied or mercenary elements was expanded to such an extent that these troops came to represent a substantial proportion of the armed forces. At the same time, the uniformity of structure found in Rome's earlier military disappeared. Soldiery of the era ranged from lightly armed mounted archers to heavy infantry, in regiments of varying size and quality. This was accompanied by a trend in the late empire of an increasing predominance of cavalry rather than infantry troops, as well as a requirement for more mobile operations.↑