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ARTICLE IN PRESS
ARTICLE IN PRESS

... culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches are typically applied. Culture-dependent approaches represent the only means of recovering microorganisms from the fermented substrate [50], although it is widely recognized that they do not allow analysis of true diversity and/or population dynam ...
Antibiotics involved in Clostridium difficile
Antibiotics involved in Clostridium difficile

Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Bacteriology

... pnodABCIJ, pnodFEL, pnodMN (10, 28, 31-33), and pnodO ...
Whole Genome Sequencing and foodborne pathogens: a UK
Whole Genome Sequencing and foodborne pathogens: a UK

... outbreaks of E. coli O157 PT2 both linked to the consumption of watercress Strains from Outbreak 1 cluster were not closely related to any other UK strain in the Public Health England WGS database suggesting a possible imported source Epidemiologically unrelated isolates on the same branch as the Ou ...
Developing expressed sequence tag libraries and
Developing expressed sequence tag libraries and

... International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes we ...
Concordance trees, concordance factors, and the exploration of
Concordance trees, concordance factors, and the exploration of

... noting that this procedure allows clades (partitions in the reticulation could apply even if the population tree was unrooted case) with CF’s below 50% to be included on fully divergent. How could we summarize the reticulate the tree, provided that they are not contradicted by any structure within s ...
Activation of Silent Genes by Transposons Tn5 and TnlO
Activation of Silent Genes by Transposons Tn5 and TnlO

Multifactorial Traits - U
Multifactorial Traits - U

... or even thousands of individuals. Using Mendel’s laws, geneticists can predict the probability that certain family members will inherit single gene conditions. Most more common traits and diseases, though, can seem to “run in families” with no apparent pattern, or they occur sporadically, with just ...
Genomic surveys and expression analysis of bZIP gene family in
Genomic surveys and expression analysis of bZIP gene family in

Finishing the Human Genome
Finishing the Human Genome

... http://www.fluidigm.com/access-array-system.html ...
Extensive tRNA gene changes in synthetic Brassica
Extensive tRNA gene changes in synthetic Brassica

... variants, homologous sequences were obtained through BlastN analysis against the A and C genomes of the BrBo.chr database, using the lowest E value and higher scores to select the most homologous sequence match. The two 100 bp sequences flanking each homologous sequence were also extracted to produ ...
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster

... The mathematical foundations of population genetics were established by R. A. Fisher, J. B. S. Haldane and S. Wright in the second and third decades of the XX century. They figured out the consequences of chance and selection in populations with Mendelian inheritance, and turned population genetics ...
The complete inventory of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae P
The complete inventory of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae P

... by the phylogenetic approach. On the basis of predicted topology features and of characteristic sequencing motifs, we propose that one of these families represents a new group, the P4-ATPases. 2. The Pl-ATPases The 2 S. cerevisiae ORFs Ydr270wp and Ybr295wp have the structural features which allow t ...
Direct Sequence Analysis of the 14q+ and 18q
Direct Sequence Analysis of the 14q+ and 18q

... member of the J, family. Most of the J, sequences had some single base differences when compared with their germline equivalents. This could be due to either polymorphic variation or somatic mutation, which is known to occur during D-J recombination. In contrast, the bcl-2 sequence showed no evidenc ...
Supplementary Discussion References
Supplementary Discussion References

... male and female samples in 100 % of cases. Using this microarray analysis, we found that each sample received from SMRI agreed with the gender determined by microarray. ANCOVA The logic of multiple ANCOVAs was to eliminate genes that were not significantly different between groups after adjustment ...
nar-02451-data-e-201
nar-02451-data-e-201

... DDMGD Database DDMGD database stores three types of information: the associations between methylated genes and diseases, users’ accounts, and normalization of names of genes, diseases and species. The first type of information includes the information on genes methylated in diseases from the summar ...
PDF
PDF

... Fig. 1. Vertebrate Hox genes. There are four clusters of vertebrate Hox genes. Numbers in the boxes represent previous nomenclature. Currently, genes are referred to by their cluster letter (right) and paralogue number (l-13 listed above). At the time of insect/vertebrate divergence, there were betw ...
Importance of integrons in the diffusion of resistance
Importance of integrons in the diffusion of resistance

Pathways - Bioinformatics.ca
Pathways - Bioinformatics.ca

... Co-expression within pathways • Tempting thought: genes that occur within the same pathway will show similar expression profiles • Reality: depends greatly on how you identify your pathways, KEGG pathways show at best 50% coexpression in survey of available yeast expression data (Ihmels et al., Nat ...
Deletion of a conserved noncoding sequence in Plzf intron leads to
Deletion of a conserved noncoding sequence in Plzf intron leads to

... (Fig. 4A and Supp. Table S1). There are 47 substitutions or SNPs in strict sense; 22 small indels (insertions and deletions up to 14 bp), from which 12 appear to be in a single base “run” and 5 in more complex microsatellites. In addition, during the positional cloning efforts, we identified 6 micros ...
Title Heterochromatin Blocks Constituting the Entire
Title Heterochromatin Blocks Constituting the Entire

... primates is that of chimpanzees and bonobos.9 – 12 These species, together with humans, belong to family Hominidae (hominids) and are phylogenetically closest to humans among extant species. Interestingly, humans do not have visible subtelomeric heterochromatin blocks. Another clear example of large ...
A large scale analysis of resistance gene
A large scale analysis of resistance gene

... A. thaliana for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae (gi 15221252), R-gene Mi-1 against nematodes and aphids from Lycopersicon esculentum (gi 7489037) and gene Rpp 8 of A. thaliana (gi 17064876). The sequence of primer RNBS-D-rev was kindly provided by Nevin Young. Primer LM638 was developed by Kanazi ...
Development and characterization of DehaloR^2, a novel anaerobic
Development and characterization of DehaloR^2, a novel anaerobic

... to H2 and acetate, two metabolites representing, respectively, the required electron donor and carbon source for Dehalococcoides. The bacteria responsible for fermentation include at least one species of homoacetogens of the genera Sporomusa, Spirochaetes, or Acetobacterium, believed to provide Deha ...
An S Receptor Kinase Gene in Self-Compatible
An S Receptor Kinase Gene in Self-Compatible

The Gene Ontology
The Gene Ontology

... • It is one of the multiple testing correction techniques (Bonferroni, Benjamini and FDR) provided by DAVID • More terms examined, more conservative the corrections are. As a result, all the P-values get larger ...
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Pathogenomics

Pathogen infections are among the leading causes of infirmity and mortality among humans and other animals in the world. Until recently, it has been difficult to compile information to understand the generation of pathogen virulence factors as well as pathogen behaviour in a host environment. The study of Pathogenomics attempts to utilize genomic and metagenomics data gathered from high through-put technologies (e.g. sequencing or DNA microarrays), to understand microbe diversity and interaction as well as host-microbe interactions involved in disease states. The bulk of pathogenomics research concerns itself with pathogens that affect human health; however, studies also exist for plant and animal infecting microbes.
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