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GeneMorph II EZClone Domain Mutagenesis Kit
GeneMorph II EZClone Domain Mutagenesis Kit

... The mutational bias exhibited by error-prone PCR enzymes undoubtedly skews representation of random mutant libraries, diminishing the effective size of the collection produced by error-prone PCR. Mutazyme II DNA polymerase is a novel error-prone PCR enzyme blend, formulated to provide useful mutatio ...
Genes: Structure, Replication, and Mutation
Genes: Structure, Replication, and Mutation

... contributions to nucleic acid chemistry, Levene mistakenly believed that DNA was a very small molecule, probably only four nucleotides long, composed of equal amounts of the four different nucleotides arranged in a fixed sequence. Partly because of his influence, biologists believed for many years t ...
Specialized adaptation of a lactic acid bacterium to the milk
Specialized adaptation of a lactic acid bacterium to the milk

... in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Microbial Genomes database. In addition, 311 streptococcal genome sequencing projects are currently in progress. Among these, three complete genomes belong to S. thermophilus, with a fourth that is in progress. The genome blueprints of S. t ...
SpliceCenter_DataBuild
SpliceCenter_DataBuild

... of NCBI websites. Subsequently, Dr. Liu and Zeeberg constructed a unique transcript database for AffyProbeMiner[4]. The techniques for obtaining and aligning transcripts developed for the AffyProbeMiner build and its methods of assuring transcript quality have been incorporated into the current Spli ...
Mapping of the Recessive White Locus and
Mapping of the Recessive White Locus and

... cDNA synthesized without reverse transcription in the recessive white chicken (data not shown). Figure 2. The PCR products with or without the insertion sequence in intron 4 of recessive white and colored chickens. Lanes 1 to 3 = colored chicken; lanes 4 to 6 = recessive white chicken. M1 and M2 sho ...
DNA methylation involved in proline accumulation in - Funpec-RP
DNA methylation involved in proline accumulation in - Funpec-RP

... 1998; Nanjo et al., 2003; Verbruggen and Hermans, 2008). Proline is synthesized via the glutamate pathway via 2 key enzymes, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS, EC 1.5.1.12) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR, EC 1.5.1.2) (Hu et al., 1992; Verbruggen and Hermans, 2008), whereas ...
transcription factor binding site
transcription factor binding site

... Eland, an efficient and fast aligner for short reads that was developed by Illumina and is the default aligner on that platform; Mapping and Assembly with Qualities (MAQ)58, a widely used aligner with a more exhaustive algorithm and excellent capabilities for detecting SNPs; and Bowtie59, an extreme ...
Problem set questions from Exam 3 – Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Problem set questions from Exam 3 – Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

... Mutations in this gene make yeast more sensitive to DNA-damaging agents such as UV radiation. You designate your new gene Rad66. To study the regulation of Rad66, you fuse the cis regulatory region upstream of the Rad66 open reading frame to the LacZ coding sequence. You then place this hybrid gene ...
Functional and ecological impacts of horizontal gene transfer in
Functional and ecological impacts of horizontal gene transfer in

... other ways. There is a wide variety of cases where parasites acquired genes allowing them to capitalize on new energy sources or survive environmental stresses [49–53]. Some of these may trace back to the origin of the parasitic group, and might help explain how they made the transition from free-li ...
IJBT 10(2) 235-237
IJBT 10(2) 235-237

... fragments were separated by electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. The bands were visualized under UV light and documented by gel documentation system (SynGene Genius Bioimaging System, UK). The band sizes judged by Gene tool were compared with molecular size marker and r ...
Today’s topics: What is personal genetics
Today’s topics: What is personal genetics

... and athletics • There is a version of the so-called “speed” gene ACTN3 that may be linked to sprinting ability. Most elite sprinters have at least one copy of this gene. ...
Introduction to Bioinformatics.
Introduction to Bioinformatics.

Biocatalytic potential of thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes
Biocatalytic potential of thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes

... Genetic and protein engineering are the modern techniques for the commercial production of enzymes of improved stability to high temperatures, extremes of pH, oxidizing agents and organic solvents. Use and development of molecular biology tools, permitting genetic analysis and gene transfer for reco ...
Nucleic Acids Research, 32: D489-D492 (2004).
Nucleic Acids Research, 32: D489-D492 (2004).

... sequences. The oldest Alu-related elements are the monomeric FAM, FRAM and FLAM sequences. The oldest Alu dimeric subfamilies are Alu-Jo and Alu-Jb, estimated to be ~80 million years old. The intermediately aged Alu subfamilies belong to the Alu-S class, which is divided into subfamilies Sx, Sp, Sq, ...
BMC Genomics 10
BMC Genomics 10

... facilitates the possibility of identifying candidate genes and the actual genes that underlie the trait. At present, more than one million porcine expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are available [7], and tools to evaluate and select candidate SNPs in coding regions for application as genetic markers h ...
GIN Transposons: Genetic Elements Linking Retrotransposons and
GIN Transposons: Genetic Elements Linking Retrotransposons and

... were performed following methods similar to those recently described in other recent papers of my group (e.g., Marco and Marı́n 2009). First, protein sequences were aligned using ClustalX 2.07 (Larkin et al. 2007). The alignments were manually corrected, when needed, with the GeneDoc sequence editor ...
Abundant RNA editing sites of chloroplast protein
Abundant RNA editing sites of chloroplast protein

... Background: RNA editing is a posttranscriptional modification process that alters the RNA sequence so that it deviates from the genomic DNA sequence. RNA editing mainly occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondrial genomes, and the number of editing sites varies in terrestrial plants. Why and how RNA edi ...
(2013). Nothing in genetics makes sense except in light of genomic
(2013). Nothing in genetics makes sense except in light of genomic

... this constitutes only classical evolutionary change. But if, for example, A increases by causing B to be shunted into a polar body during female meiosis and itself into the functional ovum more than 50% of the time (i.e., by meiotic drive), then this phenotype represents intraindividual genomic confl ...
Current Microbiology
Current Microbiology

... Abstract. The bidirectional, NAD1-dependent hydrogenase from cyanobacteria is encoded by the structural genes hoxFUYH, which have been found to be clustered, though interspersed with different open reading frames (ORFs), in the heterocystous, N2-fixing Anabaena variabilis and in the unicellular Syne ...
An Exploration of Command-Line BLAST
An Exploration of Command-Line BLAST

... were interested in studying a few of the most important ATP-related genes more carefully. You might want to use BLAST to sift through your large dataset (the watermelon mtDNA genome is over 300,000 bp long!) to focus on the protein-coding genes (which are coded for by only < 35,000 bp subset!) Perfo ...
Using the Charge Field to Inflate Evolution Theory
Using the Charge Field to Inflate Evolution Theory

... theory, they seemed to be making choices. They were able to suppress genes seemingly at will, selflocomote, and catalyze just about anything from any given set-up. Beyond that, they were able build and unbuild DNA, which is a very useful skill no matter how you look at it. Given that, I could not se ...
K -Channel Transgenes Reduce K Currents in Paramecium
K -Channel Transgenes Reduce K Currents in Paramecium

... but frameshift PAK11 ORF is not: The flanking sequences and UTRs of the PAK11 ORF may be involved in causing the peculiar phenotypic change described above. To test this possibility and to prevent possible multimerization of the ORF in the recipient macronucleus, we subcloned the PAK11 ORF into pPXV ...
New genes from non-coding sequence: the role of de novo protein
New genes from non-coding sequence: the role of de novo protein

... It is possible that some of the more conservative search criteria introduce bias into the results. For example, the prediction of intron–exon boundaries in the absence of supporting evidence is problematic. There is therefore a real challenge to determine whether a potential early stop codon is in f ...
New genes from non-coding sequence
New genes from non-coding sequence

... It is possible that some of the more conservative search criteria introduce bias into the results. For example, the prediction of intron–exon boundaries in the absence of supporting evidence is problematic. There is therefore a real challenge to determine whether a potential early stop codon is in f ...
Insights into three whole-genome duplications gleaned
Insights into three whole-genome duplications gleaned

... With the discovery of at least three successive whole-genome duplications (WGDs) in the history of the P. tetraurelia lineage (AURY et al. 2006), there is renewed interest in the evolution and genetics of Paramecium. WGDs can be found in the ancestry of many model organisms, including zebrafish (POS ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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